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January 1910 United Kingdom general election

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"February 1910 general election" redirects here. For the Finnish election, see1910 Finnish parliamentary election.

January 1910 United Kingdom general election

← 1906

15 January – 10 February 1910 (1910-01-15 –1910-02-10)

Dec 1910 →

← outgoing members

elected members →

All670 seats in theHouse of Commons
336 seats needed for a majority

Registered

7,694,741

Turnout

6,234,435
86.8% ( Increase

3.6pp)

	First party	Second party	Third party

Leader	H. H. Asquith	Arthur Balfour	John Redmond
Party	Liberal	Conservative andLiberal Unionist	Irish Parliamentary
Leader since	30 April 1908	11 June 1902	6 February 1900
Leader's seat	East Fife	City of London	Waterford City
Last election	397 seats, 48.9%	156 seats, 43.4%	82 seats, 0.6%
Seats before	373^[1]	168^[1]	81
Seats won	274	272^{[note 1]}	71
Seat change	123	116	11
Popular vote	2,712,511	2,919,236	74,047
Percentage	43.5%	46.8%	1.2%
Swing	5.4pp	3.4pp	0.6pp

	Fourth party	Fifth party

Leader	Arthur Henderson	William O'Brien
Party	Labour	All-for-Ireland
Leader since	22 January 1908	March 1909
Leader's seat	Barnard Castle	North East Cork
Last election	29 seats, 4.8%	Did not contest
Seats before	45^[1]	2^{[note 2]}
Seats won	40	8
Seat change	11	8
Popular vote	435,770	23,605
Percentage	7.0%	0.4%
Swing	2.2pp	0.4pp

Colours denote the winning party

Composition of the House of Commons following the election.

Prime Minister before election

H. H. Asquith
Liberal

Prime Minister after election

H. H. Asquith
Liberal

TheJanuary 1910 United Kingdom general election was held from 15 January to 10 February 1910 to elect all 670 members of theHouse of Commons. Called amid aconstitutional crisis after theConservative-dominatedHouse of Lords rejected thePeople's Budget, theLiberal government, seeking a mandate, lost their majority.

The result was ahung parliament:Arthur Balfour’sConservatives and theirLiberal Unionist allies won the most votes, butAsquith’sLiberals secured the most seats, edging out the Conservatives by two. WithIrish Parliamentary Party support, Asquith remained in power. Another election followed inDecember.

TheLabour Party, led byArthur Henderson, returned 40 MPs. Much of this apparent increase (from the 29 Labour MPs elected in 1906) came from the defection, a few years earlier, ofLib Lab MPs from the Liberal Party to Labour.

Results

[edit]

UK General Election January 1910
			Candidates						Votes
Party		Leader	Stood	Elected	Gained	Unseated	Net	% of total	%	No.	Net %
	Conservative and Liberal Unionist	Arthur Balfour	594	272	130	14	+116	40.6	46.8	2,919,236	+3.4
	Liberal	H. H. Asquith	511	274	12	135	−123	40.9	43.5	2,712,511	−5.4
	Labour	Arthur Henderson	78	40	17	6	+11	6.0	7.0	435,770	+2.1
	Irish Parliamentary	John Redmond	85	71	0	11	−11	10.6	1.2	74,047	+0.6
	All-for-Ireland	William O'Brien	10	8	8	0	+8	1.2	0.4	23,605
	Ind. Nationalist	N/A	10	3	3	2	+2	0.5	0.3	16,533
	Social Democratic Federation	H. M. Hyndman	9	0	0	0	0		0.2	13,479	−0.1
	Ind. Conservative	N/A	4	1	1	1	0	0.1	0.2	11,772
	Free Trader	John Eldon Gorst	4	0	0	0	0		0.2	11,553
	Independent Labour	N/A	6	0	0	1	−1		0.2	9,936
	Independent Liberal	N/A	3	1	1	0	+1	0.1	0.1	5,237
	Scottish Prohibition	Edwin Scrymgeour	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	756

Total votes cast: 6,234,435.^[2]
Electorate: 7,694,741 (7,201,029 in contested seats)
Turnout: 86.8%^[3]

Voting summary

[edit]

Popular vote

Conservative & Liberal Unionist			46.82%
Liberal			43.51%
Labour			6.99%
Irish Parliamentary			1.19%
All-for-Ireland			0.38%
Others			1.11%

Seats summary

[edit]

Parliamentary seats

Liberal			40.90%
Conservative and Liberal Unionist			40.60%
Irish Parliamentary			10.60%
Labour			5.97%
All-for-Ireland			1.19%
Others			0.75%

Aftermath

[edit]

Liberals had to rely on theIrish Parliamentary Party andLabour for their parliamentary majority. As the price for their continued support, the Irish nationalists demanded measures to remove the Lords' veto so that they could no longer blockIrish Home Rule. The Lords accepted the electoral mandate and approved the People's Budget on 28 April 1910,^[4] but contention between the government and the Lords continued throughout the year. The government called afurther election in December 1910 to get a mandate for theParliament Act 1911, which would prevent the House of Lords from permanently blocking legislation.

Notes

[edit]

^The seat count figures for the Conservatives given here include theSpeaker of the House of Commons who was elected unopposed.
^Maurice Healy andTimothy Michael Healy.

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cBlewett, Neal (1972).The Peers, the Parties and the People: The General Elections of 1910. Palgrave Macmillan London. p. 130.doi:10.1007/978-1-349-00652-6.
^All parties shown.
^"General Election Results 1885-1979". Archived fromthe original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved13 February 2023.
^UK Parliament. (1910, April 28). Finance Bill 1909–10 (1). Retrieved fromhttps://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1910/apr/28/finance-bill-1909-10-1

Blewett, Neal (1972),The Peers, the Parties and the People: The General Elections of 1910, Palgrave Macmillan London,doi:10.1007/978-1-349-00652-6
Clarke, P. F. (1975), "The electoral position of the Liberal and Labour parties, 1910–1914",English Historical Review,90 (357):828–836,doi:10.1093/ehr/xc.ccclvii.828
Craig, F. W. S. (1989),British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower,ISBN 0900178302
O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2010), "The 1910 Elections and the Primacy of Foreign Policy", in Mulligan, William; Simms, Brendan (eds.),The Primacy of Foreign Policy in British History, 1660–2000, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 249–259
Pelling, Henry (1967),Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910^{[publisher missing]}
Sykes, Alan (1979),Tariff Reform in British Politics: 1903–1913, Oxford University Press
Sykes, Alan (1975), "The Confederacy and the purge of the Unionist free traders, 1906–1910",Historical Journal,18 (2):349–366,doi:10.1017/S0018246X00023724
Wald, Kenneth D. (1978), "Class and the vote before the first world war",British Journal of Political Science,8 (4):441–457,doi:10.1017/S0007123400001496

External links

[edit]

Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results
United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979 Archived 30 January 2012 at theWayback Machine

Manifestos

[edit]

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