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| Iznogoud | |
|---|---|
 Main character with the series logo | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Dargaud, BD'Star, Éditions Tabary |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Genre | Adventure comics |
| Publication date | 1962 |
| No. of issues | 32 |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | René Goscinny |
| Written by | René Goscinny,Jean Tabary |
| Artist(s) | Jean Tabary, Nicolas Tabary, Elric |
Iznogoud (French pronunciation:[iznoɡud]; from "is no good" pronounced with a Frenchaccent) is a Frenchcomics series featuring aneponymous character, created by thecomics writerRené Goscinny andcomics artistJean Tabary. The comic series chronicles the life and times of Iznogoud, theGrand Vizier of theCaliphate of Baghdad at an undefined period. His greatest desire is to replace the Caliph, leading him to repeatedly utter the phrase "I want to be Caliph instead of the Caliph" (dethrone him), a phrase that has been adopted in French and some other European languages to characterize overly ambitious people. Iznogoud is supported by his dimwitted yet faithful servant, Wa'at Alahf (from "what a laugh").
After the death of Goscinny in 1977 Tabary continued with writing the character. The stories have been translated into several languages, including English, and the title has been adapted to animated and live-action film.
So far 30 graphic novels featuring Iznogoud have been published in French, with at least 26 of those published in English and a number of other languages. In 1974-1979, and again since 2021,Iznogoud also ran as a political-satirical newspaper comic,L'Ignoble Iznogoud Commente L'Actualité, with jokes referring directly to French politics and current events.[1] Iznogoud was also adapted into a cartoon series produced bySaban Entertainment, with 52 episodes to its name, again with most of them having been translated to other languages as well.
The series made its debut in theFranco-Belgian comics magazineRecord on 15 January 1962 under the title,Les aventures du Calife Haroun el Poussah.[2] It was eventually recognised that the wicked supporting character ought to be the focus of the strip, and it was renamedIznogoud.[3] In 1968, it resumed serial publication in Goscinny'sPilote magazine.
Goscinny's taste for sharp satirical writing keeps the repetitive format of the stories constantly fresh, making Iznogoud one of the most popular anti-heroes in the French comic strip world. Goscinny's skill with puns, made famous inAstérix, is also evident inIznogoud. Most of the puns in the original French make little sense if translated directly into English, requiring of translators (Anthea Bell andDerek Hockridge in the case of the English translations) to find creative solutions for equivalent puns while still keeping within the spirit of the original text.
When Goscinny died in 1977, Tabary eventually decided to carry on the work himself, just asAlbert Uderzo did withAsterix. While the Goscinny period was characterized by "albums" comprising several short-length tales each, Tabary turned the series in a new direction, by dedicating every new album entirely to a single story, larger and much more detailed, usually revolving around a new unique concept.
In 1987 a game was produced byInfogrames entitledIznogoud.[4] The series was adapted to animated film in 1995 with acartoonTV series, where the caliph is referred to as asultan. A live-actionIznogoud film starringMichaël Youn andJacques Villeret,Iznogoud: Calife à la place du calife, was released in France in February 2005.
The publisherCinebook Ltd is currently publishing English language translations of the books in the Iznogoud series. The first book in the series, "The Wicked Wiles of Iznogoud", was published in March 2008. Further volumes continue to appear at approximately six month intervals. In India, Euro Books published the English versions of 12 Iznogoud titles in 2009.
Iznogoud isGrand Vizier to theCaliph ofBaghdad,Haroun El Poussah (Haroun al Plassid in English, a pun on the historical Caliph,Harun al-Rashid;poussah is roughly translated as "oaf"). His sole aim in life is to overthrow the Caliph and take his place. This is frequently expressed in his famouscatchphrase, "I want to be Caliph instead of the Caliph" (je veux être calife à la place du calife), which has passed into everyday French for qualifying over-ambitious people who want to become chief. Iznogoud is always assisted in his plans by his faithful but dimwitted henchman, Dilat Larath (Wa'at Alahf in English;se dilater la rate meaning "to have a good laugh").
Goscinny and Tabary occasionally make appearances themselves. In one episode, Tabary uses a magical time-travelling closet to help Iznogoud seize the Caliph title. In another episode, Iznogoud gets a magical calendar that lets him travel in time when he rips off its pages. He rips too many and he is transported to the 20th century, inside the studio of Tabary. In another episode, Iznogoud gets a magical drawing paper set that makes anybody or anything drawn on it disappear once the paper is torn apart. Unfortunately, the drawing needs to be realistic, and Iznogoud is a poor artist. In search of an art teacher, he meets Tabary, renamedTabary El-Retard (retard meaning "delay").
There are occasionally "behind-the-scenes" moments, as when Iznogoud travels in a country in a mirror, and all is reversed, including text in balloons. Tabary is shown complaining to Goscinny about going through this frustrating "reversal" work, and even threatens him with a gun, to convince him into making a non-reversed "translated" version. They also appear debating after a contemporary crowd demands that they make Iznogoud caliph.
Other recurring characters include Sultan Pullmankar (Sultan Streetcar in English), the Caliph's neighbour who is described as a touchy man with a powerful army. Iznogoud often tries to provoke Pullmankar to become angry at the Caliph, in order to instigate a war. However, Pullmankar never gets angry with the caliph, only with Iznogoud.
The crew ofRedbeard, another comics series published in Pilote, appears inA Carrot for Iznogoud, as it did in many stories of René Goscinny's most famous creationAsterix.
| Title | Original Publication Date | English Publications |
|---|---|---|
| Iznogoud on Holiday / The Caliph's Vacation | 1968 | Egmont/Methuen - 1977 |
| Dargaud International - 1982 - (US version) | ||
| Cinebook - (Book # 2) August 2008ISBN 978-1-905460-61-8 | ||
| Iznogoud the Infamous | 1969 | Egmont/Methuen - 1977 |
| Cinebook - (Book # 7) March 2011ISBN 978-1-84918-074-0 | ||
| The Wicked Wiles of Iznogoud | 1967 | Egmont/Methuen - 1978 |
| Iznogoud Monthly Comic 1, Phoenix Press Ltd. - March 1996 (includesKismet,Mesmer-eyesed, The Occidental Philtre, andThe Time Machine. ExcludesThe Picnic andChop and Change) | ||
| Iznogoud Monthly Comic 3, Phoenix Press Ltd. - May 1996 (includesThe Picnic andChop and Change) | ||
| Cinebook - (Book # 1) March 2008ISBN 978-1-905460-46-5 | ||
| Iznogoud and the Magic Computer | 1970 | Egmont/Methuen - 1978 |
| Cinebook - (Book # 4) August 2009ISBN 978-1-84918-000-9 | ||
| Iznogoud and the Day of Misrule | 1972 | Egmont - 1979 |
| Cinebook - (Book # 3) March 2009ISBN 978-1-905460-79-3 | ||
| A Carrot for Iznogoud | 1971 | Egmont - 1979 |
| Cinebook - (Book # 5) March 2010ISBN 978-1-84918-021-4 | ||
| Iznogoud Rockets to Stardom | 1969 | Egmont - 1980 |
| Cinebook - (Book # 8) August 2011ISBN 978-1-84918-092-4 | ||
| Iznogoud and the Magic Carpet | 1973 | Egmont - 1980 |
| Iznogoud Monthly Comic 2, Phoenix Press Ltd. - Apr 1996 (IncludesThe Magic Carpet,The Tiger Hunt, andThe Box of Souvenirs. ExcludesIncogneto) | ||
| Iznogoud Monthly Comic 3, Phoenix Press Ltd. - May 1996 (includesIncogneto) | ||
| Cinebook - (Book # 6) August 2010ISBN 978-1-84918-044-3 | ||
| The Grand Vizier Iznogoud | 1966 | Cinebook - (Book # 9) August 2012ISBN 978-1-84918-131-0 |
| Iznogoud the Relentless | 1974 | Cinebook - (Book # 10) July 2013ISBN 978-1-84918-181-5 |
| Iznogoud and the Jigsaw Turk | 1975 | Cinebook - (Book # 11) August 2014 |
| Iznogoud's Fairy Tale | 1976 | Cinebook - (Book # 12) August 2015 |
| I want to be Caliph instead of the Caliph | 1978 | Cinebook - (Book # 13) August 2016 |
| Iznogoud's Nightmares | 1979 | Cinebook - (Book # 14) August 2017 |
| Iznogoud | |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Saban's Iznogoud |
| Genre | Animated comedy |
| Created by | |
| Voices of | |
| Music by |
|
| Opening theme | "Iznogoud" by Alain Garcia and Michel Dax |
| Country of origin | France |
| Original languages | French English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 52 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 11 minutes |
| Production companies |
|
| Original release | |
| Network | France 2 |
| Release | 13 October (1995-10-13) – 16 November 1995 (1995-11-16) |
An animated series based on the comics was produced bySaban International Paris. The series began airing onCanal+ on October 11, 1996, and ran until March 16, 1997, with reruns airing onFrance 2 around that time. Ownership of the series passed toDisney in 2001 when Disney acquiredFox Kids Worldwide, which also includesSaban Entertainment; however, it never aired in the United States and the series is not available onDisney+.[5][6][7]
| # | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Hideaway Bed | Iznogoud purchases aChippendale styled magic Hideaway Bed hoping to make the Sultan vanish, but the plan is interrupted by a visit from a foreign ambassador and a drink of Turkish coffee. In the end, it is Iznogoud who lies down on the bed and vanishes. |
| 2 | Hat's Off! | Iznogoud seeks an opportunity at a party in the Sultan's honour to make the Sultan look like a lunatic with a loony hat, but his plan is waylaid by the party show. Inevitably, Iznogoud ends up wearing the hat himself and going insane. |
| 3 | The Magic Catalogue | The Wizard Avaz repays Iznogoud with a magic catalogue capable of getting three objects from the future. Iznogoud misses out on the dangerous weapons and instead orders three useless items. |
| 4 | Hopping Back to the Future | Iznogoud hires the Wizard De Jacqual to scrawl a hop scotch which would age regress the Sultan, but so many people go on the hop scotch turning into squabbling children, including Iznogoud himself. |
| 5 | Iznogoud's Unlucky Star | Iznogoud gets his hands on a rocket ship and tries to launch the Sultan into space, but the moody rocket ship does not blast off. Iznogoud, devastated, puts the rocket away into storage. But one day it blasts off, tears through the royal palace, and takes Iznogoud with it. |
| 6 | Iznogoud's Student | Sultan Streetcar sends his son, Prince Sidecar, to Iznogoud's in order to give him an education. Iznogoud decides to make his pupil's life miserable so that he will complain to his father, who in turn will wage a war that will depose the Sultan. Sidecar foils this plan with a genie who answers all of Iznogoud's questions correctly, but when Iznogoud mentions wanting to be Sultan instead of the Sultan, Sidecar is intrigued, and Iznogoud teaches him all about overthrowing a ruler. After Prince Sidecar leaves, the furious Sultan Streetcar shows up a few days later after Iznogoud's head - his son has overthrown him! |
| 7 | Big Eyes | Iznogoud hires hypnotist De Giallo to persuade the Sultan that he is a donkey, but the spell is repeatedly broken by people clapping. De Giallo, tired of waiting for his payment, convinces Iznogoud he's a deaf rattlesnake, so that clapping can't snap him out of it. |
| 8 | The Time Machine | Adulahf finds a scientist lost in time and Iznogoud gets him to build a time machine to put the Sultan in the past. Iznogoud and Adulahf tangle with a cave man and get trapped in the past after the scientist suddenly returns to his own time. |
| 9 | Croaking the Night Away | Iznogoud meets a prince who has been transformed into a frog; if a human kisses the frog, the frog is restored to human form while the kisser becomes a frog, while if the frog kisses a human, the human becomes a frog and the frog doesn't change. Iznogoud gets the Sultan to kiss the transformed prince, who then tries to take over the throne himself, but Iznogoud thwarts his plan by getting himself and the prince turned into frogs. |
| 10 | One for the Road | Iznogoud gets a disgusting green liquid to turn the Sultan into a woodlouse. He manages to trick the Sultan into repeatedly drinking the stuff, but when he faints, the Sultan gives him the last drop, and he turns into a woodlouse instead. |
| 11 | State Visit | Iznogoud accompanies the Sultan on a visit to Sultan Streetcar trying to start a scandal. When his attempts fail, he tries again when Sultan Streetcar makes a reciprocal state visit, but gets into trouble of his own. |
| 12 | The Mysterious Poster Hanger | Iznogoud tries to dispose of the Sultan in a poster that traps those who step inside. Iznogoud gets trapped along with Adulahf with no way out, while the Sultan is able to escape through a second poster unnoticed by Iznogoud. |
| 13 | The Pic-Nic | Iznogoud convinces the Sultan to join him in a picnic in hopes the Sultan will dehydrate. Whenever Iznogoud volunteers to get back to the palace to pick up some water he "forgot", someone appears selling some. The plan ultimately fails when it rains. |
| 14 | The Sultan's Double | Iznogoud is introduced to a merchant who looks like the Sultan (apart from a black eye Adulahf gave him). Fortunately, whenever Iznogoud tries to replace the Sultan with the look-alike, the Sultan has changed something about his looks, and when they finally do look identical, they meet and bond over their shared love ofpétanque. Then the merchant's partner comes looking for him - and he looks exactly like Iznogoud! |
| 15 | The Western Potion | Iznogoud buys a potion that makes its drinkers so light they float away, but it must be drunk while hot; when cold, it has no effect, and when tepid, it merely causes hiccups. The Sultan lets his first cup go cold and blows on his second cup to cool it, so that when he and Iznogoud are set upon by bandits, it only remains hot for long enough for the Sultan to float away back to the palace, while the hiccuping vizier is captured. |
| 16 | The Genie | Iznogoud buys a magic pair of slippers that contains a genie, but keeps losing track of the slippers among dozens of identical pairs, so that he is the one who ends up transformed by the genie's magic when the Sultan mentions wanting him to be a star (at that night's party). |
| 17 | Goldfingers | Iznogoud requests Karat of the Black Mountains to come with him and turn the Sultan into a gold plated statue, but the plan backfires and gets Iznogoud turned into a statue. |
| 18 | Incognito | Iznogoud makes the sultan look like a tyrant in the city and lures him outside dressed as a beggar to overthrow him. Instead the Sultan changes the laws to suit the people and Iznogoud is arrested. |
| 19 | It's a Dog's Tune | A Chinese wizard sells Iznogoud a magic flute; one tune changes the listener into a dog, another changes them back. Iznogoud first uses the flute to turn the wizard and half of Baghdad into dogs, but when he is in front of the sultan, he forgets the tune. Ultimately, he is the one who is turned into a dog. |
| 20 | A Wonderful Machine | A magic salesman sells Iznogoud a magical device known as a "computer" that can answer any question. The vizier asks it how to become Sultan instead of the Sultan, while trying to delay the signing of a marriage contract between the Sultan's 37th son and Sultan Streetcar's 42nd daughter until he can get an answer. But the computer has no answer for him, and the signing goes ahead as planned. |
| 21 | The Curse of the Diamond | Iznogoud obtains a cursed diamond from a beggar to give to the Sultan as a birthday present, but the diamond's curse falls hard upon Iznogoud the moment he touches it. |
| 22 | Close Encounters of an Odd Kind | Iznogoud is met by an alien exploration team whom he hopes will dispose of the sultan with their zapper pistol, only to get zapped himself. |
| 23 | The Challenge | Iznogoud proposes a strong dimwitted porter to challenge the Sultan to a duel which would make Iznogoud the sultan if the Sultan is the loser (while the winner will be executed for attacking the Sultan). But as the fight begins, the Sultan unwittingly breaks a transformation spell on the porter, revealing "him" to be the long lost daughter of Sultan Streetcar, who is furious to discover that Iznogoud nearly got his daughter executed. |
| 24 | Slip Sliding in the Sultanate | Iznogoud seeks the help of the Magic Weatherman to produce snow to freeze the Sultan. Before Iznogoud can cause an avalanche on the Sultan the Magic Weatherman melts all the snow. |
| 25 | The Crazy Cruise | Iznogoud gets the Sultan to board the ship of an unlucky sailor, but he and Adulahf also come on the voyage. The trip from one island to another is ridiculous till Iznogoud turns into a seashell. |
| 26 | Watch Out! There's a Fly About | A group of Indians arrive to bring a gift to the Sultan. They give to Iznogoud a fly that stings its victim to a long sleep. The fly escapes and ends up as the Sultan's pet. |
| 27 | Giant's Island | A sailor named Cimbal tells Iznogoud of an island with giants, where Iznogoud hopes to dispose of the Sultan. The two giants send the Sultan back home and use Iznogoud and Adulahf as chess pieces. |
| 28 | Tall Tales | A strange man called Telltale, who can literally sniff out scandal wherever he goes, offers his services to Iznogoud. When he cannot sniff any scandal involving the Sultan, Iznogoud persuades him to plant a fake story about the Sultan having a forsaken child. Hundreds of people show up claiming to be the Sultan's child, and the Sultan adopts them all and ruins Iznogoud's plan. |
| 29 | Elections in the Sultanate | Today is election day and Iznogoud intends to become sultan with the help of Smart Alec the magician and a support team, but a rival group led by the yogi Iron-Nail are opposing. A revolt ruins Iznogoud's plans altogether. |
| 30 | The Wax Museum | Iznogoud visits a wax museum and persuades the owner to make some wax assassins alive to get the Sultan, but he has until 7 o'clock to do so. The assassins are uncooperative and Iznogoud fails to meet the deadline. |
| 31 | The Genie of the Mirror | A mirror genie called Inside-Out takes Iznogoud to a world where everything is the opposite. Iznogoud enjoys his stay until he realises the opposites are more against him than with him. |
| 32 | The Memory Potion | Iznogoud gets from a charm merchant a memory potion which requires the victim to smell it. Iznogoud's attempt to erase the Sultan's memory makes other people amnesiac and eventually himself. |
| 33 | Sweet Dreams | Iznogoud buys a magic amulet that makes the wearer's dreams come true, but none of the surreal dreams he has involve becoming Sultan instead of the Sultan. His henchman Adulahf has better luck when he puts on the amulet and finds himself Sultan. |
| 34 | A Fairy Tale | Iznogoud encounters an apprentice fairy and asks her to use her magic to turn him into the Sultan. Unfortunately, she turns the Sultan into a clone of Iznogoud instead, and then turns both Iznogouds back into Sultans. Her attempts to fix things just make them worse, until finally Iznogoud is cloned and turned into a pair of clothes irons. |
| 35 | Musical Chairs | A magician shows Iznogoud a magic bowl; when two people drink from it, they switch bodies. Iznogoud uses the bowl to switch bodies with the Sultan, whom he promptly imprisons, but his tyrannical rule leads him to be overthrown and replaced by the grand vizier (the Sultan in Iznogoud's body). |
| 36 | The Magic Puzzle | A joke shop owner sells Iznogoud a magic jigsaw puzzle which, when the last piece is put in, causes the object of the puzzler's thoughts to disintegrate into 10,000 pieces. However, a piece is missing, forcing Iznogoud to get a new one from the factory. Then the joke shop owner finds the original missing piece and delivers it to the Sultan, who says he's always thinking of Iznogoud as he puts the piece in and causes the vizier to disintegrate. |
| 37 | In the Summertime | Iznogoud drags the Sultan on a vacation to a seaside resort, where he tries various ways to get rid of him: swimming in shark-infested waters, burying him in the sand, sending him out in a boat in a storm. His attempts all fail, leaving him a nervous wreck whom the Sultan's doctor declares in need of a vacation. |
| 38 | The Sultan's Sceptre | The Sultan gets his power from a magic sceptre that he must retrieve and present to the people once a year; if he fails, he is executed. Iznogoud fetches a thief from the local jail to steal the sceptre. The thief reads through a dictionary to find the password to open the sceptre's chamber, but after stealing the sceptre, they accidentally leave the dictionary behind and, as they go back to retrieve the evidence of their crime, the ever unaware Sultan takes the sceptre. The thief leaves Iznogoud and Adulahf trapped in the chamber, unable to remember the password to get out. |
| 39 | The Sheikh's Potion | Iznogoud buys from Traveller Sheikh a potion to shrink the Sultan. His attempts get other things and people shrunk and finally himself. |
| 40 | Nuts' Day | On Nuts' Day, authorities and servants switch places, meaning Iznogoud is Sultan for a day, but his attempts to make the change permanent by enlisting help from a genie, Sultan Streetcar, and the local people all fail, and when the day ends, he is arrested as a runaway slave. |
| 41 | The Sultan's Portrait | Iznogoud buys a magic pencil and paper that will make anyone drawn on it disappear when the paper is torn in half. Unfortunately, his art skills are not good enough to trigger the spell until he takes art classes, and when he finally does produce a realistic portrait of the Sultan and tears it in half, he is unaware that his teacher has sketched him on the other side of the page. |
| 42 | The Mysterious Ointment | The sailor Iznotsobad brings Iznogoud a tube of toothpaste, an invention as yet unknown in the sultanate, that he (falsely) claims contains an undetectable poison. The grand vizier's attempts to get the Sultan to brush his teeth with it end with Iznogoud himself covered in the contents of the tube. |
| 43 | Iznogoud's Nest Eggs | A poor fisherman discovers an ostrich that lays golden eggs when sung a song, and Iznogoud plans to use the eggs to fund a mercenary campaign to overthrow the Sultan. However, his singing is so bad that it produces fool's gold eggs instead, and he is imprisoned for trying to scam the mercenary leader. |
| 44 | The Road to Nowhere | Iznogoud and Adulahf are riding out by camel when they meet a workman at a crossroads who claims he is responsible for maintaining a road to nowhere. The vizier, his henchman, and their camel head back to Baghdad to fetch the Sultan and send him on the road to get rid of him, only to discover they have taken the road to nowhere after a strange journey that leads them back to the crossroads. |
| 45 | The Invisible Threat | Iznogoud learns a magic spell that will turn its target invisible and tests it on Adulahf, but the target must hold still for the spell to work, repeatedly foiling Iznogoud's attempts to use it on the Sultan. When he tries to teach the spell to the invisible Adulahf to use against the Sultan, Adulahf turns Iznogoud invisible instead. |
| 46 | The Magic Carpet | An Indian fakir teaches Iznogoud a magic spell to send any carpet on a one-way journey to China, but Iznogoud keeps getting the spell wrong. Inevitably, he is the one who ends up going on a one-way carpet trip to China. |
| 47 | Magic Memories | A Japanese tourist sells Iznogoud a magic camera that traps people and things in its photographs. When Iznogoud tries to use it on the Sultan, he keeps trapping other people and things instead, culminating in trapping himself after accidentally taking a picture of his own reflection. |
| 48 | Souvenir's Island | While shopping for a gift for the Sultan's birthday, Iznogoud offends a vendor with his miserly haggling, so the vendor tricks him into listening to a seashell that sends him to an island of kitschy tourist souvenirs. The vizier and Adulahf end up trapped in a snow globe which the vendor presents to the Sultan. |
| 49 | The Maze | Iznogoud tries to trap the Sultan in a carnival maze in which all who enter get hopelessly lost, but the Sultan finds his way out after stepping in some paint and following his footprints back out. Iznogoud cleans up the footprints for another attempt and gets lost in the maze himself. |
| 50 | Mean Genie | Iznogoud enlists the services of a genie who can dissolve anyone who touches the water in which he lives, and he and Adulahf transport him by bucket back to Baghdad. However, a series of incidents reduces the amount of water available to a thimbleful, which Iznogoud touches when he prepares to mend a tear in his clothes. |
| 51 | The Tiger Hunter | Iznogoud takes the Sultan on a tiger hunt and tricks him into acting as bait in various traps. However, the traps fail to work as planned, and eventually Iznogoud and Adulahf end up stuck in a pit with a tiger while the Sultan returns home. |
| 52 | A Hairy Statuette | During the visit of an African king, Iznogoud buys a voodoo doll from the king's sorcerer that requires a hair of the intended victim to work. Inevitably, Iznogoud's attempts to get one of the Sultan's hairs all fail, and it is his own hair that ends up in the doll when it is thrown high into the air and falls to the ground. |
Notably, the character has also made his mark on French popular culture and public life. Wanting to become "Caliph in the Caliph's place" has become a popular expression in French, describing people perceived as over-ambitious. ThePrix Iznogoud (Iznogoud Award) was created in 1992 and is given each year to "a personality who failed to take the Caliph's place", chosen among prominent French figures who have recently known spectacular failures. The award has been given to various personalities, amongst themÉdouard Balladur (1995),Nicolas Sarkozy (1999) andJean-Marie Messier (2002). The jury is headed by politicianAndré Santini, who gave the award to himself after failing to become president of theÎle-de-France in the2004 regional elections.
