Ivanjica Ивањица (Serbian) | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
   Clockwise, from top:Town panorama, "Stone Bridge", town center promenade | |
 Seal | |
| Etymology:Saint John's Eve (Serbian:Ивањдан) | |
  Ivanjica Location within Serbia Show map of Serbia Ivanjica Location within Europe Show map of Europe | |
| Coordinates:43°34′52″N20°13′47″E / 43.58111°N 20.22972°E /43.58111; 20.22972 | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Region | Šumadija and Western Serbia |
| District | Moravica |
| Settlements | 49 |
| Village status | 1833 |
| Town status | 16 June 1866 (1866-06-16) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Momčilo Mitrović (SNS) |
| Area | |
| • Rank | 8th in Serbia |
| • Town | 3.68 km2 (1.42 sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 1,089.70 km2 (420.74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 468 m (1,535 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Jankov Kamen peak) | 1,833 m (6,014 ft) |
| Population (2022)[2] | |
| • Rank | 50th in Serbia |
| • Municipality | 27,751 |
| • Municipality density | 25.467/km2 (65.958/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 32250 32251 32252 32253 32254 32255 32256 32258 32259 |
| Area code | +381(0)32 |
| Vehicle registration | IC |
| Website | www |
Ivanjica (Serbian Cyrillic:Ивањица,pronounced[ǐʋaɲitsa]) is a town and municipality located in theMoravica District of southwestern Serbia. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 27,767 inhabitants.[3] With an area of 1090 km2, it is the eighth largest municipality in Serbia.
Situated in the valley ofMoravica river, Ivanjica has a predominantly hilly and mountainous terrain. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges ofGolija,Javor,Mučanj,Čemerno andRadočelo. Ivanjica is known for cultural eventNušićijada which is taking place in the town annually.
Following theSerbian Revolution which took place in early 19th century, and Serbian liberation from theOttoman Empire, Ivanjica has gained the status of village in 1833, after the Prince of Serbia,Miloš Obrenović took the area.[4] In 1836,Orthodox church was built in town centre. Ivanjica got the status of a town on 16 June 1866 through the PrinceMihailo Obrenović's decree, thus becoming one of the first towns in the region.[5]
With the 1878Congress of Berlin recognition of the independence of Principality of Serbia,King Milan I founded theKingdom of Serbia. In 1918,Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed, following theWorld War I. From 1929 until the beginning of theWorld War II, Ivanjica was part ofDrina Banovina. In August and October 1941 it was briefly captured and held by forces ofPećanac Chetniks commanded byBožidar Ćosović.[6][7]
With the end of World War II, Ivanjica was part of Užice Oblast. At the time, Ivanjica was the administrative center of so-calledMoravica County (Serbian Cyrillic:Моравички срез). That changed in 1963 following the adoption of the1963 Yugoslav Constitution, when counties were replaced with regions and municipalities, thus creating the municipality of Ivanjica, as a part of Užice District.[5] Since the founding, Ivanjica's population mostly lived in the rural areas, with only 1,532 (4.04%) living in the town, as of 1948. That began to change with the period ofindustrialisation which hit Ivanjica during the 1960s. That caused the rural population to move to the urban areas of municipality. Until the 1990s urban population made up to 31% of total municipality's population.
Following theGovernment of SerbiaEnactment of 29 January 1992, Ivanjica became part ofMoravica District, with the administrative center inČačak, thus becoming more connected to the region.[5] In 2003, a monument ofDraža Mihailović, formerChetniks leader who was born in Ivanjica, was set in town center on his 110th birth anniversary.[8]
Today, Ivanjica is a modern little town and the municipality with around 27,700 citizens. Its economy and development are based on agriculture, lumber industry and tourism.[9]
Ivanjica lies in the southwest of Serbia, at the bank of theMoravica river. It is surrounded by the mountain ranges ofGolija,Javor,Mučanj,Čemerno andRadočelo and is in a valley. Ivanjica's highest elevation is 1833 m, at theJankov Kamen peak ofGolija. The mountains in this area belong to theDinaric range. The local environment includes forests and clearings, pastures, springs and rivers, wild fruit, 'medicinal' herbs and various game.[citation needed]
The river system of the municipality and its neighborhood is made up of clear fast-flowing mountain rivers: the Moravica, the Studenica and the Nošnica which, together with their tributaries, curve down the Moravica mountains. There are and two small lakes:Nebeska Suza and Tičar Lake.[10]
Ivanjica has ahumid continental climate (Köppen climate classification:Dfb), that's very close to anoceanic climate (Köppen climate classification:Cfb).
| Climate data for Ivanjica | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) | 6.1 (43.0) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.1 (59.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 23.3 (73.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 9.5 (49.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 15.4 (59.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) | 2.5 (36.5) | 6.5 (43.7) | 9.8 (49.6) | 14.3 (57.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 11.9 (53.4) | 5.8 (42.4) | 2.2 (36.0) | 10.6 (51.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) | −1.5 (29.3) | 1.6 (34.9) | 5.1 (41.2) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 13.5 (56.3) | 10.3 (50.5) | 6.8 (44.2) | 2.1 (35.8) | −0.9 (30.4) | 5.7 (42.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 66 (2.6) | 59 (2.3) | 62 (2.4) | 72 (2.8) | 95 (3.7) | 88 (3.5) | 78 (3.1) | 67 (2.6) | 69 (2.7) | 75 (3.0) | 85 (3.3) | 77 (3.0) | 893 (35) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[11] | |||||||||||||
Aside from the town of Ivanjica, the municipality of Ivanjica includes the following 48 settlements:
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 37,891 | — |
| 1953 | 40,258 | +1.22% |
| 1961 | 40,526 | +0.08% |
| 1971 | 39,233 | −0.32% |
| 1981 | 37,887 | −0.35% |
| 1991 | 36,686 | −0.32% |
| 2002 | 35,445 | −0.31% |
| 2011 | 31,963 | −1.14% |
| 2022 | 27,767 | −1.27% |
| Source:[12][3] | ||
According to the latest official census done in 2011, the municipality of Ivanjica had 31,963 inhabitants. About 36.7% of the municipality's population is living in town of Ivanjica. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 27,767 inhabitants.[3]
Population density of the municipality is 25 inhabitants per square kilometer. There is a trend of population decline since the 1960s. The reasons for this trend are bad economic conditions in Serbia, negative natural increase rate and majority of the older population. Depopulation is typical for villages because of the migrations to urban and other areas. The municipality of Ivanjica has 10,388 households with 3,03 members on average, while the number of homes is 13,469.[13]
Religion structure in the municipality of Ivanjica is predominantlySerbian Orthodox (31,541), with minorities likeAtheists (26),Catholics (22),Muslims (15) and others.[14] Most of the population speaksSerbian language (31,658).[14]
The composition of population by gender and average age:[14]
The total of 11,595 citizens havesecondary education (36.3%), while the 2,167 citizens havehigher education (6.8%). Of those with higher education, 1,182 (3.7%) have university education.[15]
Most of Ivanjica's population is of Serbian nationality (92.69%). The ethnic composition of the municipality:
| Ethnic group | Population 1931[16] | Population 1948[17] | Population 1953[18] | Population 1961[19] | Population 1971[20] | Population 1981[21] | Population 1991[22] | Population 2002[23] | Population 2011[24] | Population 2022[25] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serbs | - | 32,597 | 36,154 | 34,161 | 38,919 | 37,331 | 36,111 | 35,021 | 31,507 | 25,723 |
| Romani | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 33 | 29 | 27 |
| Montenegrins | - | 19 | 69 | 41 | 65 | 79 | 134 | 68 | 24 | 20 |
| Albanians | - | - | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | - | - | 13 | 10 |
| Yugoslavs | - | - | 2 | 1 | 20 | 265 | 245 | 32 | 7 | 9 |
| Macedonians | - | 8 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 21 | - | 12 | 13 | 8 |
| Gorani | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Muslims | - | 1 | - | 3 | 12 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 4 |
| Croats | - | 13 | 43 | 11 | 12 | 24 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 3 |
| Others | - | 159 | 29 | 47 | 174 | 136 | 286 | 257 | 346 | 1,947 |
| Total | 24,820 | 32,797 | 36,320 | 34,291 | 39,233 | 37,887 | 36,686 | 35,445 | 31,963 | 27,751 |
The Old Bazaar (Stara čaršija) is located in the center of the town and was declared an immovable cultural heritage of great importance in 1987.[26][clarification needed] The center of the town, especially the main street, Milinka Kušića, retains its original appearance dating back to the middle of the 19th century. Most of the structures were built after the Great Fire in 1846, which burned the town to the ground and was stopped after some houses where blown up to prevent the spread of fire.[27] The Old Bazaar was used for a decades as backdrop for movies and TV shows in the golden-age ofYugoslavian cinematography. Promotion of the Old Bazaar as a place for making films started withSoja Jovanović making the first version ofBranislav Nušić'sSumnjivo lice, in the 1950s. LaterZdravko Šotra made the TV showViše od igre,[28] and after that, the moviesSok od šljiva andUžička republika. The 19th century ambiance of the area was desirable for these films, and Ivanjica was named "Little Hollywood".[29]
There are several cultural monuments in the area of the Old Bazaar:
The main cultural institutions in the area include the Ivanjica Culture Centre and the Svetislav Vulović Library.
Some of cultural events are: Hunters' Fair and Wolf Hunt, Parade of Folk Creative Work - Sounds of Golija, Motorcycle Meetings in Ivanjica, Most Beautiful Love Poem Competition, If May Were All the Time, Parade of Reciters and others.
In 2010, cultural eventNušićijada was renewed by initiative of citizen organization "KudeS" from Ivanjica.[31]
The beginnings of the development of tourism in Ivanjica municipality are connected with the 1930s when Ivanjica was proclaimed to be a spa and a climatic place.[32]
Tourists visiting the Ivanjica municipality are drawn by its natural and cultural resources, history and tradition, the identity of numerous sites and the cordiality of Ivanjica's hosts.[original research?] Ivanjica has a number of tourism sites, including those supporting sports, hunting and fishing, excursion, congress, festival and event tourism.[citation needed] This municipality was proclaimed to be the first air spa in Serbia in January 2000,[32] whileGolija Mountain isBiosphere reserve under theUNESCO protection.[33] The municipality has around 1000 beds in classified facilities and around 200 beds in village households, in the town and in the suburbs.
In 1978, theInstitute for Specialized Rehabilitation was opened and it operates as a state institution which has both medical and tourist character. Its core activity is medical rehabilitation and provision of services based on recreational medical tourism.[34][32] Air spa of Ivanjica spreads on 2,165 hectares with 7 hectares belonging to the Institute for Specialized Rehabilitation.
Ivanjica also has several transport links to theSerbian Orthodox Church monasteries ofPridvorica (25 km),Kovilje (28 km) andStudenica (41 km).
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The municipality of Ivanjica, with a total area of 1090 km2, has 49.54% under forests, 47% of arable land and only 3.40% of non-arable land.[35] The economy of Ivanjica municipality is typified by the processing industry, lumber processing, production of textile products and production of raspberry, blackberry and potato.
As of 2012, Ivanjica has a total of 7,728 registered agricultural entities (farmsteads).[36] The municipality has large potato and raspberry plantations in which many locals are employed. With 1,800 hectares of raspberry plantations (as of 2017), together with neighboring municipality ofArilje, Ivanjica is the biggest producer of raspberries in Serbia.[37] With 1,000 hectares, potato plantations are the second most cultivated culture in Ivanjica.[38]
During the 1960s many large textile enterprises were opened in Ivanjica, but their production was severely hit during the 1990sinternational sanctions on FR Yugoslavia.
In 1988, Ivanjica had 11,300 employed people (on 37,887 inhabitants), of which 7,100 were employed in processing industry and mining sectors.[39] In 2017, it had 7,471 employed people (on 31,963 inhabitants), of which 2,991 were employed in processing industry and mining sectors.[36]
Ivanjica belongs to group of economically underdeveloped part of Serbia, with the level of GDP in the range of 60% to 80% of the national average.[40] Coverage of imports by exports is 92%. There are 362 active enterprises in the municipality of Ivanjica. Small enterprises make 95% of the total number of enterprises.[41]
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):[42]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 361 |
| Mining and quarrying | - |
| Manufacturing | 3,278 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 40 |
| Distribution of water and water waste management | 82 |
| Construction | 548 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 973 |
| Transportation and storage | 598 |
| Accommodation and food services | 358 |
| Information and communication | 104 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 71 |
| Real estate activities | 14 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 239 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 61 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 285 |
| Education | 482 |
| Human health and social work activities | 456 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 114 |
| Other service activities | 262 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 307 |
| Total | 8,634 |
The municipality of Ivanjica has 84.47 kilometers ofstate roads class I, the most inMoravica District, mostly because of its size.[43] It also has 134.3 kilometers of state road class II and 170 kilometers of local roads.[43]
Ivanjica lies onState Road 21 (M 21) which intersects withState Road 23 (Zlatibor Highway) inPožega. Further, the State Road 23 intersects withA2 motorway nearČačak, which is the main and fastest road connection with the capital city of Belgrade. The southern sections of this motorway are under construction and the road is planned to go through Ivanjica as well in the future.
| Užice (65 km),Zlatibor (81 km) | Arilje (30 km),Požega (44 km),Čačak (76 km),Belgrade (195 km) | Kraljevo (72 km),Kragujevac (106 km) |
| Sarajevo (249 km) |  | Kruševac (130 km),Niš (217 km) |
| Sjenica (64 km),Nova Varoš (74 km),Podgorica (260 km) | Novi Pazar (104 km),Tutin (106 km) |
There are 28 sports clubs in the municipality of Ivanjica. The dominant sports are football, basketball, volleyball, archery and winter sports. According to results, the most successful sport club is a football clubFK Javor Ivanjica, which was founded in 1912. In 2012 this football club was celebrating its centenary from club founding.[44] This club was a continuous member of theFirst League for the last several years. Other popular sport clubs are OK Putevi volleyball club and KK Ivanjica basketball club, playing in the lower, regional leagues of westernSerbia.
On the territory of Ivanjica municipality there are 6 football fields, 2 indoor swimming pools, 2 outdoor swimming pools, 3 gyms, one air rifle range, 29 outdoor fields for recreation, one athletics track, one chess hall and 2 sports halls.[45]
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| Spas (thermal, mud and air) |
|  |
|---|---|---|
| Unregulated, undeveloped and former spas |
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| International | |
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| National | |
