Janet Lane-Claypon | |
|---|---|
 Dr. Lane-Claypon in 1907 | |
| Born | Janet Elizabeth Claypon[1] 3 February 1877[2] Boston,Lincolnshire, England |
| Died | 17 July 1967(1967-07-17) (aged 90) Seaford, East Sussex, England |
| Spouse | |
| Medical career | |
| Profession | Doctor |
| Sub-specialties | Physician |
| Research | Epidemiology |
Janet Elizabeth Lane-Claypon, Lady ForberJP (3 February 1877 – 17 July 1967) was an English physician. She was one of the founders of the science ofepidemiology, pioneering the use ofcohort studies andcase-control studies.[3]
Lane-Claypon was born Janet Elizabeth Claypon in 1877 into an affluent family, inBoston, Lincolnshire, the daughter ofWilliam Ward Lane-Claypon, a banker and former first-class cricketer, and Edith (née Stow). Her uncleC. G. Lane was also a first-class cricketer.[4] A few weeks after her birth, her father changed the family name to Lane-Claypon by royal license.[5]
She was privately educated and entered theLondon School of Medicine for Women in 1898, winning numerous honors and fellowships. During her training, the British Medical Society awarded Lane-Claypon a research scholarship—the first time it had ever bestowed the honor on a woman.[6] She earned both anMD andDSc[2] (making her an early example of the"Doctor-doctor" phenomenon).[7]
Immediately after her education, Lane-Claypon began research at University College, London. During the first phase of her career, Dr. Lane-Claypon's research focused on female reproductive physiology—specifically the structure and function of the ovary.[8]
In 1912, Lane-Claypon published a ground-breaking study of twocohorts (groups) of babies, fed cow's milk and breast milk respectively. Lane-Claypon found that those babies fed breast milk gained more weight, and she used statistical methods to show that the difference was unlikely to occur by fluke alone. She also investigated whether something other than the type of milk could account for the difference, an effect known asconfounding.[7]
Having demonstrated the power of cohort studies, Lane-Claypon went on to develop another key type of epidemiological investigation, thecase-control study.[8] Lane-Claypon tracked down 500 women with a history ofbreast cancer – the "cases" – and compared them with 500 women who were free of the disease but otherwise broadly similar, known as "controls".[8] She showed that breast cancer risk increased for childless women, women who married later than average, and women who did not breast feed. The overall breast cancer risk decreased according to the number of children. For all cases, rapid treatment held the key to survival among women with breast cancer.[9] This study eventually led to the incorporation of risk tables and life expectancy in cancer treatment.[8]
In 1916, Dr. Lane-Claypon was named the dean of King's College for Women. However, departmental politics and pressures led her to resign her post and return to research, where she remained until the end of her career.[8] In total, Lane-Claypon published three books and 30 scientific papers.[6]
In 1929, Lane-Claypon married civil servant SirEdward Rodolph Forber (1878–1960), as his second wife.[2] Sir Edward held several prominent positions, including Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Health.[10] Lane-Claypon's final paper was published under her married name, and she essentially retired following her marriage, not uncommon for a woman of her class in this era.[7]
Lady Forber died in 1967, aged 90.[2]
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