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Isotopes of francium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
²¹²Fr	synth	20.0 min	β⁺	²¹²Rn
²¹²Fr	synth	20.0 min	α	²⁰⁸At
²²¹Fr	trace	4.801 min	α	²¹⁷At
²²²Fr	synth	14.2 min	β⁻	²²²Ra
²²³Fr	trace	22.00 min	β⁻	²²³Ra
²²³Fr	trace	22.00 min	α	²¹⁹At

Francium (₈₇Fr) has no stableisotopes, thus astandard atomic weight cannot be given. Its most stable isotope is²²³Fr with a half-life of 22 minutes, occurring in trace quantities in nature as an intermediatedecay product of²³⁵U.

Of elements whose most stable isotopes have been identified with certainty, francium is the most unstable. All elements with atomic number of 106 (seaborgium) or greater have most-stable-known isotopes shorter than that of francium, but as those elements have only a relatively small number of isotopes discovered, the possibility remains that undiscovered isotopes of these elements may have longer half-lives.

List of isotopes

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Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[2] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
¹⁹⁷Fr		87	110	197.01101(6)	2.3(19) ms	α	¹⁹³At	(7/2−)
¹⁹⁸Fr		87	111	198.01028(3)	15(3) ms	α	¹⁹⁴At	3+#
¹⁹⁹Fr		87	112	199.007269(15)	16(7) ms	α	¹⁹⁵At	1/2+#
²⁰⁰Fr		87	113	200.00658(3)	24(10) ms	α	¹⁹⁶At	3+#
^200mFr		60(110) keV			190(120) ms	α	¹⁹⁶At	10−#
²⁰¹Fr		87	114	201.003852(10)	67(3) ms	α (99%)	¹⁹⁷At	(9/2−)
²⁰¹Fr		87	114	201.003852(10)	67(3) ms	β⁺ (1%)	²⁰¹Rn	(9/2−)
²⁰²Fr		87	115	202.003330(6)	290(30) ms	α (97%)	¹⁹⁸At	(3+)
²⁰²Fr		87	115	202.003330(6)	290(30) ms	β⁺ (3%)	²⁰²Rn	(3+)
^202mFr		330(90)# keV			340(40) ms	α (97%)	¹⁹⁸At	(10−)
^202mFr		330(90)# keV			340(40) ms	β⁺ (3%)	²⁰²Rn	(10−)
²⁰³Fr		87	116	203.000941(7)	0.55(2) s	α (95%)	¹⁹⁹At	(9/2−)#
²⁰³Fr		87	116	203.000941(7)	0.55(2) s	β⁺ (5%)	²⁰³Rn	(9/2−)#
²⁰⁴Fr		87	117	204.000652(26)	1.7(3) s	α (96%)	²⁰⁰At	(3+)
²⁰⁴Fr		87	117	204.000652(26)	1.7(3) s	β⁺ (4%)	²⁰⁴Rn	(3+)
^204m1Fr		50(4) keV			2.6(3) s	α (90%)	²⁰⁰At	(7+)
^204m1Fr		50(4) keV			2.6(3) s	β⁺ (10%)	²⁰⁴Rn	(7+)
^204m2Fr		326(4) keV			1.7(6) s			(10−)
²⁰⁵Fr		87	118	204.998594(8)	3.80(3) s	α (99%)	²⁰¹At	(9/2−)
²⁰⁵Fr		87	118	204.998594(8)	3.80(3) s	β⁺ (1%)	²⁰⁵Rn	(9/2−)
²⁰⁶Fr		87	119	205.998661(30)	~16 s	β⁺ (58%)	²⁰⁶Rn	(2+, 3+)
²⁰⁶Fr		87	119	205.998661(30)	~16 s	α (42%)	²⁰²At	(2+, 3+)
^206m1Fr		190(40) keV			15.9(1) s			(7+)
^206m2Fr		730(40) keV			700(100) ms			(10−)
²⁰⁷Fr		87	120	206.996941(19)	14.8(1) s	α (95%)	²⁰³At	9/2−
²⁰⁷Fr		87	120	206.996941(19)	14.8(1) s	β⁺ (5%)	²⁰⁷Rn	9/2−
²⁰⁸Fr		87	121	207.997139(13)	59.1(3) s	α (90%)	²⁰⁴At	7+
²⁰⁸Fr		87	121	207.997139(13)	59.1(3) s	β⁺ (10%)	²⁰⁸Rn	7+
²⁰⁹Fr		87	122	208.995940(12)	50.0(3) s	α (89%)	²⁰⁵At	9/2−
²⁰⁹Fr		87	122	208.995940(12)	50.0(3) s	β⁺ (11%)	²⁰⁹Rn	9/2−
²¹⁰Fr		87	123	209.996411(14)	3.18(6) min	α (60%)	²⁰⁶At	6+
²¹⁰Fr		87	123	209.996411(14)	3.18(6) min	β⁺ (40%)	²¹⁰Rn	6+
²¹¹Fr		87	124	210.995555(13)	3.10(2) min	α (80%)	²⁰⁷At	9/2−
²¹¹Fr		87	124	210.995555(13)	3.10(2) min	β⁺ (20%)	²¹¹Rn	9/2−
²¹²Fr		87	125	211.996225(9)	20.0(6) min	β⁺ (57%)	²¹²Rn	5+
²¹²Fr		87	125	211.996225(9)	20.0(6) min	α (43%)	²⁰⁸At	5+
²¹³Fr		87	126	212.996184(5)	34.14(6) s^[3]	α (99.45%)	²⁰⁹At	9/2−
²¹³Fr		87	126	212.996184(5)	34.14(6) s^[3]	β⁺ (.55%)	²¹³Rn	9/2−
²¹⁴Fr		87	127	213.998971(9)	5.0(2) ms	α	²¹⁰At	(1−)
^214m1Fr		123(6) keV			3.35(5) ms	α	²¹⁰At	(8−)
^214m2Fr		638(6) keV			103(4) ns			(11+)
^214m3Fr		6477+Y keV			108(7) ns			(33+)
²¹⁵Fr		87	128	215.000342(8)	86(5) ns	α	²¹¹At	9/2−
²¹⁶Fr		87	129	216.003190(4)	0.70(2) μs	α	²¹²At	(1−)
^216mFr		219(6) keV			850(30) ns	α^{[n 7]}	^212m1At^[4]	(9−)
²¹⁷Fr		87	130	217.004632(7)	16.8(19) μs	α	²¹³At	9/2−
²¹⁸Fr		87	131	218.007579(5)	1.0(6) ms	α	²¹⁴At	1−
^218m1Fr		86(4) keV			22.0(5) ms	α	²¹⁴At	(8−)
^218m2Fr		200(150)# keV						high
²¹⁹Fr		87	132	219.009251(7)	20(2) ms	α	²¹⁵At	9/2−
²²⁰Fr		87	133	220.012327(4)	27.4(3) s	α (99.65%)	²¹⁶At	1+
²²⁰Fr		87	133	220.012327(4)	27.4(3) s	β⁻ (.35%)	²²⁰Ra	1+
²²¹Fr		87	134	221.014254(5)	4.801(5) min	α (99.9%)	²¹⁷At	5/2−	Trace^{[n 8]}
						β⁻ (.1%)	²²¹Ra
						CD (8.79×10⁻¹¹%)^{[n 9]}	²⁰⁷Tl ¹⁴C
²²²Fr		87	135	222.017583(8)	14.2(3) min	β⁻^{[n 10]}	²²²Ra	2−
²²³Fr	Actinium K	87	136	223.0197342(21)	22.00(7) min	β⁻ (99.99%)	²²³Ra	3/2(−)	Trace^{[n 11]}
²²³Fr	Actinium K	87	136	223.0197342(21)	22.00(7) min	α (.006%)	²¹⁹At	3/2(−)	Trace^{[n 11]}
²²⁴Fr		87	137	224.023348(12)	3.33(10) min	β⁻	²²⁴Ra	1−
²²⁵Fr		87	138	225.025572(13)	4.0(2) min	β⁻	²²⁵Ra	3/2−
²²⁶Fr		87	139	226.029545(7)	49(1) s	β⁻	²²⁶Ra	1−
²²⁷Fr		87	140	227.031865(6)	2.47(3) min	β⁻	²²⁷Ra	1/2+
²²⁸Fr		87	141	228.035839(7)	38(1) s	β⁻	²²⁸Ra	2−
²²⁹Fr		87	142	229.038291(5)	50.2(4) s	β⁻	²²⁹Ra	(1/2+)#
²³⁰Fr		87	143	230.042391(7)	19.1(5) s	β⁻	²³⁰Ra
²³¹Fr		87	144	231.045175(8)	17.6(6) s	β⁻	²³¹Ra	(1/2+)#
²³²Fr		87	145	232.049461(15)	5(1) s	β⁻	²³²Ra
²³³Fr		87	146	233.052518(21)	900(100) ms	β⁻	²³³Ra	1/2+ #
This table header & footer: view

^^mFr – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^^a ^b ^c# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
CD: Cluster decay
IT: Isomeric transition
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^Theoretically capable of β⁺ decay to²¹⁶Rn^[1]
^Intermediate decay product of²³⁷Np
^The nuclide with the lowestatomic number known to undergocluster decay
^Theoretically capable of α decay to²¹⁸At with a partial half-life of ~1 d (branching ratio ~1%).^[5]
^Intermediatedecay product of²³⁵U

References

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^^a ^bKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3): 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3): 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^Fisichella, M.; Musumarra, A.; Farinon, F.; Nociforo, C.; Del Zoppo, A.; Figuera, P.; La Cognata, M.; Pellegriti, M. G.; Scuderi, V.; Torresi, D.; Strano, E. (2013-07-24). "Determination of the half-life of²¹³Fr with high precision".Physical Review C.88 (1). American Physical Society (APS): 011303.Bibcode:2013PhRvC..88a1303F.doi:10.1103/physrevc.88.011303.ISSN 0556-2813.
^"²¹⁶At α decay (850 ns)"(PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.
^Hyde, E. K.; Ghiorso, A. (4 February 1950),Preparation of a New Isotope of Francium - Fr²²², California Univ., Berkeley (USA): Radiation Laboratory

Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 3.0 database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.

- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102

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