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Jōetsu 上越市 | |||||||
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 Flag  Seal | |||||||
 Location of Jōetsu in Niigata | |||||||
  Jōetsu | |||||||
| Coordinates:37°8′52.3″N138°14′9.9″E / 37.147861°N 138.236083°E /37.147861; 138.236083 | |||||||
| Country | Japan | ||||||
| Region | Chūbu (Kōshin'etsu) (Hokuriku) | ||||||
| Prefecture | Niigata | ||||||
| First official recorded | 702 AD | ||||||
| Takada city established | September 1, 1911 | ||||||
| Naoetsu city established | June 1, 1954 | ||||||
| Two cities merged and current name | April 30, 1971 | ||||||
| Government | |||||||
| • Mayor | Jyunichi Kosuge (小菅淳一）- from November 2025 | ||||||
| Area | |||||||
• Total | 973.81 km2 (375.99 sq mi) | ||||||
| Population (December 1, 2020) | |||||||
• Total | 189,430 | ||||||
| • Density | 194.52/km2 (503.82/sq mi) | ||||||
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) | ||||||
| Phone number | 025-526-5111 | ||||||
| Address | 1-1-3 Kida, Jōetsu-shi, Niigata-ken 943-8601 | ||||||
| Climate | Cfa | ||||||
| Website | Official website | ||||||
| Symbols | |||||||
| Flower | Camellia | ||||||
| Tree | Sakura | ||||||
Jōetsu (上越市,Jōetsu-shi) is acity located inNiigata Prefecture,Japan. As of 1 December 2020[update], the city had an estimatedpopulation of 189,430, in 76,461 households[1] with apopulation density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 973.81 square kilometres (375.99 sq mi). Jōetsu borders theSea of Japan and is renowned for its abundance of snow, the annual cherry-blossom festival,sake andKoshihikari rice.
Thekanji for Jōetsu combines上 "upward",越 "to surpass" and市 "city", which can be misleading as the city is located in the southwestern part of Niigata Prefecture, closer to Toyama and Nagano Prefectures, as opposed to more northern areas in Niigata. Prior to theMeiji Restoration,Echigo Province was divided into three sections. One portion was calledKami Echigo (上越後), which was translated as "Upper Echigo", due its geographical proximity to the capital city of Kyoto. After the establishment of prefectures throughout Japan, the region name was shortened to"Jōetsu" (上越). When referring to Jōetsu, it could refer to the actual geographical Jōetsu region, which encompasses the cities of Jōetsu,Myōkō andItoigawa, or may simply refer to the city of Jōetsu.[2]
Jōetsu is in southwest Niigata Prefecture, bordered by theSea of Japan to the north andNagano Prefecture to the south. It is approximately 133 kilometers west of the city ofNiigata, the prefectural capital and 139 kilometers east ofToyama.
Surrounded by theJapanese Alps, Jōetsu contains four noteworthy mountains:
Although part of neighboring cityMyōkō,Mount Myōkō can also be vividly seen from Joetsu. Known for its heavy snowfall and ski resorts, Mt. Myōkō is listed as one of the100 Famous Japanese Mountains, and is considered the "Mount Fuji of Echigo".
Jōetsu has ahumid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classificationCfa). The average annual temperature is 13.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2599 mm with January as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.0 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.2 °C.[3]
Owing to its coastal location facing onshore winds off the Sea of Japan, Jōetsu is the wettest low-lying part of the northern hemisphere temperate zone apart from theOwase region of theKii Peninsula, receiving an average of around 2.8 metres (110.2 in) of precipitation per year. As a comparison,Forks on the windward side ofWashington'sOlympic Peninsula receives 110 inches (2.79 m) andRize on the Black Sea coast of Turkey 2,530 millimetres (100 in). The cold winds from the combined power of theSiberian High andAleutian Low give Jōetsu an average of 6.3 metres (250 in) of snowfall that however tends to melt significantly even during the winter. On February 26, 1945, Jōetsu received as much as 3.77 metres (148 in) of snow in one day. The heaviest annual snowfall, since the beginning of regular snowfall measurements in 1953, was 14.94 metres (590 in) in the 1985/1986 season and the heaviest monthly total precipitation 942 millimetres (37 in) in January 1945, whilst the driest month was August 1985 with 16 millimetres (0.63 in).
| Climate data forTakada, Jōetsu, elevation 13 m (43 ft), (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1922−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 32.3 (90.1) | 33.1 (91.6) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.9 (102.0) | 40.3 (104.5) | 39.3 (102.7) | 34.1 (93.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 23.7 (74.7) | 40.3 (104.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 29.6 (85.3) | 31.3 (88.3) | 27.1 (80.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.5 (59.9) | 9.3 (48.7) | 18.7 (65.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 2.7 (36.9) | 5.8 (42.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 10.5 (50.9) | 5.3 (41.5) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | −0.8 (30.6) | 1.4 (34.5) | 6.1 (43.0) | 11.6 (52.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.1 (43.0) | 1.8 (35.2) | 9.8 (49.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.7 (12.7) | −13.2 (8.2) | −10.3 (13.5) | −6.5 (20.3) | −0.4 (31.3) | 6.4 (43.5) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 8.3 (46.9) | 1.2 (34.2) | −2.5 (27.5) | −7.8 (18.0) | −13.2 (8.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 429.6 (16.91) | 263.3 (10.37) | 194.7 (7.67) | 105.3 (4.15) | 87.0 (3.43) | 136.5 (5.37) | 206.8 (8.14) | 184.5 (7.26) | 205.8 (8.10) | 213.9 (8.42) | 334.2 (13.16) | 475.5 (18.72) | 2,837.1 (111.70) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 171 (67) | 139 (55) | 47 (19) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | trace | 67 (26) | 413 (163) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 79 (31) | 95 (37) | 54 (21) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 32 (13) | 96 (38) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 24.8 | 20.4 | 19.0 | 12.3 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 13.2 | 11.4 | 13.9 | 14.6 | 18.6 | 23.2 | 192.7 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1 cm) | 19.7 | 17.8 | 8.5 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 9.8 | 56.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 79 | 76 | 72 | 67 | 71 | 78 | 81 | 78 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 76 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 62.4 | 83.2 | 128.7 | 177.6 | 201.8 | 153.6 | 148.4 | 189.6 | 136.7 | 131.8 | 104.1 | 73.0 | 1,591.8 |
| Source:Japan Meteorological Agency[4][5] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data forŌgata, Jōetsu, elevation 13 m (43 ft), (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) | 22.7 (72.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.4 (86.7) | 33.4 (92.1) | 37.0 (98.6) | 39.5 (103.1) | 40.0 (104.0) | 39.5 (103.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 27.4 (81.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) | 6.7 (44.1) | 10.1 (50.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 30.0 (86.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 20.8 (69.4) | 15.1 (59.2) | 9.5 (49.1) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 3.0 (37.4) | 5.8 (42.4) | 10.9 (51.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.0 (78.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 16.4 (61.5) | 10.6 (51.1) | 5.5 (41.9) | 13.7 (56.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | −0.6 (30.9) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.2 (43.2) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | 9.9 (49.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.0 (14.0) | −8.0 (17.6) | −6.6 (20.1) | −3.0 (26.6) | 3.2 (37.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 14.2 (57.6) | 8.5 (47.3) | 1.9 (35.4) | −2.1 (28.2) | −7.6 (18.3) | −10.0 (14.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 293.1 (11.54) | 173.4 (6.83) | 143.5 (5.65) | 93.4 (3.68) | 88.4 (3.48) | 140.3 (5.52) | 208.7 (8.22) | 160.7 (6.33) | 187.0 (7.36) | 180.4 (7.10) | 296.0 (11.65) | 358.0 (14.09) | 2,321.7 (91.41) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 25.6 | 20.9 | 18.4 | 13.2 | 10.7 | 11.1 | 13.0 | 10.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 19.2 | 24.9 | 196.2 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 44.3 | 69.6 | 131.1 | 186.5 | 208.7 | 166.8 | 168.5 | 210.4 | 149.8 | 137.0 | 95.6 | 59.7 | 1,639.8 |
| Source:Japan Meteorological Agency[6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data forNō, Jōetsu, elevation 55 m (180 ft), (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) | 22.5 (72.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.8 (91.0) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.9 (98.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 33.5 (92.3) | 26.9 (80.4) | 22.9 (73.2) | 36.9 (98.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 9.6 (49.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 20.2 (68.4) | 14.5 (58.1) | 8.8 (47.8) | 17.3 (63.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 2.1 (35.8) | 4.9 (40.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.9 (75.0) | 25.1 (77.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 15.5 (59.9) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.8 (40.6) | 13.0 (55.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) | −1.1 (30.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | 5.6 (42.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.8 (53.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | 1.6 (34.9) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.3 (18.9) | −8.1 (17.4) | −5.8 (21.6) | −2.2 (28.0) | 2.7 (36.9) | 7.6 (45.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 14.3 (57.7) | 7.8 (46.0) | 2.6 (36.7) | −0.5 (31.1) | −6.1 (21.0) | −8.1 (17.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 387.3 (15.25) | 233.3 (9.19) | 208.1 (8.19) | 136.8 (5.39) | 124.6 (4.91) | 174.3 (6.86) | 243.4 (9.58) | 237.9 (9.37) | 281.9 (11.10) | 293.6 (11.56) | 404.4 (15.92) | 474.4 (18.68) | 3,223.5 (126.91) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 204 (80) | 181 (71) | 62 (24) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 72 (28) | 505 (199) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 83 (33) | 91 (36) | 49 (19) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 30 (12) | 94 (37) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 25.2 | 20.1 | 18.9 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 19.2 | 23.9 | 200.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 3 cm) | 16.4 | 15.7 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 45.5 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 41.3 | 70.3 | 118.9 | 175.2 | 198.5 | 142.7 | 140.0 | 185.8 | 129.2 | 126.9 | 96.7 | 57.2 | 1,478.3 |
| Source:Japan Meteorological Agency[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data forYasuzuka, Jōetsu, elevation 126 m (413 ft), (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) | 19.8 (67.6) | 25.8 (78.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 36.5 (97.7) | 37.6 (99.7) | 37.6 (99.7) | 36.7 (98.1) | 32.9 (91.2) | 26.8 (80.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 37.6 (99.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) | 4.8 (40.6) | 8.6 (47.5) | 15.7 (60.3) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 28.1 (82.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7.3 (45.1) | 17.0 (62.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.2 (37.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 15.5 (59.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | 12.0 (53.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) | −2.9 (26.8) | −1.0 (30.2) | 3.7 (38.7) | 9.8 (49.6) | 15.2 (59.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.7 (69.3) | 16.6 (61.9) | 10.3 (50.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | −0.1 (31.8) | 7.8 (46.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.9 (12.4) | −11.0 (12.2) | −9.0 (15.8) | −4.5 (23.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | 5.4 (41.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 12.8 (55.0) | 6.0 (42.8) | 1.3 (34.3) | −2.6 (27.3) | −8.5 (16.7) | −11.0 (12.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 387.3 (15.25) | 229.5 (9.04) | 172.8 (6.80) | 114.1 (4.49) | 109.3 (4.30) | 150.0 (5.91) | 213.4 (8.40) | 194.0 (7.64) | 202.9 (7.99) | 207.8 (8.18) | 286.5 (11.28) | 411.5 (16.20) | 2,696.3 (106.15) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 293 (115) | 236 (93) | 125 (49) | 13 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 134 (53) | 799 (315) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 141 (56) | 167 (66) | 132 (52) | 40 (16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 60 (24) | 174 (69) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 25.4 | 21.1 | 19.6 | 14.1 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 14.5 | 11.8 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 201.3 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 3 cm) | 19.9 | 17.6 | 13.4 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 9.7 | 62.9 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 42.2 | 61.8 | 107.9 | 163.7 | 193.7 | 142.1 | 136.8 | 181.4 | 129.3 | 126.8 | 101.3 | 61.1 | 1,444.1 |
| Source:Japan Meteorological Agency[10][11] | |||||||||||||
Per Japanese census data,[12] the population of Jōetsu has declined over the past 60 years.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 234,673 | — |
| 1970 | 217,679 | −7.2% |
| 1980 | 216,320 | −0.6% |
| 1990 | 212,248 | −1.9% |
| 2000 | 211,870 | −0.2% |
| 2010 | 203,899 | −3.8% |
| 2020 | 188,047 | −7.8% |
The area of present-day Jōetsu has been inhabited for thousands of years, and the ruins of numerousJōmon period andKofun period settlements, tombs and fortifications have been found. The area was part of ancientEchigo Province, and the location of theNara periodprovincial capital. During theSengoku period, it was the center of the holdings of theUesugi clan and notablyKasugayama Castle was the headquarters of the famed warlordUesugi Kenshin. TheUesugi clan were transferred byToyotomi Hideyoshi toAizu and the area later came under theTakada Domain during theEdo periodTokugawa Shogunate.
In 1614,Matsudaira Tadateru, the 6th son ofTokugawa Ieyasu was assigned to Echigo Province and ordered the construction ofTakada Castle. The domain was later ruled by a number offudai daimyō houses. The lastdaimyō of Takada Domain wasSakakibara Masataka, who sided with the imperial forces in theBoshin War of theMeiji restoration and who subsequently served as imperial governor until theabolition of the han system in 1871 by theMeiji government.
The towns of Takada and Naoetsu were created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Takada was elevated to city status on September 1, 1911 and Naoetsu on June 1, 1954. Takada and Naoetsu merged to form the city of Jōetsu in 1971.
On January 1, 2005, Jōetsu annexed 13 neighbouring municipalities, expanding its area by four times. The municipalities that were annexed into consisted of the following: the town ofYasuzuka, the villages ofMaki,Ōshima andUragawara (all fromHigashikubiki District); the towns ofItakura,Kakizaki,Ōgata andYoshikawa, and the villages ofKiyosato,Kubiki,Nakagō andSanwa (all fromNakakubiki District); and the town of andNadachi (fromNishikubiki District).[13][14] On April 1, 2007, Jōetsu attainedSpecial city status, which gives it greater local autonomy from the prefectural government.
The victory in theRusso-Japanese War in 1905 brought about newfound interest in Japanesemilitary strategy which prompted European powers to send troops to Japan to study new methods of combat. One of the soldiers, anAustro-Hungarian major namedTheodor von Lerch, made a profound difference to the Jōetsu locals as well as the nation itself by introducing the sport ofskiing to Japan. On January 12, 1911, Lerch began his ski training on Mt. Kanaya. The participants consisted of both soldiers and civilians. Lerch taught using the "Stemboggen" method, which involved a single bamboo pole that served a dual purpose as a steering tool and as a brake. With the translation help of theIJA 13th Division commanderGaishi Nagaoka, the Takada Ski Club eventually amassed over 6,000 members in 1912. Soon after, skiing spread across the nation, especially in areas where snow dominated the landscape. It provided a new mode of transportation not only for the military, but for those who were rendered immobile by the seemingly impassible slopes of white. To commemorate his contribution, the Japan Ski Origins Museum was erected on Mt. Kanaya in time to coincide with the 80th anniversary of skiing's inception in Japan.[15]
During World War II, the city of Naoetsu was the site of a POW camp that garnered international focus from the best-selling biography,Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption byLaura Hillenbrand[16] and later, the movie adaptation,"Unbroken" in 2014. The book and movie focus on former Olympic track starLouis Zamperini and the brutal mistreatment of him and his fellow soldiers at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army corporal,Mutsuhiro Watanabe, infamously known as "The Bird". According to the book, Watanabe fled Naoetsu after the Allied forces invaded Japan and was never charged, despite being one of GeneralDouglas MacArthur's top 40 most-wantedwar criminals.
The Naoetsu POW camp also housed over 300 Australian soldiers, 60 of which died from sickness and poor living conditions. In October 1995, fifty years following the end of the war, the Peace Memorial Park and Peace Statues were founded and built by Jōetsu to promote peace and friendship. The following year, the Japan-Australia Society of Jōetsu was established with the purpose of educating future generations and maintaining a lasting relationship with Australian citizens abroad and living throughout Joetsu.[17]
Jōetsu has amayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and aunicameral city legislature of 32 members. The city contributes five members to the Niigata Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of theNiigata at-large district in theupper house of theNational Diet of Japan, andNiigata 6th District in thelower house.
Jōetsu is a regional commercial and industrial centre, with heavy industry concentrated around the port of former Naoetsu, and light manufacturing and commerce around the former Takada area. TheJōetsu Thermal Power Station is an LNG-firedthermal power station operated byJERA in the city.
Jōetsu has 50 public elementary schools and 22 public junior high schools operated by the city government, one public elementary school and one junior high school operated by the national government. The city has eight public high schools, operated by the Niigata Prefectural Board of Education and two private high schools. The prefecture also operates four special education schools.
Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line
Echigo Tokimeki Railway -Myōkō Haneuma Line
Echigo Tokimeki Railway -Nihonkai Hisui Line
Hokuriku Expressway
Jōshin-etsu Expressway
National Route 8
National Route 18
National Route 253
National Route 350
National Route 403
National Route 404
National Route 405
National Route 460
The port of Ogi, onSado Island, can be accessed by ajetfoil that runs 1-3 times a day from March 1 until November 15.
Hunchun,Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,Jilin, China
Lilienfeld, Austria
Pohang,North Gyeongsang, South Korea
Media related toJōetsu, Niigata at Wikimedia Commons| Niigata |
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