J. Proctor Knott | |
|---|---|
 Knott, 1870–1880 | |
| 29th Governor of Kentucky | |
| In office September 5, 1883 – August 30, 1887 | |
| Lieutenant | James R. Hindman |
| Preceded by | Luke P. Blackburn |
| Succeeded by | Simon B. Buckner |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromKentucky's4th district | |
| In office March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1871 | |
| Preceded by | Aaron Harding |
| Succeeded by | William B. Read |
| In office March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1883 | |
| Preceded by | William B. Read |
| Succeeded by | Thomas B. Robertson |
| Missouri Attorney General | |
| In office 1858–1861 | |
| Governor | Robert Marcellus Stewart |
| Preceded by | Ephraim B. Ewing |
| Succeeded by | Aikman Welch |
| Member of theMissouri House of Representatives | |
| In office 1857–1858 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Proctor Knott (1830-08-29)August 29, 1830 Raywick, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | June 18, 1911(1911-06-18) (aged 80) Lebanon, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Resting place | Ryder Cemetery |
| Party | Democratic |
| Spouses | |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Signature |  |
James Proctor Knott (August 29, 1830 – June 18, 1911) was aU.S. Representative from Kentucky and served as the 29thgovernor of Kentucky from 1883 to 1887. Born in Kentucky, he moved toMissouri in 1850 and began his political career there. He served asMissouri Attorney General from 1859 to 1861, when he resigned rather than swear an oath of allegiance to the federal government just prior to the outbreak of theCivil War.
Knott was disbarred and briefly imprisoned for his refusal to take the oath of allegiance. He returned to Kentucky in 1863 and was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1871, he made a notable speech ridiculing a bill to subsidize westward expansion of railroads. In the speech, he lampooned the remote town ofDuluth, Minnesota. The Duluth speech was eventually reprinted in several publications and brought Knott national acclaim. He did not stand for re-election in 1870, instead making a failed run for the office of governor. In 1875, he returned to the House and served as chair of thejudiciary committee.
In 1883, Knott left Congress and made a successful run for governor. He secured major reforms in education, but was stymied in his pursuit of tax reform. After his term as governor, he was a delegate to the state's constitutional convention in 1891. In 1892, he became a professor atCentre College inDanville, Kentucky and helped organized the college's law school in 1894. He served as dean of the law school until an illness forced him to retire in 1902. He died at his home inLebanon, Kentucky on June 18, 1911.
J. Proctor Knott was born inRaywick, Kentucky, on August 29, 1830.[1] He was the son of Joseph Percy and Maria Irvine (McElroy) Knott.[2] He was tutored by his father from an early age, and later attended public school in Marion andShelby counties.[3][4] In 1846, he began to study law.[4] In May 1850, he relocated toMemphis, Missouri, where he was admitted to thebar and commenced practice in 1851.[1] He also served in the offices of the circuit court andcounty clerks.[4]
Knott married Mary E. Forman on November 17, 1852.[4] Forman died during the birth of the couple's first child in August 1853.[2][4] On January 14, 1858, Knott married his cousin, Sarah R. McElroy.[2]
Knott's political career began in 1857 when he was elected to representScotland County in theMissouri House of Representatives.[4] He served as chair of the judiciary committee and conducted theimpeachment hearings against Judge Albert Jackson.[4] Knott resigned his seat in the legislature in August 1858 to acceptGovernorRobert M. Stewart's appointment to fill the unexpired term of Missouri's attorney general,Ephraim B. Ewing.[4] In 1860, he was elected to a full term as attorney general.[2]
In January 1861, Missouri called a convention to determine whether it would follow the lead of other pro-slavery states andsecede from the Union.[4] Knott was sympathetic to the southern cause, but opposed the methods of the secessionists.[4] The Unionist position carried the convention by an 80,000-vote majority.[4] Knott resigned his position as attorney general rather than take an oath of allegiance required by the federal government.[4] As a result of his refusal, he wasdisbarred from practice in the state of Missouri and imprisoned for a short time.[4]
In 1863, Knott returned to Kentucky and re-opened his legal practice in Lebanon.[1] He was elected as aDemocrat to theU.S. House of Representatives in 1867.[1] As a legislator, he opposed theReconstruction agenda of theRadical Republicans and ratification of theFourteenth andFifteenth amendments.[2][5] He was re-elected to a second term, but did not stand for re-election in 1870.[1]
Knott's most notable action as a legislator occurred near the end of his first stint in Congress. On January 27, 1871, he delivered asatirical speech ridiculing a bill that would have provided fifty-seven land grants and financial concessions to railroads to further their westward expansion.[6] In the speech, Knott singled out the proposedBayfield and St. Croix Railroad's[7] proposed line from theSt. Croix River toDuluth, Minnesota to make his point.[6] He derided the remoteness of the town and the need for a railroad to it by repeatedly referring to a map and asking where Duluth was located.[6] Following the speech, the railroad bill was killed and Congress adjourned for the day.[6]
Knott's speech, known asDuluth! orThe Untold Delights of Duluth, brought him national acclaim and copies of the speech were reprinted and sold.[8][9][10][11][12][6] Residents of Duluth apparently were not offended by the speech, extending an offer for Knott to visit the city; Knott accepted the offer in 1891.[6] In 1894, a city near Duluth was incorporated as "Proctorknott"; in 1904, it adopted its present name ofProctor, Minnesota.[13][14]
In 1871, Knott made an unsuccessful bid to become governor of Kentucky, losing the Democratic nomination toPreston Leslie.[15] He was re-elected to the House of Representatives in 1875, serving four consecutive terms.[1] He chaired theHouse Judiciary Committee for the first three of these terms.[1] In 1876, he was named one of the managers ofimpeachment proceedings against ex-Secretary of WarWilliam W. Belknap.[1]
Knott was one of several candidates seeking the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1883. Other prominent candidates included CongressmanThomas Laurens Jones, formerConfederate generalSimon Bolivar Buckner, Judge John S. Owsley, andLouisville mayorCharles Donald Jacob. Balloting began on May 16, 1883, with Jones as the leading vote-getter but unable to secure amajority. After four ballots, Jacob withdrew his name, and Knott moved into the lead. The following day, Owsley dropped out of the balloting, and Knott extended his lead. Though Buckner remained on the ballot, the race came down to Jones and Knott. Delegates fromOwen County switched to Knott, and other counties soon followed suit. Jones withdrew, and Knott was nominated unanimously.[16]
In the general election, Knott defeatedRepublican Thomas Z. Morrow by a margin of nearly 45,000 votes.[2] During his term in office, he asked thelegislature to conduct a thorough reform of the state's tax system, but the legislators' only response was to create a board of equalization charged with making equitable tax assessments.[2] The legislature also refused to grant the Railroad Commission all the powers Knott had requested.[2]
Knott's most successful initiatives were in the area of education. Under his leadership, the state established anormal school for blacks inFrankfort and created a state teacher's organization.[3] New legislation spelled out, often for the first time in the state's history, the duties and responsibilities of educators, administrators, and school boards.[2]
Knott's major shortcomings were in deterring crime. Despite the feuds that continued to rage in the state, including one that lasted several years inRowan County, Knott refused to acknowledge lawlessness as a problem.[2] Overcrowding of prisons prompted Knott to employ hispardon power liberally.[17] The legislature approved the construction of theKentucky State Penitentiary atEddyville, but it was Knott's predecessor,Luke P. Blackburn, who laid most of the groundwork for this project.[2]
Following his term as governor, Knott continued his legal practice in Frankfort.[2] He declined two separate appointments offered to him byPresidentGrover Cleveland.[3] The first was to becomeTerritorial Governor of Hawaii; the other was an appointment to theInterstate Commerce Commission.[3] Knott served as a special assistant to Kentucky's attorney general in 1887 and 1888, and in 1891, he was chosen as a delegate to the state constitutional convention.[2]
Knott became a professor ofcivics and economics atCentre College inDanville, Kentucky in 1892.[1] In 1894, Knott and Centre president William C. Young organized a law department at the college; Knott became the department's first dean.[4] An illness forced him to retire in 1902.[2] He died in Lebanon on June 18, 1911, and was buried at the Ryder Cemetery in Lebanon.[1]Knott County, Kentucky was formed in 1884 and named in his honor.[4]
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Democratic nominee for Governor of Kentucky 1883 | Succeeded by |
| Legal offices | ||
| Preceded by | Missouri State Attorney General 1858–1861 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromKentucky's 4th congressional district March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1871 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives fromKentucky's 4th congressional district March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1883 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Governor of Kentucky 1883 – 1887 | Succeeded by |
Chairs of theUnited States House Committee on the Judiciary | ||
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| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
