Jackson C. Frank | |
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 Frank in 1960 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | Jackson Carey Jones (1943-03-02)March 2, 1943 Buffalo, New York, U.S. |
| Died | March 3, 1999(1999-03-03) (aged 56) |
| Genres | Folk |
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Jackson Carey Frank (néJones; March 2, 1943 – March 3, 1999) was an Americanfolk musician. He releasedhis first and only album in 1965, produced byPaul Simon. After the release of the record, Frank was plagued by a series of personal issues, and was diagnosed withschizophrenia and protracteddepression that prevented him from maintaining his career.
Frank spent his later life homeless and destitute, and died in 1999 from a combination of pneumonia and cardiac arrest. Though he only released one record, he has been cited as an influence by many singer-songwriters, includingPaul Simon,Sandy Denny,Bert Jansch, andNick Drake.Rolling Stone journalistDavid Fricke called Frank "one of the best forgotten songwriters of the 1960s."[1]
Frank was born Jackson Carey Jones[2] on March 2, 1943, inBuffalo, New York, the only child of Marilyn Rochefort Jones and Jack Jones, a test pilot.[3] He later took on the surname of his stepfather, Elmer Frank, an army officer and food chemist.[4] He was raised Christian, though he became atheist in later life.[5]
On March 31, 1954, when Frank was eleven years old, a furnace exploded at his school,Cleveland Hill Elementary School inCheektowaga, New York.[6] The resulting fire killed fifteen of his fellow students,[2] including Marlene du Pont, Frank's then girlfriend, about whom he would later write the song "Marlene", and whom he intended to name a second album after.[7] Frank survived after escaping through a window, but had burns to over fifty percent of his body and had to stay in hospital for eight and a half months. His song "Yellow Walls" was written about his stay.[6][5] The trauma from the burns also caused extensive damage to hisparathyroid glands, resulting in an unregulated buildup ofcalcium in his body that led to extensive joint problems and caused a bent posture and pronounced limp that lasted the rest of his life.[5][8]
During his hospital stay, he was introduced to music when a teacher, Charlie Castelli, brought Frank an acoustic guitar to keep him occupied during the recovery. He was influenced greatly byElvis Presley as a teenager.[9] He once received a letter and autograph from Elvis, as well as a visit to all children injured in the fire from actorKirk Douglas.[5]
Due to Elvis' rising popularity, a meet-and-greet with children from Cleveland Hill was cancelled. However, in 1957, Frank traveled toMemphis, Tennessee with his mother and passed the singer's home,Graceland, coincidentally meeting Elvis' father Vernon by the front gate. When Frank's mother explained who he was, he was taken inside the house to meet his idol.[10][5]
In high school, he developed interests in history and writing. While trying his hand at poetry and novel writing, he decided he wanted to become a news reporter. He worked on-and-off forThe Buffalo News throughout his later teenage years. During this, his passion for music grew, and he began performing at local coffeehouses and art galleries. He often added comic relief to his performances, such as arguing with his microphone, in an attempt to hide his stage fright.[5]
In 1961, he enrolled atGettysburg College and began studying journalism. There he met fellow musicians Mark Anderson and Tim Parsons. Together they formed a folk band called the D'Juray Singers, a name Frank coined but with no particular meaning. The three performed both covers and original songs for the college's radio station.[5]
After just a few months in further education, Frank's grades began to decline and he dropped out in spring of 1962.[11] When he was 21, he received an insurance payout of $110,500 ($1,120,000 today) for his injuries and spent the money carelessly. He quit his newspaper job, bought several cars and frequented clubs in Toronto with his friendJohn Kay. In February 1965, he made the decision to move to England with his girlfriend Kathy Henry, though they broke up shortly afterwards due to Frank's declining mental health.[6][5]
His eponymous 1965 album,Jackson C. Frank, was produced byPaul Simon while the two of them were living in England immersed in the burgeoning local folk scene.[2] The album was recorded in six hours at Levy's Recording Studio, located at 103 New Bond Street in London.[12] Frank was so shy during the recording that he asked to be shielded by screens so that Paul Simon,Art Garfunkel, andAl Stewart could not see him, claiming: 'I can't play. You're looking at me.' The best-known track from the sessions, "Blues Run the Game", was covered bySimon and Garfunkel, and later byWizz Jones,[13]Counting Crows,John Mayer,Mark Lanegan,Colin Meloy,Bert Jansch,Eddi Reader,Laura Marling, andRobin Pecknold (asWhite Antelope), whileNick Drake also recorded it privately. The song was also heard in the 2018 filmThe Old Man & the Gun, while his song "Milk and Honey" was heard in the 2003 filmThe Brown Bunny. "Milk and Honey" was also covered byFairport Convention,Nick Drake, andSandy Denny, whom he dated for some time.[2] During their relationship, Jackson played a part in convincing Sandy to give up her nursing profession to concentrate on music full time.
Although Frank was well received in England for a while, in 1966 things took a turn for the worse as his mental health began to unravel.[2] Frank's mental health declined so noticeably and completely that in early 1966 he entered St. John's Hospital in Lincoln for an evaluation.[14] At the same time he began to experience writer's block. As his insurance payment was on the verge of running out he decided to go back to the United States for two years. When he returned to England in 1968 he seemed a different person to his friends. His depression, stemming from the childhood trauma of the classroom fire, had grown worse, and he had completely lost whatever little self-confidence he once possessed.[2] Al Stewart recalled:
He [Frank] proceeded to fall apart before our very eyes. His style that everyone loved was melancholy, very tuneful things. He started doing things that were completely impenetrable. They were basically about psychological angst, played at full volume with lots of thrashing. I don't remember a single word of them – it just did not work. There was one review that said he belonged on a psychologist's couch. Then shortly after that, he hightailed it back toWoodstock again, because he wasn't getting any work.[6]
While in Woodstock, he married Elaine Sedgwick, an English former fashion model and a cousin to Andy Warhol's protégéEdie Sedgwick.[15] They opened a clothing shop together after Frank had another brief position with a newspaper. They had a son and later a daughter, Angeline. Their son was born with a rare lung condition and died the same day.
Possibly due to the death of his son, Frank's mental state began to spiral further. His relationship with Elaine became strained and eventually he began pursuing other women. It was by this time he'd begun to hear voices, believing them to be from "spiritual nudists," who inspired him to strip naked and run around the village. He was arrested a few times by the local police and was ultimately committed to a mental institution. His wife forbade him from returning home one day, and Angeline was raised until her teen years under the belief that her father was dead.[2][5]
By the early 1970s, Frank had begun to beg aid from friends. He spent a while renting rooms and sleeping on couches. In 1971, a meeting was arranged withArt Garfunkel to share new material and potentially give him the rights to his unreleased song "Juliette." However, the disrespectful behaviour of Frank and the "hippie" friends he brought along made Garfunkel uncomfortable. He left the discussion early, never to return.[5]
Frank then spent time playing for live broadcasts, as well as working an unpaid entertainment job for a local fair. During a particularly productive period, Frank managed to write multiple new songs as well as the opening of a potential book, which he'd namedSociety Doll.[5] In 1975,Karl Dallas wrote an enthusiastic piece in the British weekly music newspaperMelody Maker, and in 1978, Frank's 1965 album was re-released asJackson Again, with a new cover sleeve, although this did not in the end make his music much more popular outside of a small number of his fans.
As the medication given to him alleviated his paranoid symptoms, Frank made the decision to stop taking it. He soon began to run around naked again, sometimes wearing a cape and carrying a sword, naming himself after theWalter Scott character Lochinvar. He also began smoking marijuana. Once again, he ended up in a psychiatric hospital.[5]
Frank lived with his parents inElma, New York for a few years in the early 1980s. People in the neighborhood were wary of him due to his odd behaviour, such as walking aimlessly on the 55-mph country roads and sitting in ditches for hours to pick at grass. However, he was "cut a lot of slack" due to his involvement in the Cleveland Hill fire.[5] In 1984, his mother, who had been in hospital foropen-heart surgery, returned home to find Frank missing with no note or forwarding address. Frank had gone to New York City in a desperate bid to find Paul Simon, but ended up homeless and sleeping on the sidewalk.[2] During this time he found himself in and out of various psychiatric institutions.[2]
Frank was treated forschizophrenia, a diagnosis that was denied by Frank himself (he maintained that he had depression caused by the trauma he had experienced as a child).[2] Just as Frank's prospects seemed to be at their worst, a fan from the Woodstock area, Jim Abbott, discovered him in the early 1990s.[2] Abbott had been discussing music with Mark Anderson, a teacher at the local college he was attending. The conversation had turned tofolk music, which they both enjoyed, when Abbott asked the teacher if he had heard of Frank. He recollected:
I hadn't even thought about it for a couple of years, and he goes, "Well yes. As a matter of fact, I just got a letter from him. Do you feel like helping a down-on-his-luck folk singer?"[6]
Frank, who had known Anderson from their days at Gettysburg College, had decided to write him to ask if there was anywhere in Woodstock he could stay after he had made up his mind to leave New York City. Abbott phoned Frank, and then organized a temporary placement for him at a senior citizens' home in Woodstock. Abbott was stunned by what he saw when he found Frank in New York:
When I went down I hadn't seen a picture of him, except for his album cover. Then, he was thin and young. When I went to see him, there was this heavy guy hobbling down the street, and I thought, 'That can't possibly be him'...I just stopped and said 'Jackson?' and it was him. My impression was, 'Oh my God', it was almost like the elephant man or something. He was so unkempt, disheveled. He had nothing. It was really sad. We went and had lunch and went back to his room. It almost made me cry, because here was a fifty-year-old man, and all he had to his name was a beat-up old suitcase and a broken pair of glasses. I guess hiscaseworker had given him a $10 guitar, but it wouldn't stay in tune. It was one of those hot summer days. He tried to play "Blues Run The Game" for me, but his voice was pretty much shot.[6]
Soon after this, Frank found himself sitting on a bench inQueens while awaiting his move to Woodstock, when he was shot with apellet gun and blinded through his left eye.[16] At first, the shooter could not be found, but it was later determined that local kids had been firing the pellet gun indiscriminately at people, and Frank happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.[17]
Abbott then promptly helped him move to Woodstock Manor.[2] During this time, Frank received a check fromBroadcast Music, Inc. and began recording some demos of new songs. Frank's resurfacing led to the first CD release of his self-titled album. In later pressings, Frank's demos from the 1970s were included as a bonus disc with the album, and an anthology entitledBlues Run the Game contained all these tracks as well as his final demos made in the 1990s. In 2013,Forest of Eden, an album of Frank's unreleased demos, was released through London based record labelSecret Records. The collection includes his unheard song "Forest of Eden", alongside 1950s demo recordings of "Heartbreak Hotel"; two Christmas songs, called "Santa Bring My Baby Back To Me" and "Precious Lord" (with a spoken word greeting to his grandparents); and three home-recorded demos of his original songs made prior to his 1965 album - "I Want To Be Alone", "Here Comes The Blues", and "You Never Wanted Me". The only available recordings of Frank yet to be officially released are songs made for the BBC Radio 1 showNightride in 1968, but they only exist as poor quality off-air sources.
Frank was later removed from Woodstock Manor for repeatedly urinating out of the window. He lived with Abbott for a while, but, in 1996, he narrowly avoided accidentally causing a house fire, so was moved to another psychiatric ward. After six months they could no longer keep him, and his family were in no fit state to look after him, so Abbott became his legal guardian.[5]
Frank died in Timberlyn Heights, a nursing home inGreat Barrington, Massachusetts,[18] from a combination of pneumonia and cardiac arrest, on March 3, 1999, the day after his 56th birthday.[1]
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Though he never achieved fame during his lifetime, his songs have been covered by many well-known artists, including Simon and Garfunkel,John Mayer,Counting Crows,Nick Drake,Sandy Denny,Julie Felix,Bert Jansch,John Renbourn,Laura Marling,Chromatics, andRobin Pecknold. Nick Drake covered 4 songs from Frank's debut album; "Here Come the Blues", "Blues Run the Game", "Milk & Honey", and "Kimbie". These are found on Drake's posthumous release,Family Tree. Frank's song "I Want To Be Alone", also known as "Dialogue," appeared on the soundtrack for the filmDaft Punk's Electroma.Soulsavers covered "Blues Run the Game" on their single "Revival" (7" vinyl, April 30, 2007).Marianne Faithfull covered Frank's arrangement of the traditional song "Kimbie" on her 2008 albumEasy Come, Easy Go and included the song in the repertoire of her 2009 tour. Erland & The Carnival covered "My Name Is Carnival," apparently Frank's favourite song. Bert Jansch also covered this song as a gesture to Frank.
Sandy Denny covered "You Never Wanted Me" and "Milk and Honey" on the albumIt's Sandy Denny released by Saga Eros in 1970.[19] Her song, "Next Time Around," contains coded references to Frank, her ex-boyfriend.[20] "Marcy's Song" is played by Patrick,John Hawkes' character, in the 2011 filmMartha Marcy May Marlene, and "Marlene" plays in the closing credits. Laura Barton's BBC Radio 4 programmeBlues Run the Game, first broadcast November 20, 2012, included interviews with Al Stewart, John Renbourn, Jim Abbott and John Kay as well as archive material of Jackson C. Frank talking and singing.
South Korean jazz singerNa Yoon-sun covered "My Name Is Carnival" on her 2010 albumSame Girl. "Milk and Honey" was sampled by Hidden Orchestra in their track "The Burning Circle" and by Hip Hop artist Nas in his track "Undying Love". French singer and Kora player Stranded Horse (Yann Tambour) covered "My Name Is Carnival" on his 2016 albumLuxe.[21]
Alt-country bandSon Volt covered "Yellow Walls" in 2017. A previously lost song from his 1968 period called "Golden Mirror" was uploaded to YouTube in late 2017.[22] "Blues Run the Game" is featured in the 2018 filmThe Old Man & the Gun.Colin Meloy performed "Blues Run The Game" in the 2013 musical/documentaryAnother Day, Another Time: Celebrating the music of "Inside Llewyn Davis" and in 2017 Brazilian film "Araby". "Horseshoe Crabs," a song onHop Along's 2015 albumPainted Shut, was inspired by the events of Frank's later life.[23] "Just Like Anything" was covered by Malcolm Middleton (Arab Strap) on his 2008 albumSleight Of Heart. The electronic music bandChromatics covered "I Want To Be Alone" in 2019.[24]
David Balfe's projectFor Those I Love samples the main hook from "Cryin' like baby" on the eponymous debut album's final trackLeave Me Not Love. The album's themes concentrate on youth, friendship and grief, using the lyrical sample to convey the artist's feelings upon learning of the death of his best friend.[25]Joshua Lee Turner covered "Blues Run The Game" on his YouTube channel in late 2018.
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