Joseph W. Keifer | |
|---|---|
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| 30thSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives | |
| In office December 5, 1881 – March 4, 1883 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel J. Randall |
| Succeeded by | John G. Carlisle |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromOhio | |
| In office March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1885 | |
| Preceded by | William Lawrence |
| Succeeded by | John Little |
| Constituency | 8th district (1877–1879) 4th district (1879–1881) 8th district (1881–1885) |
| In office March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas B. Kyle |
| Succeeded by | James D. Post |
| Constituency | 7th district |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Joseph Warren Keifer January 30, 1836 Bethel Township, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | April 22, 1932 (aged 96) Springfield, Ohio, U.S. |
| Resting place | Ferncliff Cemetery |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Antioch College |
| Profession | Law |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1865, 1898–1899 |
| Rank |  Major General |
| Unit | 3rd Ohio Infantry Regiment |
| Commands | 110th Ohio Infantry Regiment 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division,VI Corps 7th Army Corps (1898–1899) |
| Battles/wars | American Civil War Spanish–American War |
Joseph Warren Keifer (January 30, 1836 – April 22, 1932) was amajor general during theSpanish–American War and a prominentU.S. politician during the 1880s. He served in theUnited States House of Representatives as aRepublican fromOhio from 1877 to 1885 and from 1905 to 1911. From 1881 to 1883 he wasSpeaker of the House.
Keifer was born inClark County, Ohio. He attended school atAntioch College then returned to his family's farm. While working as a farmer he devoted his spare time to studying law. He began his law practice inSpringfield, Ohio, on January 12, 1858.
Keifer enlisted in the3rd Ohio Infantry, a three-months regiment, being appointed major. He served inwestern Virginia fighting in the battles ofRich Mountain andCheat Mountain and afterward was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment. When his term expired, he joined the110th Ohio Infantry and became itscolonel. He served in theEastern Theater leading his regiment at thesecond battle of Winchester. While the Union army was soundly defeated and most of it surrendered, Keifer's regiment was able to avoid capture. Following the battle of Gettysburg, Keifer was assigned to brigade command in theIII Corps and fought at thebattle of Wapping Heights. After Robert E. Lee's army had retreated to safety in Virginia, Keifer and his regiment were dispatched to New York City to help suppress thedraft riots.
Keifer returned to the Army of the Potomac in time for theOverland Campaign. He was wounded in the arm at thebattle of the Wilderness, putting him out of action for a time. When he did return to active duty he was placed in command of the 2nd Brigade inJames B. Ricketts's 3rd Division of theVI Corps. He led his brigade at the battles ofWinchester andFisher's Hill. During thebattle of Cedar Creek, VI Corps commanderHoratio G. Wright temporarily commanded the Army of the Shenandoah and Ricketts temporarily in command of the corps. This put Keifer in command of the 3rd Division in Ricketts's absence. WhenPhilip H. Sheridan heroically returned to command the army in the midst of the battle, returning Wright to corps command, Ricketts had already been wounded, leaving Keifer in command of the division for the rest of the battle. For his service during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, on December 12, 1864,PresidentAbraham Lincoln nominated Keifer for appointment to the grade ofbrevetbrigadier general of volunteers, to rank from October 19, 1864, and theUnited States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 14, 1865.[1]
When the VI Corps returned to the Army of the Potomac GeneralTruman Seymour was placed in command of the 3rd Division and Keifer returned to command the 2nd Brigade, taking part in thebreakthrough at Petersburg and theAppomattox Campaign. Keifer was breveted as a major general, to rank from April 9, 1865, in recognition of his contributions to the campaign.
Following the Civil War, Keifer returned to Springfield and resumed his law practice. From 1873 until his death, he served as atrustee ofAntioch College. In 1876 he was a delegate to theRepublican National Convention and the next year went to Congress. From 1881 to 1883 during the47th United States Congress, Keifer served as the 47thSpeaker of the House of Representatives.
During his early House years, Keifer was a member of the congressional "Stalwart" faction of the Republican Party led by New York senatorRoscoe Conkling.[2]
In 1881, Keifer sparred with Maine colleagueThomas Brackett Reed for the position of U.S. House Speaker. He was selected by intraparty colleagues on the 16th ballot, and proclaimed upon mounting the Speaker's rostrum that he would try:
with my best ability, guided by a sincere and honest purpose, to discharge the duties belonging to the office with which you have clothed me.[3]
He proved a disappointment as Speaker, his deficiencies in knowledge, judgment, and personality promptingThe Nation to comment that he was "more successful than any of his predecessors in displeasing the majority of the House."[4]
During theSpanish–American War, PresidentWilliam McKinley appointed Keifermajor general of volunteers on June 9, 1898. He commanded the 7th Army Corps and the American forces that marched into Havana after Spanish forces withdrew on Jan. 1, 1899.[5]
After returning to private life on May 12, 1899, he publishedSlavery and Four Years of War, in 1900. The book was both a commentary on the history of slavery in the United States as well as an autobiography of his experiences during the Civil War. He served as the first commander in chief of theUnited Spanish War Veterans from 1900 to 1901 and in 1903 and 1904 as the Ohio commander of theLoyal Legion.[6]
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He again ran and was elected to Congress and served from March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911.
After his political career, Keifer again resumed his law practice and served as the president of the Lagonda National Bank in Springfield, Ohio.
He died April 22, 1932, at the age of 96 in Springfield, and is buried in Springfield's Ferncliff Cemetery.
joseph warren keifer.
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