James Haughton | |
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.jpg) Daguerreotype of James Haughtonc. 1846 | |
| Born | (1795-05-05)5 May 1795 Carlow, County Carlow, Ireland |
| Died | 20 February 1873(1873-02-20) (aged 77) Dublin, Ireland |
| Resting place | Mount Jerome Cemetery |
| Other names | Vegetable Haughton |
| Occupation(s) | Social reformer, activist |
| Known for | Vegetarianism activism |
| Title | President of theVegetarian Society |
| Term | 1870–1873 |
| Predecessor | William Harvey |
| Successor | Francis William Newman |
| Relatives | Samuel Haughton (nephew) |
James Haughton (5 May 1795 – 20 February 1873), nicknamedVegetable Haughton,[1] was an Irish social reformer,temperance andvegetarianism activist. He served as President of theVegetarian Society from 1870 to 1873.
James Haughton, son of Samuel Pearson Haughton (1748–1828), by Mary, daughter of James Pim of Rushin, Queen's County (nowCounty Laois), Ireland, was born inCarlow and educated at Ballitore,County Kildare, from 1807 to 1810, under James White, aQuaker. Although educated as a Friend, he joined theUnitarians in 1834, and remained throughout his life a strong believer in their tenets.
After filling several situations to learn his business, in 1817 Haughton settled inDublin, where he became a corn and flour agent, in partnership with his brother William. He retired in 1850.
Haughton supported the anti-slavery movement at an early period and took an active part in it until 1838, going in that year to London as a delegate to a convention. Shortly after thetemperance campaigner,Father Mathew, took the pledge, 10 April 1838, Haughton became one of his most devoted disciples. For many years he gave most of his time and energies to promoting total abstinence and to advocating legislative restrictions on the sale of intoxicating drinks.
In December 1844 he was the chief promoter of a fund which was raised to pay some of the debts of Father Mathew and release him from prison. About 1835 he commenced a series of letters in the public press which made his name widely known. He wrote on temperance,slavery,British India, peace,capital punishment, sanitary reform, and education. His first letters were signed ‘The Son of a Water Drinker,’ but he soon commenced using his own name and continued to write till 1872. He took a leading part in a series of weekly meetings which were held in Dublin in 1840, when so numerous were the social questions discussed that a newspaper editor called the speakers the "Anti-everythingarians". In association withDaniel O'Connell, of whose character he had a very high opinion, he advocated various plans for the amelioration of the condition of Ireland and theRepeal of the Union, but was always opposed to physical force.
When in July 1846 O'Connell's sonJohn forced a division the increasingly impatient "Young Irelanders" within his father'sRepeal Association by tabling resolutions that repudiated political violence under circumstances, Haughton sought to mediate.[2] In a decision perhaps made easier by Daniel O'Connell's death in May 1847, he ultimately sided with the dissidents:Thomas Meagher argued that the Young Irelanders were not advocating physical force, but might regard a resort to arms as "a no less honourable course" if Repeal could not be carried by moral persuasion.[3] Haughton, however, resigned in turn from the newIrish Confederation in protest against a letter of thanks to US Vice-PresidentGeorge Mifflin Dallas which had failed to note and condemn Dallas's ownership of slaves.[2]
Haughton was one of the first members of the Statistical Society of Dublin, 1847, a founder of the Dublin Mechanics' Institute, 1849, in the same year was on the committee of the Dublin Peace Society, aided in abolishingDonnybrook Fair 1855, and took a chief part in 1861 in opening theBotanic Gardens at Glasnevin on Sundays.
Haughton died at 35Eccles Street, Dublin, on 20 February 1873, and was buried inMount Jerome Cemetery on 24 February in the presence of an immense crowd of people.
Haughton's son, Samuel published a memoir of his father's life including extracts from his public correspondence in 1877. The scientistSamuel Haughton was a half nephew of James Haughton, who was the second son of another Samuel Haughton (1786–1874), who in turn was the son of Samuel Pearson Haughton and his second wife, Jane Boake.
Haughton became avegetarian in 1846, both on moral and sanitary grounds.[4] From 1870 to 1873 he served as President of theVegetarian Society.[4][5]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Stephen, Leslie;Lee, Sidney, eds. (1891). "Haughton, James".Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 25. London: Smith, Elder & Co.| International | |
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