James Beattie | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1735-10-25)25 October 1735 Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire, Scotland |
| Died | 18 August 1803(1803-08-18) (aged 67) |
| Occupation(s) | Scholar, poet |
| Education | |
| Alma mater | University of Aberdeen |
| Philosophical work | |
| School | Scottish Common Sense Realism[1] |
| Notable works | Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth (1770);The Minstrel (1771–74) |
James Beattie (/ˈbiːti/; 25 October 1735 – 18 August 1803) was a Scottish poet,moralist, and philosopher.
He became schoolmaster of the parish of Fordoun in 1753. He took the position of usher at the grammar-school of Aberdeen in 1758.
In 1760, he was, to his surprise, appointedProfessor of Moral Philosophy atMarischal College (later part ofAberdeen University) as a result of the influence exerted by his close friend, Robert Arbuthnot of Haddo.[2] In the following year he published a volume of poems,The Judgment of Paris (1765), which attracted attention. But the two works that brought him most fame wereAn Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth, and his poem ofThe Minstrel. TheEssay, intended as an answer toDavid Hume, had great immediate success, and led to an introduction to the King, a pension of £200, and the degree ofLL.D. fromOxford. The first book ofThe Minstrel was published in 1771 and the second in 1774, and constitutes his true title to remembrance, winning him the praise ofSamuel Johnson. It contains much beautiful descriptive writing.
Beattie was prominent in arguing against the institution ofslavery,[3] notably in hisEssay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth (1770), and inElements of Moral Science (1790–93), where he used the case ofDido Belle to argue the mental capacity of black people.[4]
Beattie was an amateur cellist and member of the Aberdeen Musical Society. He considered questions of music philosophy in his essayOn Poetry and Music (written 1762, published 1776), which was republished several times and translated into French in 1798. His poem "The Hermit" was set to music byTommaso Giordani (1778).[5]
Beattie co-founded theRoyal Society of Edinburgh in 1783. He was elected to theAmerican Philosophical Society in 1786.[6]
James Beattie was born the youngest of six children of a shopkeeper and small farmer atLaurencekirk in theMearns, and educated at Marischal, graduating in 1753.[7]
Beattie underwent much domestic sorrow in his later years, which broke down his own health and spirits. His wife, Marynée Dunn, whom he had married in 1767, went mad and was committed[7] to a Musselburgh asylum. His two promising sons both died: James Hay in 1790 aged 22 from "nervous atrophy", and Montagu in 1796, a 'promising poet' aged 18[7] after a short illness.
He relinquished his duties at Marischal in 1797.[7] That year he became afflicted with rheumatism, and in 1799 he had a stroke of palsy. He died in Aberdeen in 1803 and is buried there in St Nicholas' Churchyard.[8][9][10]
His niece, Margaret Valentine, married Reverend Professor George GlennieFRSE.[11]
Beattie is today remembered primarily for his poetry and for his staunch opposition to slavery. His philosophical work, at least in such areas as epistemology and metaphysics, has generally been assessed very negatively in the time since his death.Immanuel Kant regarded him in that way, stating that his misunderstanding of most ofDavid Hume's work was "positively painful".[12] Philosopher John Immerwahr states that among contemporary scholars, Beattie is regarded as "a superficial thinker who is primarily known because he was the source for some of Kant's knowledge of Hume".[12]
A biographical sketch,An Account of the Life of James Beattie, LL.D., was published in 1804 byAlexander Bower.[13]
The poetRobert Burns informed Mrs Frances Dunlop in a letter that the idea of usingCoila as the name of his poetic muse first came to him from Beattie's use of a muse named 'Scota' in his Scots language poem of 1768 titledTo Mr Alexander at Lochlee.
Beattie is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers depicted on theScott Monument onPrinces Street inEdinburgh. He appears on the left side of the east face.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Cousin, John William (1910).A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – viaWikisource.
