 Dey House, home of the Iowa Writers' Workshop | |
Other name | University of Iowa Writers' Workshop |
|---|---|
| Type | MFA degree program |
| Established | 1936; 89 years ago (1936) |
| Director | Lan Samantha Chang |
| Students | 90 (Fall 2022) |
| Location | ,, United States 41°40′02″N91°32′06″W / 41.66727°N 91.53502°W /41.66727; -91.53502 |
| Website | writersworkshop |
TheIowa Writers' Workshop, at theUniversity of Iowa, is a graduate-levelcreative writing program.[1] At 89 years, it is the oldest writing program offering aMaster of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in theUnited States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7%[2] and 3.7%.[3] On the university's behalf, the workshop administers theTruman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and theIowa Short Fiction Award.
The workshop's current director is the writerLan Samantha Chang,[4] under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.[5]
In 1897, theater producerGeorge Cram Cook began teaching a class called "Verse-Making", effectively the University of Iowa's first creative writing class.[6] In 1922, Dean Carl Seashore of the University of Iowa Graduate College allowed creative writing to be accepted as theses for advanced degrees. Later, the School of Letters began selecting students for writing courses in which they were tutored by resident and visiting writers. The Iowa Writers' Workshop began as an official program in 1936, withWilbur Schramm as its first director.[7]
UnderPaul Engle, its second director from 1941 to 1965, the program became a national landmark and was divided into fiction and poetry. He partnered withEsquire for a 1959 symposium titled "The Writer in Mass Culture" that included as guestsNorman Mailer,Ralph Ellison, andMark Harris, and was covered inNewsweek. In 1962, Engle and his wife,Hualing Nieh Engle, started the country's first translation workshop, which led to the creation of the university's MFA program in literary translation. In 1967, the couple founded the International Writing Program,[6] and in 1976, they were nominated for theNobel Peace Prize for their work facilitating creative and cultural exchange through the International Writing Program. A reported over 300 writers supported them for the honor, which the Nobel Committee eventually did not give that year.[8]
Engle secured donations for the workshop from the business community for about 20 years, including locals such asMaytag andQuaker Oats, as well asU.S. Steel andReader's Digest.[9] Between 1953 and 1956, theRockefeller Foundation donated $40,000.Henry Luce, the publisher ofTIME andLife magazines, andGardner Cowles Jr., who publishedLook magazine, provided publicity for the workshop's events.[citation needed]
Subsequent directors were George Starbuck (1965–69),[10]John Leggett (1969–86),[11] andFrank Conroy (1987–2005), whose 19 years at the helm made him the longest-serving director.
Lan Samantha Chang was appointed the Workshop's sixth director in 2006.[10] She is the program's first female, first Asian American, and first nonwhite director, and has held the role for 17 years.
The Writers' Workshop originated in temporary military barracks-style buildings near the Iowa River, the present location of the Iowa Memorial Union, but in 1966 moved to the English-Philosophy Building. In 1997, it moved to its current location, Dey House. The Glenn Schaeffer Library and Archives, an extension including a library and reading room, classrooms, and faculty offices, was added to Dey House in 2006.[6]
The Workshop was formed by Norman Foerster's passionate support for creative writing andWilbur Schramm's conviction that writing should be as technical and rigorous a pursuit as any traditional literature degree. The workshop model for higher education creative writing was created in that pursuit of technical intensity. The model constantly exposed students to outside opinions on their fiction and created a pressurized atmosphere that forced students to rein in their emotional reactions and consider their work analytically. The Workshop operated without the characteristic assumption of the time that artists needed to be unleashed, instead opting to focus and refine them.[12] While intended to serve fiction writers, the Workshop began to change in the 1970s when its first nonfiction thesis was accepted. Ever since, the Workshop has produced many literary journalists and shaped public perception of creative nonfiction.[13]
The program's curriculum requires students to take a small number of classes each semester, including the Graduate Fiction Workshop or Graduate Poetry Workshop and one or two additional literature seminars. These requirements are meant to prepare students for the realities of professional writing, where self-discipline is paramount. The graduate workshop courses meet weekly. Before each three-hour class, a small number of students submit material for critical reading by their peers. The class consists of a round-table discussion during which the students and the instructor discuss each piece. How classes are conducted varies by teacher and between poetry and fiction. The ideal result is not only that writers come away with insights into their work's strengths and weaknesses, but that the class as a whole derives insight, whether general or specific, about the process of writing.[14]
When the Workshop received the National Humanities Medal in 2002, then director Conroy explained its ethos: "It is a focused program, likeJuilliard. We read constantly, rereading the classics. They can write anything they want. We teach them what we've learned as writers."[15]
In a 2022 interview, Chang said:
We don't have a quota about where people are from or what kind of writing they do. What we look for is work that is filled with energy, work that interests us. I'm sure, every year, there are many, many very good writers who go elsewhere because we don't admit them. But we try to be very open. I would say that we look for work that excites us. Frank Conroy used to describe it as feeling someone reaching off the page at you when you're reading, feeling tension in the language.[16]
Former faculty have includedKurt Vonnegut,Richard Yates,Philip Roth,John Cheever, andMarilynne Robinson.
As of January 2023, the workshop's faculty areJamel Brinkley,Charles D'Ambrosio,Margot Livesey, and Ladee Hubbard in fiction;Ethan Canin in English and creative writing;James Galvin,Mark Levine,Tracie Morris,Elizabeth Willis in poetry; and Program DirectorLan Samantha Chang. Visiting faculty areAlexia Arthurs,Tom Drury and Amy Parker.[17]
In 1986, during the 50th anniversary of the Workshop,The New York Times wrote: "At 50, the Iowa workshop is something of a dowager, standing unshakably in the mainstream of our literary life."[14]
In 2019, five graduates wonGuggenheim Fellowships.[18] In April 2021, theAmerican Academy of Arts and Letters recognized seven graduates and former faculty: five graduates and a former visiting faculty member received awards, and an alumna was elected to membership. In response to the news, Chang said:
The graduates being distinguished by the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2021 came to the Iowa Writers' Workshop over a period of more than four decades. This reflects the strength and longevity of the Iowa Writers' Workshop and creative writing at Iowa.[19]
Graduates have gone on to become directors of other notable creative writing MFA programs, includingWallace Stegner atStanford University,Eileen Pollack at theUniversity of Michigan,Vance Bourjaily atLouisiana State University,[20]Bret Anthony Johnston at theUniversity of Texas, Austin'sMichener Center,[21] andAdam Haslett atThe City University of New York'sHunter College. They have also become top editors at major publishers. These includeHaki R. Madhubuti, founder ofThird World Press;Jill Bialosky, executive editor and vice president atW. W. Norton & Company; and Thomas Gebremedhin, vice president and executive editor ofDoubleday.[22] Among them have also been editors of major publications, includingD. Herbert Lipson ofEbony, and curators, such as Christine Kuan, former CEO and director ofSotheby's Institute of Art New York.
On theHBO showGirls, the character Hannah Horvath enrolls in the Iowa Writers' Workshop.[23]
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