Japanese Occupation Site, Kiska Island
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
Rusted remains of a Japanese 75mm gun onKiska, now protected as part of theAlaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
Location	Aleutian Islands,Alaska, United States
Coordinates	51°59′5″N177°31′46″E / 51.98472°N 177.52944°E /51.98472; 177.52944
Area	48,900 acres (19,800 ha)
Built	1942
NRHP reference No.	85002732[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	February 4, 1985
Designated NHL	February 4, 1985[2]
Designated AHRS	November 24, 1972

TheJapanese Occupation Site onKiska island (along withAttu Island) in theRat Islands group of theAleutian Islands ofAlaska is where theImperial Japanese Navy attacked and occupied the island inWorld War II, as one of the only two enemy invasion sites in North America during the war. The Japanese built defenses and other infrastructure on the island before abandoning it in 1943 after losing theBattle of Attu. American and Canadian forces reoccupied the abandoned island, and departed the island in 1946. Now a part of theAlaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, the central portion of the island, where these military activities were concentrated, was designated aNational Historic Landmark in 1985. The site is part of theAleutian Islands World War II National Monument.

Kiska is a small island near the western end of theAleutian Islands. Although it is regularly subject to stormy weather and fog, it features one of finest harbors in the area. At the time ofWorld War II, Kiska was occupied byUnited States Navy weather station with a complement of ten men. On June 6–7, 1942, in actions designed to roughly coordinate with theirattack on Midway Island, Japanese forces occupied both Kiska andAttu against no opposition. Although they had originally planned to withdraw from both islands before the onset of winter, the Japanese high command decided to hold them. Both islands were fortified, and Kiska was made their administrative center for further operations in theAleutian Islands Campaign. On Kiska, they built an airfield, a series of coastal and antiaircraft defenses, a submarine base, seaplane base, and quarters for troops. Naval facilities were concentrated on the northwestern shore of Kiska Harbor, with army facilities at Gertrude Cove. Dummy defenses were constructed all over the island, while real defenses were concentrated around the main bases and at the North Head of Kiska Harbor.^[3]

The Japanese invasion eventually brought an American response. TheUnited States Army Air Forces engaged in bombing campaigns that increased in severity as airfields closer to Kiska were built, and Japanese shipping was harried by U.S. naval ships and submarines. Then, intwenty days of battle in May 1943,United States Army troops retook Attu. The Japanese consequently stepped up their fortifications on Kiska, but abandoned the island on July 28, having never finished construction of the airfield. Allied forces, unaware of the Japanese withdrawal, arrived in force on August 15. In an operation that cost 200 men to a variety of causes includingfriendly fire, the island was occupied. Among the items left behind by the Japanese were three disabled ships on the beaches of Kiska Harbor, one at Gertrude Cove, and a sunken I-class submarine at the site of the submarine base. Allied military changes included completion of the airfield runways and the installation of further defenses. Allied forces withdrew from the island in 1946.^[3]

When inventoried by the U.S. Army in 1976, surviving elements of the Japanese occupation included the submarine pen, a number of machine gun and antiaircraft gun emplacements, the wrecked freighterNozima Maru, a midget submarine, and a structure that served as officers' quarters.^[3]

Kiska Island is now protected as part of theAlaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, and authorization is required to visit the island. The central portion of the island, where the Japanese facilities were concentrated, and where the Allied landing took place, was designated aNational Historic Landmark and listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 1985.^[1] Five sites totaling 2,345 acres (9.49 km²) area part ofAleutian Islands World War II National Monument.

• List of National Historic Landmarks in Alaska
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska

• Aleutian Islands World War II National Monument

• Coyle, Brendan (2014).Kiska: the Japanese occupation of an Alaska island. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.ISBN 9781602232372.

• Buildings and structures in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
• Geography of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
• National Historic Landmarks in Alaska
• Japanese military occupations
• World War II on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
• Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
• 1942 establishments in Alaska
• Kiska

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