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Islamic Resistance in Iraq

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromIslamic Resistance in Iraq (2020–present))
Islamist insurgent network in Iraq
Not to be confused withIslamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance orHamas of Iraq.

Islamic Resistance in Iraq
IRI
المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق
Flag commonly used by Shiite resistance groups in Iraq.
LeadersAhmad al-Hamidawi (KH)
Akram al-Kaabi (HHN)
Qais Khazali (AAH)
Abu Ala al-Walai (KSS)
Haydar Muzhir Ma’lak al-Sa’idi (HAAA)
Dates of operation2020–present
AllegianceIran (IRGC)
GroupSeegroups
IdeologyShia Islamism
Khomeinism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-Zionism
Anti-Sunnism[1]
Anti-imperialism[2]
Size70,000
Part ofPopular Mobilization Forces
Axis of Resistance
AlliesIran
Syria (until 2024)[a]
Russia
Hezbollah
Houthi movement
Hamas
Palestinian Islamic Jihad
OpponentsUnited States
United Kingdom
Israel
Jordan
Palestinian Authority
Syrian oppositionSyria (from 2024)
Syrian Democratic Forces
Battles and wars

TheIslamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI;Arabic:المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق) refers to an informal network ofIranian-backedShia Islamist factions in Iraq. The name is used by members of the network when carrying out attacks againstAmerican forces or its allies in the region.[3][4] IRI does not represent the official position of the Iraqi government and consists of militias that operate outside the formal command structure of theIraqi armed forces.[5][6]

In October 2023, the IRI began launchingrockets and drones at US bases in Iraq, Jordan and Syria, causing minor injuries to American servicemen untila drone attack killed three US soldiers in Jordan on 28 January 2024.[7][8][9][10][11] Since November 2023, the IRI has attackedIsrael with multiple drones and missiles.[12] In April 2025, the IRI said that it was prepared to disarm to avert an escalating conflict with theTrump administration.[13]

Groups

Arsenal

The IRI's arsenal composes of cruise missiles, kamikaze drones and rockets of Iranian origin. These include:

Operations in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria

Main article:Attacks on US bases during the Gaza war

On 18 October 2023, amid theGaza war, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq began waves of attacks on US bases in bothIraq andSyria, beginning with the launching of adrone strike onal-Asad Airbase which was intercepted.[23][24][25]

On 24 October 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for multiple drone strikes on US bases in eastern Syria, notably al-Omar oil field inDeir ez-Zor Governorate andal-Shaddadi in theAl-Hasakah Governorate.[26]

On 5 November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq issued a warning ahead ofAntony Blinken's visit to Baghdad, saying "Antony Blinken, the son of a Jew, is not welcome in Iraq." As a result of the threats, Blinken wore a bulletproof vest when landing inBaghdad International Airport.[citation needed]

On 9 November 2023, US forces were struck three separate times in 24 hours, including drone strikes inAl-Asad Airbase andAl-Harir Air Base, as well as anIED attack on a patrol near theMosul Dam.[27]

On 20 November 2023, eight US and coalition soldiers were injured from a ballistic missile attack, and there was minor infrastructural damage after the air base was attacked by a ballistic missile.[28]

On 25 December 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on the base which injured three US soldiers, one being critical.[29][30]

On 18 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq claimed it shot down a USMQ-9 Reaper drone after it took off fromKuwait nearMuqdadiyah,Diyala Governorate.[31][32]

On 20 January 2024, the group claimed a missile attack on theAin Al-Asad Air Base inAl Anbar Govenorate, injuring two US personnel and one Iraqi personnel.[33][34]

On 28 January 2024, the IRI launcheda drone attack on the Tower 22 US military outpost inRukban,Jordan, killing 3 US soldiers and injuring 47 others.[11][35]

On 4 February 2024, a drone struck a training ground in Al-Omar field inDeir ez-Zor, eastern Syria, which houses US troops, according to theSyrian Democratic Forces. Though no casualties were reported among US forces, at least seven Kurdish fighters were killed and 18 injured. The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for the attack.[36][37] The SDF condemned the attack, and said it had "every right to respond".[38]

On 1 April 2024, Abu Ali al-Askari, security chief of Kata'ib Hezbollah, said the organisation was prepared to arm the Islamic Resistance in Jordan. He declared that Kata'ib Hezbollah is ready to provide "12,000 fighters with light and medium weapons, anti-armor launchers, tactical missiles, millions of rounds of ammunition, and tons of explosives" to "defend the Palestinians and avenge the honour of Muslims." On the same day, al-Tanf garrison in Syria was attacked by a one-way attack drone which was intercepted.[39] Shortly after this announcement, a Jordanian militant attacked an IDF patrol vehicle near the Jordanian-Israeli border and fled. This was the first instance of an attack from Jordan on Israel since the beginning of the war.[40]

Attacks on Israel

Main article:Gaza war § Iraq

Since November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq has claimed responsibility for drone and missile attacks against targets within Israel in retaliation for Israeli attacks on Palestinian civilians in Gaza. The group stated it would continue to "strike enemy strongholds."

In late January, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq announced it had entered its second phase of operations which included blockading theMediterranean maritime routes to Israeli ports and disabling the ports.[41]

In November 2024, US officials confirmed that US and partner forces had intercepted Iraqi kamikaze drones launched against Israel. By late October, the ISI had launched drones on an average of around five times a day. In one 24-hour period in October, the ISI launched eight drones at Israel.[42]

Shortly after, Israeli news outlets reported that Israel may target the IRI for its campaign against Israel during its warson Gaza andon Lebanon. Unnamed officials allegedly told outlets that satellites monitored the transfer of ballistic missiles and related equipment from Iran to Iraqi territory.[43]

List of claimed attacks on Israel
DateTargetDescriptionOutcome
2 November 2023Dead SeaClaimed responsibility for an attack against a vital Israeli target on theDead Sea coastline.[44]Unknown
3 November 2023EilatClaimed responsibility for a missile attack onEilat.[45][46]Unknown
12 November 2023EilatClaimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat.[47]Unknown
21 December 2023EilatClaimed drone attack.Intercepted by theRoyal Jordanian Air Force.[48]
Karish rigClaimed drone attack.Intercepted by IDF fighter jets.[49]
22 December 2023EilatClaimed drone attack.[50]Intercepted by Royal Jordanian Air Force.[51]
28 December 2023Fik AirportClaimed drone attack.[52]Drone crashed nearEliad, Golan Heights. No casualty or damage reported.[52]
31 December 2023Golan HeightsClaimed drone attack.[53]Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.[53]
EilatClaimed drone attack.[54]Intercepted by the IDF.[54]
7 January 2024Golan HeightsClaimed drone attack.[55]Unknown
7 January 2024Haifa PortClaimed responsibility for a missile attack on Haifa Port.[56]Unknown
22 January 2024AshdodClaimed responsibility for a drone attack on the port ofAshdod.[57]No verification of the claims.[57]
24 January 2024AshdodClaimed responsibility for a drone strike on the port ofAshdod.[58]No verification of the claims.[58]
28 January 2024EilatClaimed drone attack.[59]Unknown
9 February 2024Dead SeaClaimed attack.[60]Unknown
1 March 2024Haifa PortClaimed drone strike on a chemical depot inHaifa Port.[61]Unknown
4 March 2024Haifa PortClaimed to target a chemical materials depot in the port of Haifa[62]Unknown
5 March 2024Haifa AirportClaimed drone attack.[63]No verification of the claims.[63]
6 March 2024Kiryat Shmona AirportClaimed drone attack.[64]Unknown
11 March 2024Ben Gurion AirportClaimed drone attack onBen Gurion Airport.[65]No verification of the claims. Shortly after the announcement, Jordanian security sources announced the discovery of drone parts in an uninhabited area.[65]
17 March 2024Fik AirportClaimed drone attack on an Israeli airbase in the occupied Golan Heights.[66]No reports of an attack by the Israeli military, however, the Jordanian military confirmed suspicious aerial movements from an unknown source along the Syrian border.[66]
1 April 2024EilatClaimed responsibility for a drone attack onEilat.[67]The drone struck an IDF Naval Base causing minor damage to a building and no casualties.[68][69]
2 April 2024Ramon AirportUnidentified drone, allegedly of Iraqi origin.The drone was either intercepted or failed to strike its target, falling in an open area 200 meters from the Israel-Jordan border.[70]
8 April 2024Elifelet baseClaimed drone attack.[71]Unknown
9 April 2024EilatDrone attack onEilat coming from eastern direction, suggesting it as originating from Iraq.[72]Shot down with theC-Dome system, marking its first operational use.[72]
9 April 2024AshkelonAttacksIssuing a statement, the Iraqi Resistance group said that: “the anti-Zionist operations were carried out on a vital target in Ashkelon settlement, Ashkelon port, and another region in occupied Palestine.”[73]
13–14 April 2024IsraelAttacked Israel[74] alongside other members of theAxis of Resistance with drones and missiles.Damages caused specifically by Iraqi drones and missiles are unknown.
20 April 2024EilatClaimed the drone attack was in response to the alleged Israeli-American airstrike on thePMU.[75]Unknown
2 May 2024Tel AvivClaimed launched multiple attacks on Israel using cruise missilesThe attack was carried out with multiple Arqub-type cruise missiles and targeted the Israeli city of Tel Aviv for the first time.[76]
7 May 2024EilatClaimed drone attack.[77][78]Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.[79]
11 May 2024Southern IsraelAn attack with a cruise missileA Shiite militia in Iraq on Saturday claimed responsibility for an attack with a cruise missile on a military airbase in Israel.[80]
20 May 2024EilatClaimed three drone attacks.[81][82]Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets and warship.
23 May 2024EilatClaimed drone attack.[83]Both drones intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.
24 May 2024Haifa PortClaimed drone attack.[83]Intercepted drone with Israeli fighter jets.
27 May 2024Eilat[84]Claimed three drone attacks.[81]Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets and warship.
5 June 2024Ships inHaifa PortClaimed two joint drone attacks in coordination with theHouthis against ships in Haifa Port.[85]Denied by Israel.
12 June 2024AshdodClaimed cruise missiles were fired at critically important target in Ashdod in coordination with theHouthis.[86]Claimed successful by Yemeni Houthis and Islamic Resistance in Iraq.
12 June 2024Haifa PortClaimed drone attack on important target in Haifa in coordination with theHouthis.[86]Claimed successful by Yemeni Houthis and Islamic Resistance in Iraq.
22 June 2024Ships inHaifa PortClaimed drone attacks on four vessels in Haifa port in coordination with theHouthis.[87]An explosion occurred in Haifa after an air-defense missile was launched towards the sea. Israel did not comment on the claim, but stated it shot down a drone approaching from the east.[87]
26 June 2024EilatClaimed drone attack on vital target.[88]IDF confirmed it failed to intercept the drone and that it exploded near Eilat. The anti-air missile struck the water off the coast of Eilat.[89]
8 July 2024EilatClaimed drone attacks on Eilat in coordination with theHouthis.[90]Intercepted drones from Red Sea direction with Israeli fighter jets.
18 September 2024NearSea of GalileeIsrael claimed a drone was launched from Iraq.Intercepted the drone with Israeli fighter jets.[91]
22 September 2024Southern andnorthern IsraelClaimed multiple cruise missile and drone attacks on targets in northern and southern Israel.Intercepted cruise missiles and drones using anti-air missiles and Israeli fighter jets.[92]
22 September 2024Golani observation baseClaimed drone attack.Israeli military says interceptors were launched towards the UAV[93]
25 September 2024Military base in Arava desertClaimed drone attack.IDF says drone impacted military base in Arava desert, causing damage but no injuries.[94]
25 September 2024Northern Golan HeightsClaimed drone attacks.Two drones struck open areas in the northern Golan Heights, sparking fires.[95]
25 September 2024EilatIsrael claimed two drones were launched from Iraq. The Iraqi resistance confirmed their responsibility.IDF says one drone impacted theEilat port, causing damage and wounding two people, while the other drone was intercepted by aSa'ar 5-class corvette.[96]
3 October 2024Golani military baseClaimed drone attacks.IDF confirms the drone attack killed two IDF soldiers and injured 24 others.[97]
20 October 2024EilatClaimed drone attacks.A drone launched from Iraq at Israel was shot down by Israeli air defenses.[98]
25 October 2024Eilat andnorthern IsraelClaimed three drone attacks.[99]Unknown

Intervention in the Israel–Hezbollah conflict

Main article:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)

On 9 January 2024, theKata'ib Hezbollah spokesperson Jafar al-Husseini warned that the Islamic Resistance in Iraq would helpHezbollah fight Israel if war erupted between the two sides.[100] This statement came a few weeks after the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on aKarish rig which Lebanonclaims to hold sovereignty over.[101] In June 2024, many Iraqi officials within the IRI network vowed to support Hezbollah with soldiers if the conflict with Israel escalated into an all-out war.[102]

On 24 June 2024,Qais al-Khazali, the leader ofAsa'ib Ahl al-Haq, stated in a televised speech that if the US continued to support Israel in expanding the war to Lebanon and Hezbollah, the group would begin to attack US interests in Iraq and the Middle East.[103]

Involvement in the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict

Main article:2024 Iran–Israel conflict

In Iran'smissile and drone strikes against Israel, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq had contributed to the attacks on Israel, alongside Iran, theYemeni Houthis, and an unidentified faction in Syria. This was by their launch of drones and missiles at targets in Israel.[104][105][106] The United States, United Kingdom, and Jordan intercepted many of the drones but many did hit various locations within Israel and the occupied Golan Heights.[107][108]

In response to alleged Israeli bombardment ofPopular Mobilization Forces bases in Iraq, which killed a soldier and injured several others, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed a drone attack targetingEilat.[109]

Intervention in the United States–Houthi conflict

Main article:United States–Houthi conflict (2023–present)

On 11 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq said that if Yemen isattacked by the US and UK, "we will attack the Americans' base with everything in our power".[110] After the initial US-UK airstrikes on Yemen, there were reports of a bomb and sirens being heard at theUS Embassy in Iraq.[111] In the same month, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq launched adrone attack on a US base in Jordan, killing three US soldiers and injuring 47 others.

US retaliation airstrikes

Main articles:Attacks on US bases during the Gaza war § US response, andFebruary 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria

On 21 November 2023, a US AC-130-gunship struck aKata'ib Hezbollah vehicle nearAbu Ghraib, Iraq in response to the Islamic Resistance In Iraq's 20 November attack on Ain al Assad Airbase.[112]

On 2 February 2024, the US launched retaliatory airstrikes targeting Iran-backed militias in Iraq and Syria, in response to an attack that killed three US troops in Jordan. On 7 February, a US drone strike on a vehicle in the Mashtal neighborhood of Baghdad killed a commander of Kata'ib HezbollahAbu Baqir Al-Saadi.

See also

Notes

  1. ^TheAssad regimecollapsed following aSyrian opposition offensive in December 2024

References

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