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Ivan Sulyma (Polish:Iwan Sulima,Ukrainian:Іван Михайлович Сулима,romanized: Ivan Mykhailovych Sulyma) was a Senior ofRegistered Cossacks in 1628–29 and aKosh Otaman in 1630–1635.
Son of Mykhailo Sulyma, Ivan came from a petty noble (szlachta) family. He was born inRohoshchi (next toChernihiv). He served as an estate overseer forStanisław Żółkiewski and later the family ofDaniłowicze who inherited his lands; for that service in 1620 he was awarded three villages:Sulimówka,Kuczakiw andLebedyn. All the villages today belong to theBoryspil Raion,Kyiv Oblast. His sons included Stepan (died 1659), a captain ofBoryspil company, and Fedir (died 1691), a colonel ofPereiaslav regiment.
He became popular among the unregistered Cossacks, leading them on campaigns to plunderCrimea and otherOttoman vassal territories. For organizing a revolt on an Ottomanslavegalley and freeing Christian slaves[1] he received a medal fromPope Paul V himself. Eventually, Sulyma reached the rank of thehetman, which he held from 1628 to 1629 and 1630 to 1635.
In 1635, after returning from an expedition toBlack Sea against the Ottomans, he decided to rebel against thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which at that time controlled most of the Cossack territories, and whose nobility was trying to turn militantCossacks intoserfs.[citation needed] Ivan Sulyma took part in numerous campaigns of Sagaidachny against Tatars and Turks. In particular, it was the famous capture of Kafa (modern Theodosia), the main center of the slave trade on the Black Sea, Trapezont, Izmail, and also two attacks on Tsaregrad. On the night of 3 to 4 August 1635 he took the newly constructedKodak fortress by surprise, burning it and executing its crew of about 200 people under Jean Marion. Soon afterwards however his forces were defeated by the army ofhetmanStanisław Koniecpolski and Sulyma was turned over to the Commonwealth by Cossack elders orstarshina. Together with several other leaders of his rebellion, Hetman Sulyma was executed inWarsaw on 12 December 1635. At first, thePolish KingWładysław IV Waza, known for his friendly attitude towards theCossacks, was hesitant to execute Sulyma, especially since he was a person upon whom the Pope himself bestowed his medal. However, pressured by the nobility who wanted to show that no rebellions against the 'established order' would be tolerated, the order for an execution was given; after being tortured, Sulyma was cut to pieces and his body parts were hung on the city walls of Warsaw.[2]
Media related toIvan Sulyma at Wikimedia Commons
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