Jabrids Emirate الإمارة الجبرية
1417–1524
Flag Coat of arms
Realm of the Jabrids during Ajwad bin Zamil's reign
Common languages	Arabic Persian
Religion	Islam
Government	Emirate
• 1417-1463	Zamil bin Hussein bin Jabr(first)
• 1500s-1524	Ghossib bin Hilal(last)
Historical era	15th-16th centuries
• Established	1417
• Disestablished	1524
Preceded by Succeeded by Jarwanid Dynasty Portuguese Empire Al-Muntafiq Lahsa Eyalet Bani Khalid Emirate

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TheJabrids (Arabic:الجبريون,romanized: al-Jabrīyūn) orBanu Jabr were anArab dynasty that ruled all ofArabia except forHejaz, parts ofOman andYemen, and expanded intoIran's southern coast, controlling the Strait of Hormuz.^[1][2][3]

Their most prominent ruler wasAjwad ibn Zamil, who died in 1496. He was described by his contemporaries as having been "ofNajdi origin." Ajwad's elder brother had earlier established the dynasty in the early 15th century by deposing and killing the lastJarwanid ruler inQatif. At their height, the Jabrids controlled the entire Arabian coast on the Persian Gulf, including the islands of Bahrain, and regularly led expeditions into central Arabia andOman.

The Jabrids had a major role in reviving theIbadhi Imamate in opposition to theNabhanids, as they supported the installation of Imam Omar Bin Khattab Al Kharusi in 1487 and Imam Muhammad bin Ismail in 1500.^[4] However, Jabrid rule was limited in Oman as theinterior was contested by the Jabrids in one part, the Imamate in another and the Nabhanids in another part, whilst most of the Omani coast overlooking theGulf of Oman remained under the rule ofHormuz. Jabrid rule remained in effect in some regions till the arrival of the Portuguese.^[5]

One contemporary scholar described Ajwad ibn Zamil as "the king of al-Ahsa and Qatif and the leader of the people of Najd." Following his death, his kingdom was divided among some of his descendants, withMigrin ibn Zamil (possibly his grandson) inheritingal-Hasa,Qatif, andBahrain. Migrin fell in battle inBahrain in a failed attempt to repel an invasion of Bahrain by thePortuguese in 1521.^[6]

The Jabrid kingdom collapsed soon afterwards on the mainland, after an invasion of al-Hasa by Rashid Ibn Mughamis, the chief ofMuntafiq Bedouins.^[7] One branch of the Jabrids remained active in Oman, however, for nearly another three centuries. It is unknown for sure what became of the non-Omani Jabrids. Some believe they left to Iraq, while others believe they are identical with theJubur section of theBanu Uqayl confederation, who took control of the region before the Jabrids by around 200 years.

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