| Author | Al-Tirmidhi |
|---|---|
| Language | Arabic |
| Series | Kutub al-Sittah |
| Genre | Hadith collection |
| Published | 9th century |
Sunan al-Tirmidhi (Arabic:سنن الترمذي,romanized: Sunan al-Tirmidhī) is the fourthhadith collection of theSix Books ofSunni Islam. It was compiled by Islamic scholaral-Tirmidhi inc. 864–884 (250–270 AH).
The full title of the compilation is [al-jāmiʿ al-mukhtaṣar min as-sunan ʿan Rasūl Allāh ﷺ wa maʿrifat al-saḥīḥ wal-maʿlūl wa mā ʿalayhil al-ʿamal]Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 52: ﷺ) (help) (Arabic:الجامع المختصر من السنن عن رسول الله ﷺ ومعرفة الصحيح والمعلول وما عليه العمل).[1][2] It is shortened toal-jāmiʿ al-saḥīḥ,al-jāmiʿ al-sunan,al-jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī,al-sunan al-Tirmidhī orṢaḥīḥ al-Tirmidhī.
The termJami within the title indicates a complete collection covering all eightRisalah (Allah's message) subjects. The termSunan within the title refers to the collection's focus and chapter arrangement based on the particularRisalah subject,ahkam (general law).[3] Al-Kattani said: "The Jamiʿ of at-Tirmidhi is also namedThe Sunan, contrary to those thinking them to be two separate books, and [it is also named]Al-Jamiʿ al-Kabir.[4]
Since the book is considered by most Sunnis to be the most authentic afterSahih al-Bukhari andSahih Muslim, this was dubbed by later scholars asṢaḥīḥ al-Tirmidhī.[5]
He began compiling it after the year 864/5 AD (250 AH) and completed it on the 9 June 884 AD (10 Dhu al-Hijjah 270 AH).
It contains about 4330ahadith[6] (now roughly 4400), and has been divided into fifty chapters—disputed as 46 books.[7]
Ibn al-Athir said: "(It) is the best of books, having the most benefit, the best organization, with the least repetition. It contains what others do not; like mention of the differentviews, angles of argument, and clarifying the circumstances of thehadith as beingsahih,da'if, orgharib, as well as disparaging and endorsing remarks (regarding narrators)."
Sunnis regard this collection as fifth in strength of theirsix major hadith collections.[8]Ibn al-Jawzi stated that there are twenty-three[9] or thirty[10] forged hadith in it. Some scholars likeal-Suyuti have criticised Ibn al-Jawzi's findings as being too strict, concluding that there are no fabricated hadith in the Jami.[11] The 20th-century Albanian Islamic scholaral-Albani identified sixteen fabricated hadith.[12]
It was narrated fromIbn Al-Qattan Al-Fasi thatIbn Hazm said in his now lost book,Al-Isaal, thatAl-Tirmidhi's position wasMajhul or unknown. What is usually the case with narrators that are unknown is that they are rejected as being authentic. This peculiar and seemingly bizarre view ofIbn Hazm regardingAl-Tirmidhi's status in Hadith was also recorded byAl-Dhahabi in his book,Tarikh Al-Islam, and he said the following:
What is astonishing isAbu Muhammad Ibn Hazm, where he says about Abu 'Isa [i.e.Al-Tirmidhi]: '[He is] unknown,' as mentioned in the bookAl-Isaal.[13]
In a attempt to try to defendIbn Hazm,Al-Dhahabi made the point that theJami' of Tirmidhi hadn't reachedAndalusia until afterIbn Hazm's death. This claim, however, doesn't stand. What seems to be the case is that the book had reachedAl-Andalus even beforeIbn Hazm's birth.
Of the scholars who studiedAl-Tirmidhi's Sunan inAl-Andalus was Ibn Al-Fardhi Al-Maliki,Ibn Hazm's teacher, and he praisedAl-Tirmidhi's status in his book "Al-Mu'talif wal-Mukhtalif." Among other scholars, there was Yahya bin Muhammad al-Jayyani, who died in 390 AH, six years afterIbn Hazm's birth.Ibn 'Abd al-Barr used to narrateAl-Tirmidhi's reports through al-Jayyani, and he even mentionedAl-Tirmidhi in his book "Al-Tamhid".[14]Ibn Hazm himself also reviewed the book, making him aware ofAl-Tirmidhi's narrations, thus refuting the claim ofAl-Dhahabi that the book hadn't made it toAl-Andalus beforeIbn Hazm's death.
Ibn Kathir also mentionedIbn Hazm's opinion ofAl-Tirmidhi, but misunderstood what was transmitted byIbn Al-Qattan and claimed thatIbn Hazm madeAl-TirmidhiMajhul in hisAl-Muhalla. However, there is no mention of this, and his ranking as unknown was only recorded inAl-Isaal, and not in any other work.
Of the fourSunan books,al-Tirmidhi's alone is divided into four categories. The first, thosehadith definitively classified asauthentic, he is in agreement withBukhari andMuslim b. al-Hajjaj. The second category are thosehadith which conform to the standard of the three scholars,al-Tirmidhi,al-Nasa'i andAbu Dawood, at a level less thanBukhari and Muslim b. al-Hajjaj. Third, are the hadith collected due to a contradiction; in this case, he clarifies its flaw. And fourth, thosehadith which somefiqh specialists have acted upon.[15]
Editor,Ahmad Muhammad Shakir's 1937–65, Cairo publication, in 5 volumes, provides the standard topical classification of the hadithArabic text.[16] The book is divided into 49 chapters.[17][18]
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