Jablunkov Jabłonków | |
|---|---|
 Town square with Church of Corpus Christi | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Jablunkov Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°34′36″N18°45′53″E / 49.57667°N 18.76472°E /49.57667; 18.76472 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Moravian-Silesian |
| District | Frýdek-Místek |
| First mentioned | 1435 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jiří Hamrozi |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.39 km2 (4.01 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 386 m (1,266 ft) |
| Population (2025-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 5,257 |
| • Density | 506.0/km2 (1,310/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 739 91 |
| Website | www |
Jablunkov (Czech pronunciation:[ˈjabluŋkof]ⓘ;Polish:Jabłonkówⓘ,German:Jablunkau) is a town inFrýdek-Místek District in theMoravian-Silesian Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 5,300 inhabitants. The town has a significantPolish minority. It is inhabited by a large number ofSilesian Gorals.
Jablunkov is located about 31 kilometres (19 mi) southeast ofFrýdek-Místek and 42 km (26 mi) southeast ofOstrava. It lies in the historical region ofCieszyn Silesia, and is the easternmost town of the country. It is located mainly in theJablunkov Furrow lowland, but the municipal territory also extends to theSilesian Beskids on the east. The highest point is the hill Lysá at 544 m (1,785 ft) above sea level.
Jablunkov lies at the confluence of theOlza andLomná rivers.
According to historians, the predecessor of Jablunkov is to be found in the place where the present-day village ofHrádek orNýdek is located. The first written mention of Jablunkov is from 1435. After the village was destroyed by a Hungarian raid at least in 1447, a new settlement emerged, and the previous settlement was renamed Old Jablunkov.[2][3]
This settlement was primordially namedJablonka and as such it was mentioned as a seat of a Catholicparish in the register ofPeter's Pence payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschendeanery.[4] Politically it belonged to theDuchy of Teschen, afee of theKingdom of Bohemia which was since 1526 a part of theHabsburg monarchy. In 1560Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn, granted Jablunkov town privileges. It continuously developed and in 1596 it had a mayor and a town council.[2]
The town profited from its location on an ancient trade route going from theMediterranean Sea to theBaltic Sea. The route was used by merchants ofancient Rome; frequent discoveries ofRoman coins confirm that. Important trading routes toKraków (north) and toUpper Hungary (east) also run through the town. It became more and more important and also rich, as many citizens lived by trading. In the 1640s it had 750 inhabitants, together with a suburb and the village ofPísečná. In the 18th century most of citizens worked in trade, craftsmanship and farming. At the end of the 19th century, many new buildings were built. A newArt Nouveau town hall was built in 1905.[2]
AfterRevolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modernmunicipal division was introduced in the re-establishedAustrian Silesia. The town became a seat of alegal district in thepolitical district ofCieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 2,988 in 1880 to 3,459 in 1910 with the majority being native Polish-speakers (dropping from 89.4% in 1880 to 84.4% in 1910) accompanied by German-speaking minority (growing from 9.2% in 1880 to 14.1% in 1910) and Czech-speaking people (at most 57 or 1.5% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority wereRoman Catholics (88.5%), followed byProtestants (9.2%),Jews (90 or 2.3%) and 2 people adhering to another faiths.[5]
AfterWorld War I,Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division ofCieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part ofCzechoslovakia. Following theMunich Agreement, in October 1938 together with theTrans-Olza region it was annexed byPoland, administratively adjoined toCieszyn County ofSilesian Voivodeship.[6] It was then annexed byNazi Germany at the beginning ofWorld War II. After the war it was restored toCzechoslovakia.
An old monastery of theOrder of Saint Elisabeth with a hospital was built in 1853–1855, a chapel was added in 1861. It was located near the Olza River and was frequently flooded. A decision was taken to build a new one. The construction started in 1928 and it began operating in 1932. In 1948, the monastery and its properties were seized by the Communists, who forbade the further induction of new sisters. Former Elizabethan sisters were ordered to work in a state farm with cattle. In 1989, after the fall of communism, it was returned to the Elizabethan sisters. The monastery in Jablunkov is one of only three Elizabethan monasteries in the Czech Republic, the other two being inPrague andBrno.[7]
Polish minority makes up 16.4% of the population.[8]
Historical population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source: Censuses[9][10] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There is a lungsanatorium in Jablunkov.[11]
The I/68 road (part of theEuropean route E75), which connects theD48 motorway with the Czech-Slovak border inMosty u Jablunkova, runs through Jablunkov.
The railway line Ostrava–Mosty u Jablunkova passes through the municipal territory, but there is no train station. The town is served by the station in neighbouringNávsí.
Jablunkov is home to an ethnographic group known asSilesian Gorals. The most popular cultural event is the annualGorolski Święto (literally "Goral's Festival"). It organized every year since 1947 by thePolish Cultural and Educational Union and is the second oldest folklore festival in the Czech Republic. It is a showcase of local Polish folklore and traditions that attracts visitors from all of Europe.[12]
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The most important landmarks are the historic town square with a fountain and statue of the Virgin Mary from 1655, theRoman Catholic church built in 1620 and rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style, and the Elizabethan Monastery from 1928–1932.[13]
The sanatorium building dates from 1933–1935 and is a valuable landmark of modern architecture. It is surrounded by a park with anarboretum founded in 1924, most species were added in 1937. After its completion in 1938 it contained about a thousand species, varieties and forms of woody plants, of which 400taxa of conifers.[11][14] Today it has more than 500 species of trees and shrubs. Several sculptures created byVincenc Makovský and Jan Tříska are also located in the park.[13]
Gogolin, Poland
Kysucké Nové Mesto, SlovakiaSiemianowice Śląskie, Poland
Tiachiv, UkraineWisła, Poland
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