TheIrish Bulletin was the officialgazette of the government of theIrish Republic. It was produced by theDepartment of Propaganda during theIrish War of Independence. and its offices were originally located at No. 6Harcourt Street,Dublin. The paper's first editor wasDesmond FitzGerald, until his arrest and replacement byErskine Childers.The Bulletin appeared in weekly editions from 11 November 1919 until the time of ratification of theAnglo-Irish Treaty in 1922.[1]
In April 1919,Terence MacSwiney proposed the establishment of a daily paper by theDáil for the purpose of publicity. His suggestion was not implemented until November, when 'Desmond Fitzgerald decided that some form of printed counter-propaganda was vital to republican aims and to take advantage of the success ofSinn Féin and the increasing international interest in Ireland'.[2] Fitzgerald succeededLaurence Ginnell in the Ministry following the latter's arrest in April 1919, though he did not take up the position until July.[citation needed] At a Cabinet meeting held on 7 November, there was agreement that there should be "A scheme for daily news bulletin to foreign correspondents, weekly lists of atrocities; entertainment of friendly journalists approved, and £500 voted for expenses under Mr. Griffith's personal supervision." Four days later theIrish Bulletin made its début, in a run consisting of just thirty copies.[3] Five issues of the bulletin were issued each week for the next two years, despite efforts by the British authorities to suppress it.[4]
In the early days, the paper was produced mainly byFrank Gallagher[5] andRobert Brennan. Brennan, as Sinn Féin's Director of Publicity since April 1918, had played a leading role in that party's success in the 1918 General Election.[6]
Following Fitzgerald's arrest in 1921, Erskine Childers was appointedDirector of Propaganda taking charge of publicity and thus becoming the paper's new editor.[7][8]On 9 May 1921, both Childers and Gallagher were arrested and taken toDublin Castle. Following the intervention of'Andy' Cope, both were released that night and 'went on the run'. The hasty release of the two led to speculation betweenArt O'Brien andMichael Collins that there was a rift developing between the British military authorities and the civil administration. Despite the arrests, theBulletin 'continued to appear on schedule'.[9]Alan J. Ellis, a journalist with theCork Examiner made occasional contributions to the paper.[10]Kathleen Napoli McKenna was 'a key force behind the daily news-sheet.[11]
In the early days, theBulletin consisted mainly of lists of raids by the security forces and the arrests of suspects. In order to stimulate interest, this was expanded in 1921[12] at the behest of the Irish President in his direction to Childers to give more detailed accounts of events. Extracts from foreign publications, particularly sympathetic English papers, were frequently included. A regular feature was accounts from theDáil Courts, which were reported in detail. TheBulletin was more graphic in its coverage of violence than was usual for its time. An example was its reporting on the deaths of two prominent Sinn Féin leaders, Henry and Patrick Loughnane, from Shanaglish,Gort,County Galway. The men had been handed over by theRoyal Irish Constabulary to local members of theAuxiliary Division.[13]
On Dec 6th, the bodies were found in a pond. The skulls were battered in and the flesh was hanging loose on both bodies.The two men were evidently tied by the neck to a motor lorry and dragged after it until they were dead. Before the bodies were hidden in a pond an effort was made to burn them.[14]
On the night of 26–27 March 1921, the offices of the Irish Bulletin were discovered by the British authorities.[15] Captured typewriters and duplicators were used to fabricate bogus issues of the paper. These were distributed to the usual subscribers using lists found at the office.[16]Lord Henry Cavendish-BentinckMP on receiving some of the counterfeit papers through the post, asked in the House that those responsible 'not (to) waste their money in sending me any more of their forgeries.'[17] The initial efforts of the forgers, CaptainsHugh Pollard and William Darling were of poor quality and easily identified as counterfeit.[18][19]
