The Most Honourable The Marquess of Salisbury KG GCVO CB PC
Lord Salisbury in 1920
Leader of the House of Lords
In office 27 April 1925 – 4 June 1929
Monarch	George V
Prime Minister	Stanley Baldwin
Preceded by	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
Succeeded by	The Lord Parmoor
Other ministerial offices Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal In office 6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929 Monarch George V Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin Preceded by John Robert Clynes Succeeded by James Henry Thomas In office 17 October 1903 – 4 December 1905 Monarch Edward VII Prime Minister The Marquess of Salisbury (his father) Arthur Balfour Preceded by Arthur Balfour Succeeded by The Marquess of Ripon Lord President of the Council In office 24 October 1922 – 22 January 1924 Monarch George V Prime Minister Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin Preceded by Arthur Balfour Succeeded by The Lord Parmoor Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster In office 24 October 1922 – 25 May 1923 Monarch George V Prime Minister Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin Preceded by Sir William Sutherland Succeeded by J. C. C. Davidson President of the Board of Trade In office 12 March 1905 – 4 December 1905 Monarch Edward VII Prime Minister Arthur Balfour Preceded by Gerald Balfour Succeeded by David Lloyd George Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs In office 12 November 1900 – 9 October 1903 Monarchs Victoria Edward VII Prime Minister The Marquess of Salisbury Arthur Balfour Preceded by The Earl Midleton Succeeded by The Earl Percy
Member of theHouse of Lords Lord Temporal
In office 22 August 1903 – 4 April 1947 Hereditary peerage
Preceded by	The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Succeeded by	The 5th Marquess of Salisbury
Member of Parliament forRochester
In office 8 February 1893 – 22 August 1903
Preceded by	Horatio Davies
Succeeded by	Charles Tuff
Member of Parliament forDarwen
In office 18 December 1885 – 26 July 1892
Preceded by	Constituency created
Succeeded by	Sir Charles Huntington
Personal details
Born	(1861-10-23)23 October 1861 London,United Kingdom
Died	4 April 1947(1947-04-04) (aged 85) London, United Kingdom
Party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Lady Cicely Gore (1867–1955)
Children	Beatrice Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury Mary David
Parents	Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Georgina Alderson
Alma mater	University College, Oxford

James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, (23 October 1861 – 4 April 1947), known asViscount Cranborne from 1868 to 1903, was a British politician.

Born in London, Salisbury was the eldest son ofRobert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury,^[1] who served as British Prime Minister, by his wifeGeorgina (née Alderson). The Right ReverendLord William Cecil,Lord Cecil of Chelwood andLord Quickswood were his younger brothers, and Prime MinisterArthur Balfour his first cousin.^[2] He was educated atEton andUniversity College, Oxford, graduating BA in 1885.

As a teenager he accompanied his father to the 1876–1877Constantinople Conference and a year later to theCongress of Berlin.^[3]

Lord Cranborne sat asConservative Member of Parliament forDarwen, then called North-East Lancashire, from 1885 to 1892.^[3] He lost his seat at thegeneral election of the latter year. He was elected forRochester at a by-election in 1893, continuing as MP there until 1903,^[3] when he succeeded his father and was elevated to theHouse of Lords.^[2]

On 29 October 1892, Lord Cranborne was appointedlieutenant-colonel of the4th (Militia) Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment, (formerly theHertfordshire Militia) of which his father wasHonorary Colonel^[4] and was in command when the battalion saw active service inSouth Africa from March to November 1900, during theSecond Boer War. The battalion, numbering 24 officers and 483 men, leftQueenstown on 27 February in the transportGoorkha, with Lord Cranborne as the senior officer in command,^[5] arriving inCape Town the following month. He received theQueen's South Africa Medal and was appointed a Companion of theOrder of the Bath (CB) for his service during the war. In July 1902 he received theHonorary Freedom of theborough of Hertford in recognition of his service during the war.^[6][7] He was still in command of the battalion on the outbreak ofWorld War I.^[4] He was alsoColonel of the wartime Hertfordshire Volunteer Regiment and Hon Col of the 4th Battalion,Essex Regiment, of theTerritorial Force.^[2][4] Lord Salisbury wasADC toEdward VII, andGeorge V until 1929.^[2]

He served under his father and then his cousinArthur Balfour asParliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1900^[3] to 1903, under Balfour asLord Privy Seal from 1903 to 1905, and asPresident of the Board of Trade in 1905.^[8][9] In 1903 he was sworn of thePrivy Council. In December 1908, he was appointed adeputy lieutenant ofHertfordshire.^[10] From 1906, following his uncle, he served as Chairman of the Canterbury House of Laymen.^[2]

Salisbury played a leading role in opposingDavid Lloyd George'sPeople's Budget and theParliament Bill of 1911. He commanded the61st (2nd South Midland) Division in the UK from September 1915 to December 1916.^[11] He continued as a committed and eager member of theTerritorial Army: he was Honorary Colonel of86th (East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, and of48th (South Midland) Divisional Engineers.^[2][4]

In 1917 he was made aKnight Companion of the Garter. He returned to the government in the 1920s and served underBonar Law andStanley Baldwin asChancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1922 to 1923, asLord President of the Council from 1922 to 1924, asLord Privy Seal from 1924 to 1929 and asLeader of the House of Lords from 1925 to 1929^[3] in successive Conservative governments of Bonar Law and Baldwin.^[2] He resigned as leader of the Conservative peers in June 1931^[12] and became one of the most prominent opponents ofIndian Home Rule in the Lords, supporting the campaign waged in theHouse of Commons byWinston Churchill against the Home Rule legislation.^[13]

Salisbury was part of two parliamentary deputations which called on the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer,Neville Chamberlain, in the autumn of 1936 to remonstrate with them about the slow pace of British rearmament in the face of the growing threat from Nazi Germany. The delegation was led bySir Austen Chamberlain, a former Foreign Secretary and its most prominent speakers includedWinston Churchill,Leo Amery andRoger Keyes. The Marquess of Salisbury wasLord High Steward at thecoronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937.^[14]

Lord Salisbury married Lady Cicely Alice Gore (born 15 July 1867, died 5 February 1955), second daughter ofArthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran, on 17 May 1887 atSt. Margaret's Church, Westminster.^[2][1] Between 1907 and 1910 she served as aLady of the Bedchamber toQueen Alexandra; additionally she was appointed an Officer of theOrder of St John of Jerusalem, and as aJustice of the Peace for Hertfordshire.^[15]

The couple had four children:^[2]

• Lady Beatrice Edith Mildred Gascoyne-Cecil (born 10 August 1891, died 1980), marriedWilliam Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech.
• Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury (born 27 August 1893, died 23 February 1972).
• Lady Mary Alice Gascoyne-Cecil (born 29 July 1895, died 24 December 1988), marriedEdward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire.
• Lord Edward Christian David Gascoyne-Cecil,CH (known as Lord David Cecil) (born 9 April 1902, died 1 January 1986).

Lord Salisbury died in April 1947, at 85, and was succeeded by his eldest son,Robert. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in February 1955.^[2]

He was the grandfather of actorJonathan Cecil by his youngest son, David.

• Profile, leighrayment.com; accessed 3 April 2016.
• Hansard 1803–2005:contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Salisbury
• Portraits of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury at theNational Portrait Gallery, London
• "Archival material relating to James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury".UK National Archives.

• 1861 births
• 1947 deaths
• Marquesses of Salisbury
• Cecil family
• Alumni of University College, Oxford
• Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
• Companions of the Order of the Bath
• Deputy lieutenants of Hertfordshire
• Hertfordshire Militia officers
• English Anglicans
• Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
• Knights of the Garter
• Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
• Lord High Stewards
• Lords president of the Council
• Lords Privy Seal
• People educated at Eton College
• Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
• UK MPs 1885–1886
• UK MPs 1886–1892
• UK MPs 1892–1895
• UK MPs 1895–1900
• UK MPs 1900–1906
• UK MPs who inherited peerages
• Leaders of the House of Lords
• Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
• Presidents of the Board of Trade
• Children of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

• Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use British English from May 2015
• All Wikipedia articles written in British English
• Use dmy dates from May 2015