James Michael Mead | |
|---|---|
 Mead in 1937 | |
| United States Senator fromNew York | |
| In office December 3, 1938 – January 3, 1947 | |
| Preceded by | Royal S. Copeland |
| Succeeded by | Irving M. Ives |
| Chair of the Federal Trade Commission | |
| In office May 24, 1950 – March 31, 1953 | |
| Preceded by | Lowell Mason |
| Succeeded by | Edward F. Howrey |
| Member of theFederal Trade Commission | |
| In office November 15, 1949 – September 25, 1955 | |
| Preceded by | Garland S. Ferguson |
| Succeeded by | William C. Kern |
| Chairman of theUnited States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads | |
| In office 1931–1938 | |
| Preceded by | Archie D. Sanders |
| Succeeded by | Milton A. Romjue |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromNew York's42nd district | |
| In office March 4, 1919 – December 2, 1938 | |
| Preceded by | William F. Waldow |
| Succeeded by | Pius Schwert |
| Member of theNew York State Assembly from the Erie County, 4th district | |
| In office January 1, 1915 – December 31, 1918 | |
| Preceded by | Patrick W. Quigley |
| Succeeded by | Andrew T. Beasley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1885-12-27)December 27, 1885 Mount Morris,New York, U.S. |
| Died | March 15, 1964(1964-03-15) (aged 78) |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 1 |
James Michael Mead (December 27, 1885 – March 15, 1964) was an American politician fromNew York. ADemocrat, among the offices in which he served was member of theErie County Board of Supervisors from 1914 to 1915,New York State Assembly from 1915 to 1918,United States House of Representatives from 1919 to 1938, and theUnited States Senate from 1938 to 1947.
A native ofMount Morris, New York, Mead was raised inBuffalo. He attended the public schools of Buffalo and began working for railroads at age 12. He rose through the Switchmen's Union's ranks to become president of the Buffalolocal. From 1911 to 1914 he was employed as an officer with theUnited States Capitol Police. While working in Washington, Mead attended courses at theGeorgetown University Law Center.
Mead began a political career in 1914 with election to Erie County's Board of Supervisors. He subsequently served in the state Assembly from 1915 to 1918. In 1918 he won election to the U.S. House, where he served from 1919 to 1938. In 1938 he was elected to the U.S. Senate seat left vacant by the death ofRoyal S. Copeland. He served in the Senate until 1947. In 1946, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee forgovernor of New York. He was then appointed to theFederal Trade Commission, on which he served from 1949 to 1955.
In retirement, Mead was a resident of Florida. He died inLakeland on March 15, 1964. Mead was buried at Oakhill Cemetery inClermont, Florida.
James M. Mead was born inMount Morris, New York on December 27, 1885,[1] a son of Thomas and Jane (Kelly) Mead.[2] Mead moved toBuffalo with his family at the age of five.[1] He attended Buffalo's grammar schools and began working at age 12.[3] He was employed by theDelaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad; his career included jobs as a water boy, lamp lighter, section hand, spike mauler, shop mechanic and switchman.[1]
Mead later worked for thePullman Company as a mechanic on sleep cardynamos.[4] He was subsequently employed as a switchman on theErie Railroad, and was eventually elected president of the Switchmen's Union's Buffalolocal.[1] From 1911 to 1914 he was employed as an officer with theUnited States Capitol Police.[1]
Mead also continued his education during his railroad and police careers; he attended Buffalo's Caton School of Engineering and completed an engineering course of instruction at the Buffalo Institute of Technology.[5] He also took courses atCanisius College andCatholic University.[6] While working nights for the Capitol Police, Mead attended theGeorgetown University Law Center during the day.[7]
As a well-known semiprofessional football and baseball player in the Buffalo area, Mead developed a following that aided his entry into politics.[2] In 1913, Mead was a successful candidate for a seat on theErie County, New York Board of Supervisors and he served in 1914.[1] In 1914 he ran for theNew York State Assembly.[1] He won the Erie County 4th District seat and won reelection in 1916.[1] Mead served in the sessions of1915,1916,1917, and1918.[1] In the Assembly, Mead won a reputation as a champion of worker's rights, including passage of a "full crew" law for freight trains, a law requiring workers to be paid every two weeks instead of every month, and an act mandating improved safety measures in train enginecabs.[8] Among his successes were laws to improve the conditions of women and children in factories and enhancements to the state's worker's compensation laws.[2] Mead's affability and power of persuasion marked him as an effective legislator despite the fact that he was a Democrat in a body controlled byRepublicans.[8]
In 1918, Mead defeated incumbent Republican congressmanWilliam Frederick Waldow for New York's 42nd District seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.[9] He was reelected nine times, and served from 1919 to 1938.[2] From 1931 to 1938, Mead served as chairman of theCommittee on Post Office and Post Roads.[2] In Congress, Mead was a strong advocate for worker's rights, and received credit for aiding the passage of several labor measures, including theRailway Labor Act,Railroad Retirement Act, andRailroad Unemployment Insurance Act.[8] Mead was the author of a law mandating a reduction in work hours for post office department employees to 44 hours per week, and later to 40 hours.[2]
While supplementing his education by taking college courses during his Congressional service, Mead was well known for staying in good physical condition by trotting from campus to campus.[2] At 6 feet 2 inches and 200 pounds, he maintained the athletic build of his youth, and was known as the House's best baseball and softball player.[2][4] After 28 of his colleagues died during one session, Mead recognized the need for a Congressional gym and took the lead in organizing it and bringing it into operation.[2]
According toJohn W. McCormack, who served asSpeaker of the House from 1961 to 1971, the House's Democratic leaders were grooming Mead to become Speaker.[1] McCormack went on to say that the only reason he (McCormack) was placed on the path that enabled him to become majority leader and then Speaker was that Mead left the House when he was elected to the U.S. Senate.[1]
In 1938, Mead defeated Republican Edward F. Corsi to fill the U.S. Senate seat left vacant afterRoyal S. Copeland died.[1] He was re-electedin 1940, defeating Republican CongressmanBruce Barton.[1]
In the Senate, Mead succeeded to the chairmanship of theSenate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program (the Truman Committee) afterHarry S. Truman was electedvice president in 1944.[1] Under his leadership the committee continued Truman's effort to weed out wartime waste, corruption and inefficiency.[1]
The committee's investigations under Mead's leadership resulted in RepresentativeAndrew J. May's imprisonment for bribery and an extended debate on whether SenatorTheodore G. Bilbo would be permitted to take his seat after winning reelection in 1946.[1] The committee uncovered evidence that the racist Bilbo had sanctioned violence againstAfrican American veterans who attempted to vote in Mississippi's 1946 elections.[1] In addition, there was evidence that Bilbo had accepted bribes from defense contractors in exchange for actions on their behalf during the war.[1] The issue was resolved when Bilbo's credentials weretabled so he could return toMississippi and seek treatment for oral cancer, an illness which proved fatal.[1]
In 1946, Mead spoke at a rally of 20,000 participants inMadison Square Garden, protesting against Britain's reversal of its pro-Zionist policies inMandatory Palestine. Mead claimed that "the conduct of the mandatory power and its administration in Palestine is in sharp contrast to the endless chain of commitments by the United States and the United Kingdom."[10]
Mead was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for governorin 1942.[2] He was theDemocratic candidate forGovernor of New Yorkin 1946, losing toRepublican incumbentThomas Dewey.[1]
After Mead's defeat, he served on theFederal Trade Commission.[2] Appointed in 1949, he became chairman six months later.[2] He remained on the commission until 1955.[1] From 1955 to 1956, he was the director of the Washington office of the New York Department of Commerce.[2] Mead was also a New York delegate to the Democratic National Convention every four years from 1936 to 1952.[11]
In 1937, theWorks Progress Administration built a Buffalo public library that was later named the James Mead Branch Library.[12]
Buffalo-area mail carriers recognized Mead's accomplishments on behalf of postal workers by naming theirunion local in his honor.[2]
After retiring from New York's Department of Commerce, Mead moved toFlorida.[2] He settled inClermont, where he owned and operated an orange grove.[2]
Mead died inLakeland, Florida on March 15, 1964.[13] He was buried at Oakhill Cemetery in Clermont.[14]
In 1915, Mead married Alice M. Dillon (1885–1964).[15] They were the parents of a son, James Michael Mead Jr. (1918–1997).[2] Alice Mead was the sponsor ofUSSLeyte (CV-32) upon its launch in 1945.[16]
| New York State Assembly | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Patrick W. Quigley | New York State Assembly Erie County, 4th District 1915–1918 | Succeeded by Andrew Beasley |
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromNew York's 42nd congressional district 1919–1938 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | U.S. senator (Class 1) from New York 1938–1947 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theSenate National Defense Program Committee 1944–1947 | Succeeded by |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Democratic nominee forU.S. Senator fromNew York (Class 1) 1938,1940 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Democratic Nominee forGovernor of New York 1946 | Succeeded by |
| Class 1 |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Class 3 | ||
| Post Office and Post Roads (1808–1947) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| (Reform in the) Civil Service* (1893–1947) | ||
| Post Office and Civil Service (1947–1995) | ||
| Note | *Name shortened fromReform in the Civil Service toCivil Service in 1925. | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
