J. Lamar Worzel (February 21, 1919 – December 26, 2008) was an Americangeophysicist known for his important contributions to underwateracoustics,underwater photography, and gravity measurements at sea.
Worzel was born on February 21, 1919, inStaten Island,New York. His father was a real-estate lawyer.[1]
Worzel, was a graduate ofLehigh University. There he met Dr.Maurice Ewing with whom he had a forty-year working relationship. He had a long and notable career as a research scientist and professor ofoceanography atWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution before following Ewing to the new Lamont Geological Observatory atColumbia University. He conducted annual research on many ships, including theVema, which set the stage for the rapid advances in marine geology and geophysics in the late 1940s and 1950s. Along with Ewing and Alan Vine, he built the first camera designed to go to a depth of 3000fathoms (5.5 km), in 1939.
Together with Ewing, he discovered "shadow zones" in the oceans that were not accessible to sonar detection as well as "deep sound channels" that transmit low frequency sounds for long distances.[2] Such discoveries were of military significance and the basis for the development of theSofar channel program of the US Navy. Other achievements included the precise measurement of the earth's gravity field from surface ships, previously hampered by the inherent instability of ship platforms.[2]
In 1963 he led a team conducting an acoustic investigation which later found the remains of the nuclear powered submarineUSS Thresher (SSN 593), lost after deep diving trials.[1]
He was a Gravity Specialist and Co-Chief Scientist and eventually Associate Director at Lamont Geological Observatory (now known asLamont–Doherty Earth Observatory), director of theMarine Science Institute Geophysical Laboratory atGalveston, Texas, from 1975–79, vice-president ofSociety of Exploration Geophysicists (1978–79), and principal investigator of the drilling program on the Blake plateau region offJacksonville, Florida, in 1965. Worzel is a cofounder of thePalisades Geophysical Institute and served as its president from 1974 until 2002 when he disbanded it as he felt the research was too focused on weaponry.[2] Worzel was a fellow of theAmerican Geophysical Union.
His work had both military and peaceful implications. With Ewing he established that the sea floor is not a former sunken continent but an original ocean basin.[2] Today, the J. Lamar Worzel Assistant Scientist Fund is a US$1 million fund that supports young scientists pursuing careers in geophysical oceanography at Woods Hole. Additionally, the Maurice Ewing and J. Lamar Worzel Professorship of Geophysics at Columbia University in New York is named in his honor.
He was married to the former Dorothy Crary.[2]
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