| Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3 | |
|---|---|
 JL-1 and JL-2. | |
| Type | SLBM |
| Service history | |
| Used by | China |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Huang Weilu |
| Designed | 1970s |
| Manufacturer | Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group) |
| Produced | 1980s |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 14,700 kilograms (32,400 lb) |
| Length | 10.7 metres (35 ft) |
| Width | 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) |
| Warhead | nuclear |
| Blast yield | 250-500Kt |
| Propellant | Solid fuel |
Operational range | 1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A) |
Guidance system | Inertial |
Launch platform | Xia class submarine |
TheJulang-1 (Chinese:巨浪-1;pinyin:Jù Làng Yī;lit. 'Huge Wave-1', also known as theJL-1; NATO reporting nameCSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclearsubmarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). The JL-1 and its warheads are believed to be retired and dismantled.
On 26 March 1967, the National Defense Science and Technology Commission began working on the SLBM JL-1 (Julang, "Great Wave").[1]: 115 The Ninth Academy simultaneously conceptualized a smaller thermonuclear warhead for the missile.[1]: 115 In 1970, the Ninth Academy completed a theoretical design for the thermonuclear warhead.[1]: 115
The general designer of the missile wasHuang Weilu,[2] and Chen Deren (Chinese:陈德仁, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).[citation needed]
The JL-1 was deployed onXia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.[citation needed]
The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modifiedGolf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.[citation needed]
TheDF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1.
A 2011US Department of Defense described the operational status of the JL-1 as "questionable".[3] As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.[4]
