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Israeli attack on Doha

Coordinates:25°21′26″N51°30′35″E / 25.35722°N 51.50972°E /25.35722; 51.50972
Page extended-confirmed-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2025 strikes in Doha, Qatar

Israeli attack on Doha
Part of theGaza war theMiddle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and theArab–Israeli conflict
CCTV footage of the strike
Leqtaifiya is located in Qatar
Leqtaifiya
Leqtaifiya
Location in Qatar
TypeTargeted killing,airstrike,decapitation
Location
25°21′26″N51°30′35″E / 25.35722°N 51.50972°E /25.35722; 51.50972
TargetHamas leadership
Date9 September 2025
3:46 p.m. (UTC+3)
Executed by
OutcomeIsraeli failure
  • Entire Hamas leadership survived the assassination attempt[2]
Casualties6 killed, including one Qatari security official;[3] at least 4 injured[4][5]
Timeline
Lebanon
Iran, Iraq and Syria
Yemen and the Red Sea
Deaths
Related topics

On 9 September 2025, during theGaza war, theIsrael Defense Forces (IDF) conducted an airstrike in theLeqtaifiya district of Qatar's capitalDoha, targeting the leadership ofHamas, housed in a Qatari government residential complex,[6] as it met to discuss an active ceasefire proposal presented by theUnited States.[7][8] The attack killed and injured Hamas members,Qatari security forces,[6] and multiple civilians.[9][6] The attack was Israel's first known attack in Qatar,[7][8] and its first direct strike on aGulf Cooperation Council member.[10]

According to reports, the intended targets included four senior Hamas figures:Khalil al-Hayya;Zaher Jabarin;Muhammad Ismail Darwish;Khaled Mashal.[11][12][5] Those targeted were involved in negotiations for a ceasefire to the Gaza war and an Israeli-Palestinian prisoner-hostage exchange.[13] TheTimes of Israel reported on 11 September that early security assessments by Israel were that the strike failed to achieve its objective of striking all of the intended Hamas leaders, but said the reports had not been confirmed.[2]

The attack was widely "celebrated" by politicians inside Israel,[14][15] whosegovernment said it was in response to theRamot Junction shooting the day before.[16] The attack was widely condemned internationally, including by theUnited Nations Security Council with U.S. backing.[17]

Background

Israel–Qatar relations and support for Hamas

Further information:Qatari support for Hamas andIsraeli support for Hamas
See also:Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism

Qatar had been hosting Hamas's political leadership since 2012, when senior figures, includingKhaled Mashal—thenchairman of the Hamas Political Bureau—relocated from Syria during theSyrian civil war. According to Qatari officials, the move followed a request from the United States to facilitate indirect communication with the group. Qatar also said that Israel itself requested Qatar to host Hamas leaders for the purposes of negotiations.[18] Other senior members based in Doha have includedIsmail Haniyeh,Khalil al-Hayya, andMousa Abu Marzouk.[19] Similarly, Qatar also previously hosted theTaliban in Doha, again at the request of the United States.[19]

Concurrently with the above, Qatar had been an important financial backer of theHamas government in the Gaza Strip, having transferred more than $1.8 billion to it over the years.[20][21][22] Beginning in 2018, Qatar transferred monthly payments of roughly US $30 million to the Gaza Strip in coordination with Israel and the United States. According to Israeli and Qatari officials, these funds were intended for humanitarian purposes, which includes fuel purchases, civil-service salaries, and assistance to low-income families, and were monitored under arrangements approved by the Israeli government.[23][24] Analysts note that Israel tolerated the transfers to maintain stability in Gaza and avert a humanitarian crisis rather than as political support for Hamas.[25] According to Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu, the reason for allowing the aid was humanitarian.[26]

U.S. attempt to create Gulf–Israel security alignment

Further information:Arab–Israeli alliance andArab–Israeli normalization § Gaza war

The United States promoted Gulf–Israel security alignment oriented against Iran, involving a regional air defence system that includes Israel. The United Arab Emirates and Bahrain normalized relations with Israel in 2020, and Saudi Arabia was close to formally doing the same before October 7.[27][28] After the 2020Abraham Accords, regional geopolitical planning centered on connecting Israel and theGulf Cooperation Council countries (Qatar among them) within a widerIndia–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor. The concept, developed alongside initiatives such asI2U2, theNegev Summit, and theAtlantic Council's N7 Initiative, had aimed to establishtransport and trade links from India through Gulf states and Israel to Europe. The corridor's viability depended on sustained political cooperation between Gulf capitals and Israel.[28] But after October 7 andIsrael's ensuing response, Israel's conduct of theGaza war made Israel unpopular with Arab populations. Additionally, Gulf rulers feared entanglement in Israel's conflict with Iran and allied groups, as with Qatar, which had to suffer the2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base. Israel's full US-brokered security alignment with the GCC—and therefore with Qatar—did not occur.[27] Consequently, Qatar had no formal security guarantees or defensive pacts that might have served as a material deterrent, because the existing GCC-only coordinated defense instrument, thePeninsula Shield Force, was mostly notional,[29] while any U.S. security guarantee had only been "implicit in deals done and memoranda signed".[30]

Israel's vow to kill all Hamas leaders

See also:Targeted killing by Israel andList of Israeli assassinations

The Israeli government has publicly acknowledged its a policy oftargeted killings of members of Palestinian militant organizations since at least 2001.[31] Khalil al-Hayya, a reported target of this air strike, waspreviously targeted by a 2007 assassination attempt, which killed at least seven of his family members.[32][33][34] His home in Gaza was struck by an airstrike in the2014 Gaza War.[35][36][37]

Following theOctober 7 attacks in 2023 which started theGaza war, Israel vowed to kill all Hamas leaders.[38] Israel has, however, participated in mediated negotiations with Hamas, through Qatar, which has since the start of the war hosted negotiations inDoha,[13] maintaining contacts with both sides; senior Israeli officials have travelled to the emirate repeatedly to discuss the release of hostages held in Gaza.[38]

Following the 2024assassination of Mohammed Deif (13 July) andIsmail Haniyeh (31 July), and thekilling of Yahya Sinwar (16 October), al-Hayya—a founding member of Hamas and its chief negotiator—became one of five members of the newly formed "temporary committee", a provisional top decision-making body whose other members are Mashal,Zaher Jabarin,Muhammad Ismail Darwish,[39] and a fifth unknown member.[40]

On 31 August 2025, IDF chief of staffEyal Zamir stated that Israel was seeking to kill Hamas officials across the Middle East, telling reserve soldiers that "Hamas will have no place to hide from us" and that all figures, senior or junior, would be struck wherever found.[38]

Qatar-mediated negotiations during the Gaza war

During theGaza war, Qatar hosted Hamas diplomats and was successful in brokering a ceasefire twice—the first time in 2023.[41] In November 2024, Hamas members left Qatar for Turkey, after the United States asked Qatar to expel the Hamas members in response to a breakdown in negotiations over the ceasefire.[42][a]Another ceasefire took place in early 2025, brokered by Egypt, Qatar, and the United States;[41] it ended with theMarch 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip.

The negotiations then stalled during the summer, with Israel rejecting a ceasefire plan by Egypt and Qatar (accepted by Hamas), that would have entailed a release of half of theHamas-held hostages; namely, Israel demanded the release of all remaining hostages, numbering 20, and the return of all bodies that Israel treats as hostages.[46][47] Concurrently with this rejection of the ceasefire plan, Israel began afull ground invasion of Gaza City.[47] According to an analysis byThe Washington Post, as the decision to launch the invasion was nearing, Netanyahu may have decided to forgo further negotiations, seeing them as limiting his freedom to pursue the military path.[48] Netanyahu was publicly stating that this course of action was "the best way to end the war and the best way to end it speedily".[49]

On 7 September, Hamas announced it was ready to "immediately sit at the negotiating table" after receiving, via mediators, what it described as "some ideas from the American side aimed at reaching a ceasefire agreement".[50] According to a Palestinian official, the United States plan envisaged freeing the remaining 48 hostages in the first 48 hours of a 60‑day truce in exchange for Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails and negotiations on a permanent ceasefire.[13] On 8 September, Hamas representatives met Qatari prime ministerMohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani to discuss the U.S. proposal,[38] with plans to reconvene the following day (the day of the attack).[13]

Prelude

With the negotiations stalled,Mossad prepared a plan for a covert ground operation to assassinate the Hamas leaders, but the agency's directorDavid Barnea ultimately opposed its execution, worrying that it would damage Mossad's cooperation with Qatar—whose function as a mediator Barnea and Mossad saw as valuable. Barnea's stance reflected dissent in theIsraeli security establishment over Netanyahu's timing considering that the location would be in a U.S. ally's territory, and that Hamas leaders were considering the new, U.S.-brokered hostages-for-ceasefire proposal; looking at the success of the covertassassination of Ismail Haniyeh the year prior (using planted explosives), some in the establishment argued Mossad could eliminate leaders covertly at a time and place of Israel's choosing. However, a decision was made to kill Hamas leaders in an airstrike instead.[48]

The operation was reportedly codenamedAtzeret HaDin (Hebrew:עצרת הדין,lit.'Day of Judgment').[51] The name alludes to the Jewish holiday ofShemini Atzeret.[51] Israel stated the attack was a response to theOctober 7 attacks and theRamot Junction shooting the previous day.[52]

Two days prior, U.S. presidentDonald Trump issued what he described as his "last warning" to Hamas, urging the group to agree to a hostage release deal, stating "the Israelis have accepted my terms. It is time for Hamas to accept as well [...] I have warned Hamas about the consequences of not accepting. This is my last warning, there will not be another one!"[53]

After the attack a senior Israeli official toldChannel 12 that Trump had approved it.[54]

Agence France-Presse reported that an anonymous White House official stated "we were informed in advance" regarding the strike on Qatar, a U.S. ally and host to a major U.S. military base.[55] The Qatari foreign ministry, however, stated that Qatar had not been informed in advance, noting that "the communication received from one of the U.S. officials came during the sound of explosions."[56]

Attack

On 9 September 2025, at 3:46 p.m.AST,[57] ten[58] missiles[59] fired from IDF fighter jets struck a residential compound next to the Woqod petrol station on Wadi Rawdan Street[13] in theLeqtaifiya district ofDoha,[60][8] targeting the senior political leadership of Hamas.[61] Citing US officials,The Wall Street Journal reported that the operation involved eight IsraeliF-15 fighter jets and fourF-35s, which firedair-launched ballistic missiles[b] into space from over theRed Sea, avoiding Arab airspaces. The missiles flew above Saudi Arabia before striking Doha.[59] The attack marked the first direct strike by Israel on one of the member states of theGulf Cooperation Council.[10] The gated compound, which was a state-designated residential complex housing Hamas negotiators and their families[6][13]—and was used by the Hamas Political Bureau as its headquarters[62]—was significantly damaged, but not demolished.[59]

Qatari radar systems did not detect Israeli airplanes or missiles.[63] The Israeli forces did not encounter any resistance from American defenses stationed inside Qatar.[64] Qatar operates U.S.-suppliedPatriot air defense systems,[65] as do theU.S. forces in Qatar.[66] It is not designed to intercept ballistic missiles at their apogee in space and would have, therefore, been unable to protect Qatar. Another system,THAAD, reportedly would have been, but it is not fielded in Qatar.[67]

According to the BBC, the targeted Hamas leaders were likely convening to formulate their response to the American hostage deal proposal;[13] According to Hamas[38] as well as Israeli media reports, Hamas officials present at the meeting included al-Hayya, Mashal, Darwish, Marzook, and Jabarin.[68][69][70]Asharq Al-Awsat, citing Hamas sources, reported that al-Hayya's office was struck four times, while the meeting was taking place in the former office ofIsmail Haniyeh. One missile that did hit Haniyeh's office landed on the opposite corner from where the targets were seated, injuring two unnamed officials, one seriously.[71][72][4] Separately from these reported injuries among the targeted individuals, Hamas stated that six people were killed, none of whom were the targets. The fatalities were identified as al-Hayya's son Humam, his office director Jihad Abu Labal, three bodyguards,[13] and a corporal in the QatariInternal Security Force.[73] Additional Qatari security officers were injured.[6] Multiple civilians were also injured, including the wives of the elder and junior al-Hayya and other family members.[38][5]

Aftermath

A funeral for the victims was held at theImam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque in Doha on 11 September. Among the attendants were Qatari Emir SheikhTamim bin Hamad Al Thani and senior Hamas officialsOsama Hamdan andIzzat al-Rishq.[74][75][5]

The Israeli security establishment has increasingly assessed that the strike aimed at assassinating Hamas leaders failed.[2]

Initial statements by Israel, Qatar, Hamas and the United States

The attack was widely praised and "celebrated" by politicians across the political spectrum inside Israel.[14][76][15] The office of Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu stated: "Today's action against the top terrorist chieftains of Hamas was a wholly independent Israeli operation [...] Israel initiated it, Israel conducted it, and Israel takes full responsibility."[77] Netanyahu also warned Qatar for providing Hamas leaders with a "safe haven," stating "I say to Qatar and all nations who harbor terrorists: you either expel them or you bring them to justice. Because if you don't, we will."[78]Yechiel Leiter, Israel's ambassador to the United States, stated that "If we didn't get them this time, we'll get them the next time," indicating that surviving Hamas members would be targeted again.[79] Following the strike, during an event at theU.S. embassy inJerusalem, Netanyahu talked about ending the war, stating that Israel had already accepted the conditions of a truce proposal put forward by Trump and that if Hamas were to accept it as well, the war would end immediately.[80] However, The Hostages and Missing Families Forum, a group representing the families of the hostages, expressed "deep concern and grave apprehension" regarding the airstrikes as it would endanger the hostages further, and called for the Israeli government to come up with a "structured plan" for the return of the 48 hostages.[81]Yinon Magal celebrated the attack live onChannel 14 with champagne and sweets.[76]

Qatar described the attack as a "cowardly" violation of international law and sovereignty.[61] Qatari Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani described the attack as "state terrorism" and called for Netanyahu to be "brought to justice".[82] Foreign Ministry spokesmanMajed al-Ansari stated: "Obviously, when one party asks us to deliver a proposal to the other side, and then when we start meeting with the other side for these proposals, they bomb our country—they bomb the mediator and the places where the talks were taking place—it sends a very clear message that there is nothing valid in the talks."[83] The country appealed to the United Nations Security Council.[83]

Hamas called the attack a failed assassination attempt and stated that the strike "confirms beyond doubt that Netanyahu and his government do not want to reach any agreement" for peace. It also stated that "we hold theU.S. administration jointly responsible with the occupation for this crime, due to its ongoing support for the aggression and crimes of the occupation against our people."[56]

Althoughsupportive of the Netanyahu government's conduct of theGaza war,[84][85] Trump condemned Netanyahu and said he was "very unhappy about every aspect" of the attack and was notified "unfortunately, too late to stop" it, adding that "unilaterally bombing inside Qatar, a sovereign nation and close ally of the United States, that is working very hard and bravely taking risks with us to broker peace, does not advance Israel or America's goals". He also commented that eliminating Hamas "is a worthy goal."[86][58] White House Press SecretaryKaroline Leavitt said that Trump "views Qatar as a strong ally and friend of the United States, and feels very badly about the location of the attack" and that Trump assured Qatar that "such a thing will not happen again on their soil".[87] The United States notified the Qatari government of the attack via its envoySteve Witkoff, but Qatar's Foreign Ministry stated that this warning came 10 minutes after the attack.[83]

In the United States,Democrats andRepublicans were divided over the attack.[88] Democratic senatorsJim Reed andBetty McCollum condemned the attack, although Democratic senatorJohn Fetterman, a strong supporter of Israel, expressed happiness over the attack.[88] Some Republicans such as senatorsJim Risch andRoger Wicker also praised the attack,[88] though others such asMichael McCaul expressed concerns that the strike could strain U.S. ties with Qatar.[89]

International reactions

The attack was met with global condemnation.[90] TheUnited Nations Security Council condemned the attack in a statement drafted by France and the United Kingdom and agreed to by all 15 members, including the United States.[17] Governments around the world condemned what they described as a breach of sovereignty and international law, warned of escalation, urged restraint and renewed diplomacy, and expressed solidarity with Qatar[91][92]—including contemporary major and regional powers, such asCanada, whose prime minister,Mark Carney, condemned the "intolerable expansion of violence";[93]France, whose president,Emmanuel Macron, called the attack "unacceptable, whatever the reason";[94]Turkey, whose foreign ministry described the attack as "evidence of Israel's expansionist policies and its adoption of terrorism of state strategy";[95]Germany;[96]Russia;[97] and theUnited Kingdom;[94] alongside others.[98] Countries that accused Israel of committing anact of aggression includedAlgeria,[91]Indonesia,[99]Jordan,[91]Kuwait,[91]Lebanon,[92]Libya,[100]Malaysia,[101]Mauritania,[3]Morocco,[102]Saudi Arabia,[91] andSyria.[103]Kurdistan Region, a semi-autonomous area inIraq, announced its "full support for Qatar".[104] Among non-state actors, the attack was condemned byHezbollah[3] and theHouthis.[91]

TheUnited Nations Secretary-GeneralAntónio Guterres condemned the attack as a "flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Qatar," and praised Qatar as "a country that has been playing a very positive role to achieve a ceasefire and release of all hostages."[52] TheArab League stated that Israel's "behavior has now gone beyond all established international norms and every principle of international law, placing a clear responsibility on the international community to deal with a state that mocks the law and disregards the consequences of its shameful actions",[105] and theGulf Cooperation Council called the attack "despicable and cowardly".[103] The chairperson of theAfrican Union Commission,Mahamoud Ali Youssouf, said that the attack "risks endangering an already fragile situation in the Middle East".[103] TheEuropean Union stated that the attack "breaches international law and Qatar's territorial integrity, and risks a further escalation of violence in the region."[91]

Opinion polling

Israeli newspaperMaariv released a poll conducted by Lazar Studies found that 75% of Israelis approved Israel's attack on Qatar while only 11% of them opposed the operation. The poll also showed that 38% of them believed that the attack harmed the chances of securing a hostage deal, while 37% thought it would be helpful.[106][107]

Political effects

According toReuters, the strike was expected to result in the temporary or permanent end of ceasefire negotiations in the war.[108]Frank Lowenstein, the former U.S. special envoy for the Middle East, stated that the strike signified the Israeli government had not only lost interest in negotiating a ceasefire but was sufficiently confident that the negotiations would become irrelevant to proceed with assassinating the Hamas negotiating team.[61] If President Trump had known of and authorized the strike, it would signal his administration's approval of ending the negotiation track.[109]

Various foreign relations and security analysts interviewed byAl Jazeera soon after the attack said that the attack causes harm to Qatar, which nurtures an image of a safe venue for tourism and international events, but that any possible adjustments to its security posture would depend on the U.S. response; however, Qatar might diversify security partnerships over time. They said that Qatar is expected to continue its mediator role, as the expulsion of Hamas would be seen as a sign of weakness.[110]

According to Jon Gambrell of theAssociated Press, the attack is a "violation of ... understandings" underpinningArab–Israeli normalization.[111] Qatar scheduled anextraordinary summit of Arab League and Organization of the Islamic Conference states for 15 September in order to formulate a multinational response to Israel.[83][112][113] The summit exhibited a unified front in support of Qatar and censure of the attack. The dominant through‑lines were the need for enforceable measures to halt further violations of international law and references to theGaza humanitarian crisis.[114] No immediate political or economic measures were announced at the summit's conclusion. The final communique condemned "Israel's repeated threats of the possibility of targeting Qatar again", reiterating the countries' and organizations' condemnation of the attack and solidarity with Qatar. Separately from this, Qatar's foreign ministry spokespersonMajed al-Ansari said that the GCC's consultations aimed at strengthening collective deterrence were ongoing, with a session of the GCC Unified Military Command scheduled to convene in Doha.[115]

Two days after the summit, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia upgraded theirexisting security partnership into a formal defense pact—theStrategic Mutual Defence Agreement. Under it, Saudi Arabia would come under Pakistan'snuclear umbrella.[116] The agreement followed years of negotiations according to a Saudi official.[117] Journalists and analysts reporting on the signing remarked that it occurred against a backdrop of diminished confidence in U.S. security guarantees,[117][118] with the timing possibly being a signal to Israel.[119][116]

On 29 September 2025, at aWhite House meeting, Trump and Netanyahu announced anew plan to end the war and establish postwar governance in Gaza. Prior to the announcement, Trump and Netanyahu placed a call to Qatari prime ministerMohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani,[120] and at Trump's request, Netanyahu apologized to Al Thani for violating Qatar's sovereignty.[120][121] Netanyahu conveyed regret to Al Thani for the killing of the Qatari serviceman, acknowledged that it violated Qatari sovereignty, and pledged that Israel would not repeat such an attack in the future.[122] Several days prior to that, Qatar demanded Israel's apology in order to continue mediating.[123] U.S. officials interviewed byABC News stated that "the Trump administration viewed the conversation as necessary not only for smoothing over tensions with Qatar, a key mediator in longstanding efforts to end the war in Gaza, but also as a way to enhance support among Arab partners for the White House's proposal".[120]

See also

Notes

  1. ^In May 2024, it was reported that the United States had urged Qatar to expel Hamas leaders from its territory if they refused to agree to ahostage deal with Israel.[43][44] Subsequently, Qatar was reported to be reviewing the future of Hamas's office in Doha as part of a broader evaluation of its role as a mediator in the Gaza war.[45]
  2. ^It is uncertain which (as of September 12, 2025[update]). According toThe Wall Street Journal : "Israel's arsenal of air-launched ballistic missiles was disclosed in U.S. intelligence documents leaked in 2024. The reports referred to two different missiles—the "Golden Horizon"[See also:Sparrow (target missile) § Versions] and theISO2, or Rocks, system ..."[59]

References

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  2. ^abc"Growing Israeli security establishment assessment is that Doha strike failed".The Times of Israel. 11 September 2025.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  3. ^abcFederica Marsi; Brian Osgood; Ali Harb (9 September 2025)."Hamas leadership survived Israeli assassination bid in Qatar, official says".Al Jazeera English.
  4. ^abBerman, Lazar; Yohanan, Nurit (10 September 2025)."Netanyahu tells Qatar to expel Hamas chiefs or bring them to justice: 'If you don't, we will'".The Times of Israel. Agencies and ToI Staff.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved11 September 2025.
  5. ^abcdYohanan, Nurit (11 September 2025)."Hamas says Israeli strike on Doha was 'assassination of the entire negotiation process'".The Times of Israel. Agencies.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  6. ^abcde"Prime Minister to UN Security Council: Israeli Treacherous Attack on Qatar Carried Out by Extremist Leadership Far Removed from Behavior of Civilized Countries That Believe in Peace".Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Government website). 11 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
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  8. ^abcBerman, Lazar (9 September 2025)."Israel said to carry out strike on Hamas leadership in Qatar".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved9 September 2025.
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  10. ^abMasih, Niha; Brown, Cate (10 September 2025)."With Qatar attack, which countries has Israel struck since October 2023?".Washington Post. Retrieved11 September 2025.Israel's Tuesday strike on Qatar — its first time killing a target in the Persian Gulf — hit a key U.S. ally [...]
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  45. ^Mils, Andrew (5 April 2024)."Qatar considers future of Hamas office in Doha".Archived from the original on 6 May 2024.
  46. ^"Arab Ministers Gather to Decide Response to Israeli Attack in Qatar".The New York Times. 14 September 2025. Retrieved14 September 2025.
  47. ^abAhmed, Jabed (20 August 2025)."Why have Hamas-Israel ceasefire talks stalled as IDF troops push into Gaza City?".The Independent. Archived fromthe original on 26 August 2025. Retrieved14 September 2025.
  48. ^abShih, Gerry; Rubin, Shira; DeYoung, Karen; Mekhennet, Souad (12 September 2025)."Israeli intelligence agency balked at Netanyahu's strike in Qatar".The Washington Post. Retrieved15 September 2025.
  49. ^"Netanyahu defends Gaza City takeover as UN warns of 'calamity' and international condemnation grows".CNN. 11 August 2025. Retrieved4 September 2025.
  50. ^Beaumont, Peter; Roth, Andrew (9 September 2025)."Israel launches airstrikes against top Hamas members in Qatar for Gaza ceasefire talks".The Guardian. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  51. ^ab"Israel said to name strike on Hamas in Qatar 'Day of Judgment'".Times of Israel. 9 September 2025.Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  52. ^ab"Israel carries out strike on senior Hamas leaders in Qatari capital".BBC News.Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  53. ^"Trump issues 'last warning' to Hamas to accept Gaza ceasefire deal".The Guardian. 8 September 2025.ISSN 0261-3077.Archived from the original on 8 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  54. ^"Trump said to give Israel green light for strike on Hamas leadership in Qatar".Times of Israel. 8 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  55. ^"Israel informed US ahead of Qatar strike: White House official".The Times of Israel.AFP. 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  56. ^ab"Hamas claims leadership survived Israeli strike on Doha, but confirms six deaths".BBC News. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  57. ^Schifrin, Nick; Warsi, Zeba; Sagalyn, Dan; Kopelev, Sonia (9 September 2025)."Israeli strike on Hamas in Qatar adds fresh volatility to already unstable region".PBS News. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  58. ^abYousif, Nadine (9 September 2025)."US says strike on Doha 'does not advance Israel's goals'".BBC News. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  59. ^abcdHolliday, Shelby; Gordon, Michael R.; Seligman, Lara; Said, Summer (12 September 2025)."How Israel Used Ballistic Missiles From the Red Sea to Carry Out Its Audacious Qatar Attack".The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  60. ^Gritten, David; Adams, Paul (9 September 2025)."Hamas claims leaders survived Israeli attack in Doha, but confirms six deaths".BBC. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  61. ^abc"Israel says it targets Hamas leadership in Qatar's capital as blast heard in Doha".AP News. 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  62. ^El Sirgany, Sarah; Tawfeeq, Mohammed (9 September 2025)."Security official killed and several injured in attack, Qatar's Interior Ministry says".CNN. Retrieved9 September 2025.Qatar's Interior Ministry confirmed explosions heard in Doha today were caused by an Israeli attack targeting residential headquarters where members of the Hamas Political Bureau reside.
  63. ^"Israel's attack on Hamas in Qatar: What we know".France 24. 10 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  64. ^"Gulf countries question value of U.S. protection after Israeli attack".The Washington Post. 12 September 2025.ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  65. ^Ben Ari, Lior (10 September 2025)."Questions mount over how Israeli strike bypassed Qatar's US-made air defenses".Ynet. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  66. ^Burgess, Annika (10 September 2025)."'The ducks do not line up': How Israel managed to carry out Qatar air strikes".ABC News. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  67. ^Gambrell, Jon; Toropin, Konstantin (17 September 2025)."Israeli fighter jets launched ballistic missiles from the Red Sea in Qatar strike, official says".AP News. Retrieved19 September 2025.
  68. ^ברוך, עוזי."פעולה דרמטית והיסטורית: חיל האוויר תקף את הנהגת חמאס בדוחא" [Dramatic and historic action: The Air Force attacked Hamas leadership in Doha].ערוץ 7 (in Hebrew).Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  69. ^"פעולה ישראלית היסטורית בקטאר: צה"ל תקף את הנהגת חמאס בדוחא".Ynet (in Hebrew). 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  70. ^ארי, ליאור בן; חלבי, עינב (9 September 2025)."דיווח: מנהיג חמאס חליל אל-חיה חוסל".Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved9 September 2025.
  71. ^Yohanan, Nurit (10 September 2025)."Report: Two senior Hamas officials were wounded in strike in Qatar, one seriously".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  72. ^"مصادر لـ«الشرق الأوسط»: مصابون من قادة «حماس» أحدهم حالته خطيرة".Asharq Al-Awsat (in Arabic). 10 September 2025. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  73. ^"Member of Qatari security forces amongst those killed in Israeli attack on Doha".Middle East Eye. 9 September 2025.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  74. ^"Funeral begins for six killed in Israel Qatar strike".France 24. 11 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  75. ^"Qatar holds funeral for victims of Israeli attack amid regional solidarity".Al Jazeera. 11 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  76. ^ab"Israeli broadcaster cheers Qatar strikes with champagne and sweets".Middle East Eye. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  77. ^Berman, Lazar (9 September 2025)."'Israel takes full responsibility': Netanyahu's office says Qatar strike 100% Israeli operation".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  78. ^"Qatar says search continues at site of Israeli strike targeting Hamas leaders".BBC News. 10 September 2025. Retrieved11 September 2025.
  79. ^Lubell, Maayan; Cornwell, Alexander; Mills, Andrew (10 September 2025)."Israel will kill Hamas leaders next time if they survived Qatar attack, Israeli official says".Reuters. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  80. ^"Israel PM Says Gaza War To End 'Immediately' If Hamas Accepts Trump Proposal".Barron's. AFP. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  81. ^Magid, Jacob (9 September 2025)."Hostage families express 'grave fear' that Doha strike could endanger the captives".The Times of Israel. Retrieved13 September 2025.
  82. ^Rasgon, Adam; Kershner, Isabel (11 September 2025)."What Drove Israel's Brazen Attack on Hamas in Qatar?".The New York Times. Retrieved13 September 2025.
  83. ^abcdFadel, Leila (10 September 2025)."A top Qatari official says Israeli PM is sabotaging peace efforts".NPR. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  84. ^"Trump tries to distance U.S. from Israel's strike on Qatar amid fury from Arab leaders".PBS News. 11 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  85. ^Khan, Mariam; Kingston, Shannon K. (11 September 2025)."US walks careful line on managing fallout from Doha strike: Analysis".ABC News. Retrieved12 September 2025.the administration, which has staunchly supported Israel's war effort in Gaza
  86. ^"With Qatar Attack, Israel Again Leaves Trump in the Dark".The New York Times. 10 September 2025. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  87. ^Harb, Ali; Marsi, Federica; Osgood, Brian (9 September 2025)."Hamas negotiators survive, six others killed in Israeli attack on Doha".Al Jazeera English. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  88. ^abcTimotija, Filip; Kelly, Laura (9 September 2025)."5 takeaways on Israel's attack on Hamas leaders in Qatar's capital".The Hill. Archived fromthe original on 10 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  89. ^Mineiro, Megan (9 September 2025)."G.O.P. Divided on Israel's Strike on Hamas Leaders in Qatar".The New York Times. Retrieved13 September 2025.
  90. ^Harb, Ali (10 September 2025)."After Qatar attack, Israel ambassador to US says 'we'll get them next time'".Al Jazeera. Retrieved11 September 2025.Countries across the world, including some of Israel's Western allies, condemned the attack.
  91. ^abcdefg"World reacts to Israel's attack against Hamas leaders in Qatar's Doha".Al Jazeera English. 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.Saudi Saudi Arabia: 'condemns and denounces in the strongest terms the brutal Israeli aggression and the flagrant violation of the sovereignty of the sisterly State of Qatar' ... 'its full solidarity' ... 'grave consequences resulting from the Israeli occupation's persistence in its criminal transgressions and its blatant violation of the principles of international law and all international norms'
    Turkiye: 'The targeting of the Hamas negotiating delegation while ceasefire talks continue shows that Israel does not aim to reach peace, but rather continue the war' ... 'This situation is clear proof that Israel has adopted its expansionist politics in the region and terrorism as a state policy'
    United Arab Emirates: 'treacherous Israeli attack'
    Kuwait: 'the brutal aggression against the State of Qatar by the unjust Israeli forces'
    Jordan: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates condemned the Israeli bombing as a flagrant violation of international law and the UN Charter and called it a blatant attack on the sovereignty and security of Qatar.
    Iran: 'gross violation' ... 'extremely dangerous and criminal action is a gross violation of all international rules and regulations, a violation of Qatar's national sovereignty and territorial integrity'
    Iraq: 'cowardly act' ... full support' [for Qatar]
    State of Palestine: 'We strongly condemn the heinous Israeli attack targeting the sisterly State of Qatar'
    Maldives: 'cowardly and a serious violation of international law'
    United Kingdom: 'Israel's strikes on Doha, which violate Qatar's sovereignty and risk further escalation across the region' ...
    France: 'unacceptable, whatever the reason may be' ... 'I express my solidarity with Qatar and its emir, Sheikh Tamim Al Thani. War must under no circumstances spread in the region'
    Pakistan: 'unlawful and heinous' ... 'stands firmly with Qatar, as well as with the Palestinian people, against Israeli aggression'
    Lebanon: '[Denouncement] in the strongest terms' ... 'security and stability in the entire region [threatened]'
    Morocco: 'strongly condemns the blatant Israeli aggression'
    Syria: 'a blatant violation of international law and the sovereignty of the State of Qatar' ... 'dangerous escalation that undermines security and stability in the region'
    Sudan: 'a clear violation of international laws and norms' ... 'full solidarity' ... 'brutal attacks'
    Egypt: 'full solidarity' ... 'The president stressed Egypt's strong condemnation and denunciation of the aggressive act committed by Israel against the brotherly State of Qatar, affirming Egypt's categorical rejection of any violation of the sovereignty of the State of Qatar'
    Algeria: 'brutal Israeli aggression' ... 'full and absolute solidarity' ... 'is not inclined toward peace' ... 'an endless cycle of insecurity'
    Oman: 'brutal attack launched by Israel'
    Mauritania: 'flagrant violation of international conventions and laws' ... 'affirms its support for the sisterly State of Qatar in all measures aimed at preserving its security and the safety of its citizens'
    Kazakhstan: 'Whatever the motives behind these actions are unacceptable, as it violates the sovereignty of the State of Qatar and contravenes the principles of international law'
    Spain: 'The Spanish Government strongly condemns Israel's bombing of Qatari territory' ... 'a violation of Qatari territorial sovereignty and a flagrant breach of international law'
    Libya: 'strongly condemned the Israeli aggression against the State of Qatar, affirming full solidarity with its leadership and people' ... 'blatant violation of international law'
    Italy: 'sincere support for Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and Qatar, reaffirming Italy's support for all efforts to end the war in Gaza' ... 'Italy remains opposed to any form of escalation that could further exacerbate the crisis in the Middle East'
    Germany: 'unacceptable'
  92. ^ab"Reaction to Israel's attack on Hamas leaders in Qatar".Reuters. 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  93. ^Newton, Paula (9 September 2025)."Israel carries out attack in Qatar targeting Hamas leaders".CNN. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  94. ^abFreiberg, Nava (9 September 2025)."UK, France and Spain condemn Israeli strike in Qatar".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  95. ^"The Latest: Israel says it targeted Hamas leadership in Qatar strike".AP News. 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  96. ^"Israel's strike in Doha 'unacceptable,' German government says".Reuters. 9 September 2025. Retrieved12 September 2025.
  97. ^"Moscow Condemns Israeli Strike Against Hamas Members in Qatar".The Moscow Times. 10 September 2025. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  98. ^Yeung, Jessie (9 September 2025)."Israel carries out attack in Qatar targeting Hamas leaders".CNN. Retrieved10 September 2025.Australia's Foreign Minister Penny Wong ... said it jeopardizes Qatari and the US efforts to broker a ceasefire, violates Qatar's sovereignty, and risks escalation, ...
    New Zealand's Foreign Minister Winston Peters posted a similar statement on X, ...
    Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu condemned the strike ...
    Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif condemned the strike ...
    Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi warned in a news conference that the attack "hinders diplomatic efforts," voiced support for Qatar, and urged Israel to "return to the negotiating table."
  99. ^"Indonesia urges UNSC to halt Israeli aggression after strike in Doha".Antara News. Translated by Riswan, Kuntum Khaira. 10 September 2025. Retrieved11 September 2025.
  100. ^Abuelgasim, Fay; Khaled, Fatma (9 September 2025)."Sudan and Libya condemn the Israeli attack".Associated Press. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  101. ^"'Utter contempt for peace and diplomacy': Anwar slams Israeli airstrikes on Doha, calls international community to act"".Malay Mail. 10 September 2025. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  102. ^Harb, Ali; Marsi, Federica; Osgood, Brian (9 September 2025)."Pakistan, Morocco denounce Israeli attack".Al Jazeera English. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  103. ^abcMarsi, Federica; Osgood, Brian; Harb, Ali (9 September 2025)."Israel targets Hamas leadership in attack on Qatar's Doha".Al Jazeera English.Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  104. ^"سەرۆکایەتیی هەرێمی کوردستان: بە تەواوی پشتیوانیی قەتەرین".Kurdistan24. 9 September 2025. Retrieved10 September 2025.
  105. ^Tawfeeq, Mohammed (9 September 2025)."Several Arab nations condemn Israeli attack".CNN (Live blog update). Retrieved9 September 2025.
  106. ^"75 percent of Israelis approve of strikes targeting Hamas in Qatar".Middle East Eye. 12 September 2025. Retrieved15 September 2025.
  107. ^"נפילה חופשית: ההתרסקות של בני גנץ רק החלה - הבשורה שקיבל :סקר "מעריב"".Maariv (in Hebrew).MSN. 12 September 2025. Retrieved15 September 2025.
  108. ^Mills, Andrew; Choukeir, Jana; Elimam, Ahmed (9 September 2025)."Israel targets Hamas leadership in military strikes on Qatar, officials say".Reuters. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  109. ^Bowen, Jeremy (9 September 2025)."If Trump gave the green light, he is saying his deal-making has failed".BBC News. Retrieved9 September 2025.
  110. ^Jamal, Urooba (10 September 2025)."The price of mediation? How Qatar could respond to Israel's attack".Al Jazeera. Retrieved11 September 2025.
  111. ^Gambrell, Jon (11 September 2025)."Israel's strike on Qatar has infuriated Arab leaders. That bodes ill for Trump's Mideast priorities".AP News. Retrieved11 September 2025.
  112. ^Magid, Jacob; Yohanan, Nurit; Berman, Lazar (11 September 2025)."After Israeli strike, Qatar to host emergency Arab-Islamic summit to discuss response".The Times of Israel. Retrieved11 September 2025.
  113. ^"Arab-Islamic summit to back Qatar after Israeli attack".The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. 14 September 2025. Retrieved14 September 2025.
  114. ^Mohamed, Edna; Hume, Tim; Pietromarchi, Virginia; Keddie, Patrick (15 September 2025)."LIVE: Qatar's emir says Israeli 'aggression blatant, treacherous, cowardly'".Al Jazeera. Retrieved15 September 2025.
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  116. ^abGambrell, Jon; Ahmed, Munir (19 September 2025)."Pakistan says its nuclear program can be made available to Saudi Arabia under defense pact".AP News. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  117. ^abEl Dahan, Maha; Shah, Saeed (18 September 2025)."Saudi Arabia, nuclear-armed Pakistan sign mutual defence pact".Reuters. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  118. ^Lawati, Abbas Al (18 September 2025)."As US reliability falters, Saudi Arabia turns to a nuclear-armed ally".CNN. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  119. ^Ahmed, Munir; Gambrell, Jon (18 September 2025)."Saudi Arabia signs pact with nuclear-armed Pakistan in signal to Israel".The Independent. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  120. ^abcKingston, Shannon K. (30 September 2025)."Trump unveils sweeping peace plan for Gaza that he says Israel accepts".ABC News. Retrieved30 September 2025.
  121. ^Eichner, Itamar; Ben Ari, Lior (29 September 2025)."At White House with Trump, Netanyahu apologizes to Qatar over Doha strike".Ynet. Retrieved30 September 2025.
  122. ^Magee, Caolán (29 September 2025)."Israeli PM Netanyahu apologises to Qatar over Doha attack".Al Jazeera. Retrieved29 September 2025.
  123. ^Ravid, Barak (20 September 2025)."Scoop: Qatar requests Israeli apology to resume Gaza mediation efforts".Axios. Retrieved30 September 2025.
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