| Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo | |||||||||||
 Painting of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo | |||||||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||||||
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| Tibetan | འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་དབང་པོ | ||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 妙吉祥智悲自在[citation needed] | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 妙吉祥智悲自在[citation needed] | ||||||||||
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Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (Tibetan:འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་དབང་པོ, 1820–1892), also known by histertön title, Pema Ösel Dongak Lingpa,[1][2] was a teacher, scholar andtertön of 19th-centuryTibet. He was a leading figure in theRimé movement.
Having seen how theGelug institutions pushed the other traditions into the corners of Tibet's cultural life, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo andJamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thayé compiled together the teachings of theSakya,Kagyu andNyingma, including many near-extinct teachings, thus creating the Rimé movement.[3] Without their collection and printing of rare works, the suppression of Buddhism by the Communists would have been much more final.[4]
Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo was born in 1820 on the 5th day of the 6th month of the Iron Dragon year of the 14thRabjung, in the region of Yaru Khyungchen Drak in The Valley of Taerlung( treasure/spiritual)inDerge to a family named Dilgo of Dilgo village,Kham. His father was Rinchen Namgyal, the secretary of the king of Derge belonging to the Nyö clan, and a descendant of Drikung Changchub Lingpa. His mother Sönam Tso was a daughter of Gerab Nyerchen Göntse of the Sogmotsang family,[5] from a Mongol background.
At twelve, he was recognized by Thartse Khenchen Jampa Kunga Tendzin as the incarnation of Jampa Namkha Chimé, and was given the name Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo Kunga Tenpé Gyaltsen Palzangpo. At twenty-one, he received full ordination from Minling Khenchen Rigdzin Zangpo atMindrolling Monastery. In all, he had more than one hundred and fifty teachers, who were masters from all four major Tibetan Buddhist schools from the regions ofÜ and Tsang as well as Kham, including Minling Trichen Gyurme Sangye Kunga, Shechen Gyurme Thutob Namgyal, Sakyapa Dorje Rinchen and the khenpo brothers of Thartse, Ngorpa Thartsé Khenpo Jampa Kunga Tendzin (1776–1862) and Thartsé Pönlop Naljor Jampal Zangpo (b. 1789).[5]
In time, his fame spread throughout Tibet and he became known by the name of Pema Ösel Dongak Lingpa, and renowned as a holder of the seven special transmissions (ka bab dün).
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His many disciples included Jamgön Kongtrul,Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso,Dodrupchen Jikmé Tenpé Nyima,Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa,Tertön Sogyal,Ayu Khandro and many other masters of the Nyingma school; theSakya Trizin Tashi Rinchen, the fourth Zimwock Rinpoche ofNalendra Monastery, many of the khenpos of Ngor and many other masters of the Sakya tradition; the fourteenth and fifteenthKarmapas, the tenth and eleventhTai Situpas, Taklungma Rinpoche and other holders of the Kagyü teachings; Könchok Tenpa Rabgyé, the Nomihan of Drakyab, Lithang Khenchen Jampa Phuntsok, Horkhang Sar Gyalwa and othergeshes of the Gelug tradition, and also followers of theBon tradition.[5]
Severaltulkus of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, including those of body(sku), speech(gsung), mind(thugs), qualities(yon tan) and activity(Wylie: 'phrin las), were recognized in Tibet.[6] Of these, the body incarnation wasDzongsar Khyentse Jamyang Chökyi Wangpo, who was enthroned at Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo's main seat atDzongsar Monastery but died in an accident c. 1909.[7] The activity incarnationDzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, who was originally enthroned atKatok Monastery succeeded him. The speech incarnation was theSecond Beru Khyentse and the mind incarnationDilgo Khyentse. Since the early 1960s, Dilgo Khyentse, single-handedly upholding the unique tradition of Khyentse incarnations, propagated Buddhism tirelessly in India, Bhutan, Nepal,Tibet, and the West.[8]
List of the immediate emanations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo:[9]
Alternate names by which Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo was known include: Dorje Zijitsal; Jigme Khyentse Nyugu; Khyentse Wangpo; Kunga Tenpai Gyeltsen Pelzangpo; Osel Dorje Tukchoktsal; Osel Tulpai Dorje; Pema Osel Do-ngag Linpa; Tsangse Gyepai Loden; Tsokye Lama Gyepaibang; Tsuglamawai Nyima Tsokye Shonnui Langtso.[12]
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