| Ivinghoe | |
|---|---|
| Town and civil parish | |
 Ivinghoe | |
  Ivinghoe Location withinBuckinghamshire | |
| Population | 965 (2011)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SP946162 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LEIGHTON BUZZARD |
| Postcode district | LU7 |
| Dialling code | 01296 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Buckinghamshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| UK Parliament | |
| |
Ivinghoe is a town andcivil parish in eastBuckinghamshire, England, close to the borders withHertfordshire andBedfordshire. It is 33 miles (53 kilometres) northwest ofLondon, 4 mi (6 km) north ofTring and 6 mi (10 km) south ofLeighton Buzzard, close to the village ofPitstone.
The town name isAnglo-Saxon in origin, and means 'Ifa's hill-spur'. The same name is found in Ivington (He) and its strong form in Iveston and Ivesley (Du).[3] The term "hoh" ('projecting ridge of land, a promontory' similar to German Höhe) refers probably toIvinghoe Beacon.Allen Mawer notes that Ivinghoe is located "at the base of a considerable spur of land jutting out from the main range of theChilterns".[4]In theDomesday Book of 1086 it was recorded asEvinghehou.[5]Other forms: Iuingeho, Hythingho, Yvyngho (xii–xiii cent.); Ivanhoe (xvii cent.)[6]
Ivanhoe is an alternative form of Ivinghoe.[6] It is the inspiration for the title ofWalter Scott's most famous novel. Ivanhoe is the feudal title of Wilfred of Ivanhoe. In the novel,Richard Coeur de Lion gives Wilfred the investiture of the Lordship of the Manor (Fief) of Ivanhoe.
Scott took the name from an old rhyme (Tring, Wing and Ivanhoe, For striking of a blow, Hampden did forego, And glad he could escape so ..”).The form "Ivanhoe" is recorded in the Hertfordshire county sessions records for 1665. Until the creation of the Ordnance Survey in the mid 19th century many place names remained uncertain and varied. They often depended on local use and how they might have been written in various documents over time. Prof. Paul Kerswill (a linguistics specialist) writes in a private letter to Dr. Marco Paret (Lord of the Manor of Ivinghoe),[7] that "it is very likely that older, rural people in the Ivinghoe area would have pronounced the name in the same way as Ivanhoe, also dropping the h. Something like 'ivanoe'. the suffix -ing is pronounced 'in' in most dialects in the English-speaking world - and has been for many centuries." Sir Walter Scott most likely knew Ivinghoe directly. He stayed at “Stocks" in Berkhamsted for a short time. Berkhamsted is 8 miles (13 kilometres) from Ivinghoe.[8]
Ivinghoe is situated within theChiltern Hills, on the edge of the Chilterns'Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[9]Ivinghoe is an important point on theIcknield Way, joining the Upper Icknield and Lower Icknield together. The Icknield Way is claimed to be the oldest road in Britain, dating back to the Celtic period, though this has been disputed.[10][11][12][13][14] Today the village is known as a starting point onThe Ridgeway, a popular route for hikers and cyclists which uses part of the Icknield Way, running for 87 miles (140 kilometres) toOverton Hill inWiltshire.
Ivinghoe Aston is ahamlet within theparish of Ivinghoe. Its name refers to a farm to the east of the town. The hamlet has four farms, several houses and apublic house,The Village Swan, which was bought by local residents in 1997.[15]
A small stream calledWhistle Brook flows down through the hamlet, from the Chilterns above, to join theRiver Ouzel at nearbySlapton.
Other hamlets close to Ivinghoe are Ford End andGreat Gap.
TheChurch of St Mary the Virgin, Ivinghoe dates from 1220 but was set on fire in 1234 in an act of spite against the localBishop. The church was rebuilt in 1241.
The town has some fine examples ofTudor architecture, particularly around thevillage green, with 28 buildings marked as listed or significant.[9]
Ivinghoe Beacon, near the town, is an ancientbeacon, or signal point, which was used in times of crisis to send messages across the country and is now popular with walkers who just want to get exercise and see the view. It is used as a site for flying model aeroplanes. The hill is the site of an earlyIron Agehill fort which, during excavations in the 1960s, was identified from bronzework finds to date back to the Bronze-Iron transition period between 800 and 700 BC. Like many other similar hill forts in theChilterns it is thought to have been occupied for only a short period, possibly less than one generation.
Nearby isPitstone Windmill, the oldest windmill in Britain that can be dated, which is owned by theNational Trust.[16]
The population of Ivinghoe in 1841 was 740.[17]
The manor of Ivinghoe belonged before theNorman Conquest to the demesne of the church of St Peter of Winchester, and at the time of the Domesday Survey it was still held by the bishop, being assessed for 20 hides and valued at £18. It is listed in theDomesday Book of 1086 as “Evinghehou”.
Succeeding bishops held the manor until the reign ofHenry VIII. Lords includedWilliam Giffard,Henry of Blois,Godfrey de Luci,John Gervais,Nicholas of Ely,John of Pontoise,John de Stratford, CardinalHenry Beaufort,William Waynflete, andRichard Foxe. In 1531 William Cholmeley was appointed to be bailiff of Ivinghoe, which had come into the king's hands by the forfeiture of CardinalThomas Wolsey, who was BoBishop of Winchester. It was, however, restored to the bishopric almost at once to BishopStephen Gardiner, and so remained until in 1551, when John Poynet, bishop, surrendered it to the King. In the following month Edward VI made a grant in fee of the manor to SirJohn Mason (diplomat), kt., and Elizabeth his wife.
After the death ofEdward VI and the flight of Poynet, Ivinghoe, with other episcopal manors, was regranted to the see of Winchester, but was again taken by the Crown at the accession of Elizabeth, the grant to Mason apparently holding good, passing to his son Anthony.
The Egerton Family and Ivinghoe
Anthony Mason held the manor in 1582 and in 1586 alienated the manor to Charles Glenham who sold it in 1589 to Lady Jane Cheyne, widow of Henry Lord Cheyne. In 1603 she conveyed the manor to Ralph Crewe, Thomas Chamberlayn and Richard Cartwright, trustees for the Egertons, and SirThomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley, and SirJohn Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater, his son and heir, received Ivinghoe from the trustees in 1604.
Lord Ellesmere, who also bore the title of Viscount Brackley, died seised of the manor in 1617. In the same year his son was created Earl of Bridgewater and the manor descended with this title until the latter became extinct in 1829.
By the will of the seventh earl, who died in 1823, the estates were then held by his widow until her death in 1849, when they devolved upon his great-nephewJohn Egerton, Viscount Alford, father of the second Earl Brownlow, from whom the title and lands descended to the Barons Brownlow. The sixth Baron, notably served as aLord-in-waiting to thePrince of Wales (laterKing Edward VIII), as Mayor ofGrantham, asParliamentary Private Secretary to theMinister of Aircraft ProductionLord Beaverbrook and asLord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire. As of 2017[update] the titles are held by his son, the seventh Baron, who succeeded in 1978. Edward John Peregrine Cust (b.1936), CStJ, seventh Baron Brownlow, is the immediate past Lord of the Manor of Ivinghoe. He married Shirlie Edith Yeomans (b.1937), daughter of John Paske Yeomans and Marguerite Watkins, on 31 December 1964. The seventh Baron Brownlow is the last of the direct Egerton line to have hold the Manor of Ivinghoe. Actual Lord of the Manor is Dr. Marco Paret that succeeded to an Egerton descendent. The Lord of the Manor has still the right to hold the customary Courts Baron and Court Leet as permitted by Administration of Justice Act 1977.[18]
Scenes for feature films, such asQuatermass 2,Batman Begins,Maleficent,The Dirty Dozen,Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film),Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker as well as theBBC America productionKilling Eve, have been shot at Ivinghoe Beacon.[19] Director Raymond Austin filmed the 1960s-1970's TV showsThe Avengers,The New Avengers andThe Saint in and around the village,[20] which once also served as a set for the children's TV seriesChuckleVision. The opening scene inWicked, set inMunchkinland, was also shot there.[21]
Brookmead School is a mixed,foundationprimary school in Ivinghoe. It takes children from the ages of four to eleven. The school has about 300 pupils.[22]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
