 Vials and packaging for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine Encevac | |
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target | Japanese encephalitis |
| Vaccine type | Inactivated or attenuated |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Ixiaro, Imojev |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a607019 |
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Japanese encephalitis vaccine is avaccine that protects againstJapanese encephalitis.[2] The vaccines are more than 90% effective.[2] The duration of protection with the vaccine is not clear but its effectiveness appears to decrease over time.[2] Doses are given either byinjection into a muscle orjust under the skin.[2]
It is recommended as part ofroutine immunizations in countries where the disease is a problem.[2] One or two doses are given depending on the version of the vaccine.[2] Extra doses are not typically needed in areas where the disease is common.[2] In those withHIV/AIDS or those who arepregnant aninactivated vaccine should be used.[2] Immunization of travellers who plan to spend time outdoors in areas where the disease is common is recommended.[2]
The vaccines are relatively safe.[2] Pain and redness may occur at the site of injection.[2] As of 2015[update], 15 different vaccines are available:[2] some are based onrecombinant DNA techniques, others weakened virus, and others inactivated virus.[2]
The Japanese encephalitis vaccines first became available in the 1930s.[3] It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4][5]
Randomized control trials on JE-VAX have shown that a two-dose schedule provides protection for one year.[6]
Japanese encephalitis vaccines first became available in the 1930s.[3] One of them was an inactivatedmouse brain-derived vaccine (the Nakayama and/or Beijing-1 strain), made by BIKEN and marketed bySanofi Pasteur as JE-VAX, until production ceased in 2005. The other was an inactivated vaccine cultivated on primary hamster kidney cells (the Beijing-3 strain). The Beijing-3 strain was the main variant of the vaccine used in thePeople's Republic of China from 1968 until 2005.[7]
Three second-generation vaccines have entered markets since then: SA14-14-2, IC51 and ChimeriVax-JE. The live-attenuated SA14-14-2 strain was introduced in China in 1988. It is much cheaper than alternative vaccines, and is administered to 20 million Chinese children each year.[6]
A purified, formalin-inactivated, wholevirus vaccine known as IC51 (marketed in Australia and New Zealand as JESPECT and elsewhere as IXIARO) was licensed for use in the United States, Australia, and Europe during the spring of 2009. It is based on a SA14-14-2 strain and cultivated inVero cells.[7] In September 2012, the Indian firmBiological E. Limited launched aninactivated cell culture derived vaccine based on SA 14-14-2 strain which was developed in a technology transfer agreement withIntercell and is athiomersal-free vaccine.[8][9]
Another vaccine, a live-attenuated recombinant chimeric virus vaccine developed using theyellow fever virus[10] known as ChimeriVax-JE (marketed as IMOJEV) was licensed for use in Australia in August 2010[11] and in Thailand in December 2012.[12]
Furthermore, vaccines against JEV have been available since the 1930s.
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