Iowa Supreme Court
Iowa Judicial Branch Building
Interactive map of Iowa Supreme Court
Established	1846
Jurisdiction	Iowa,United States
Location	Des Moines, Iowa
Composition method	Missouri Plan
Authorized by	Iowa Constitution
Appeals to	Supreme Court of the United States
Judge term length	8 years
Number of positions	7
Website	Official website
Chief Justice
Currently	Susan Christensen
Since	February 24, 2020

TheIowa Supreme Court is thehighest court in theU.S. state ofIowa. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices.

The Court holds its regular sessions inDes Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building located at 1111 East Court Avenue on the state Capitol grounds, south of theIowa State Capitol.

In 1846, Iowa became the 29th state to join theUnited States. Following the constitution of the Federal government, the powers of the government in Iowa were divided into the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. TheIowa General Assembly divided the state into four judicial districts, and Supreme Court justices were to serve six year terms, while district judges were elected for five year terms. TheConstitution of Iowa of 1857 increased the number of judicial districts to 11, and allowed the General Assembly to reorganize districts after 1860 and every four years thereafter.^[1]

The Supreme Court of Iowa is anappellate court. An appellate court reviews decisions of trial courts in which appeals have been allowed. An appellate court does not preside over trials. Appellate court hearings do not involve witnesses, juries, new evidence, or court reporters. Instead, an appellate court reviews the written record of the trial court to determine whether any significant legal errors occurred

The seven-member Supreme Court of Iowa has many important responsibilities.^[2]

• The Court is the "court of last resort" or the highest court in the Iowa state court system. Its opinions are binding on all other Iowa state courts.
• The Iowa Supreme Court has the sole power to admit persons to practice as attorneys in the courts of Iowa, to prescribe rules to supervise attorney conduct, and to discipline attorneys.
• The Court is responsible for promulgating rules of procedure and practice used throughout the state courts.
• The Supreme Court has supervisory and administrative control over the judicial branch and over all judicial officers and court employees.

Justices are appointed by thegovernor from a list of nominees submitted by theState Judicial Nominating Commission. A justice serves an initial term consisting of one year plus whatever time remains until the January 1st following the next judicialretention election after the expiration of the one year period.^[3][4] The regular term of office of justices retained at election is eight years. A justice must retire upon reaching the age of 72. The justices elect the chief justice. Terms end on December 31 of the year listed.

This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(January 2015)

In re Ralph, a colored man,^[5] July 4, 1839 was the first reported decision in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Iowa, a federal court with jurisdiction similar to that the Iowa Supreme Court would eventually hold when Iowa achieved statehood. It was decided twenty six years before the13th Amendment, eighteen years beforeDred Scott, and seven years before Iowa was granted statehood. A black man from Missouri, Ralph, was allowed to travel to Iowa to work, in an attempt to purchase his freedom. When Ralph could not obtain the amount needed, the slave owner sent bounty hunters to return Ralph to Missouri. The opinion denied the slave owner while giving Ralph his freedom, expounding that the law "extend[s] equal protection to men of all colors and conditions".^[6]

In 1868, the Iowa Supreme Court decidedClark v. Board of School Directors,^[7] ruling that racially segregated "separate but equal" schools had no place in Iowa, 86 years before theU.S. Supreme Court reached the same decision.^[8]

In 1869, Iowa became the first state in the union to admit women to the practice of law, with the Court ruling that women may not be denied the right to practice law in Iowa and admittingArabella Mansfield to the practice of law.^[9]

The Court heardCoger v. The North Western Union Packet Co.^[10] in 1873, ruling againstracial discrimination in public accommodations 91 years before the U.S. Supreme Court reached the same decision.^[9]

On April 3, 2009, inVarnum v. Brien,^[11] the Iowa Supreme Court unanimously struck down a statutorysame-sex marriage ban as unconstitutional, joining the highest judicial bodies ofMassachusetts,Connecticut,California, andHawaii as the fifth court to rule for the right of same-sex marriage under the state constitution.^[12] At the next judicial retention election in 2010, voters removed all three justices facing a retention vote.^[13] It was the first time any Iowa Supreme Court justice had been removed by voters.^[13] Chief JusticeMarsha Ternus, JusticeMichael Streit, and JusticeDavid L. Baker each received support from 45% or less of voters.^[13]

Marissa Nelson, a dental assistant, filed suit against her former employer Dr. James Knight, who terminated her employment at the insistence of his wife. Nelson had previously been texting Knight about personal matters outside work. On December 21, 2012, the court issued a 7-0 decision siding with Knight. The opinion, authored byEdward Mansfield, held that the termination of Nelson's employment did not constitute unlawful sex discrimination.^[14][15]

The Court heard arguments in a lawsuit brought against the state of Iowa and the Iowa Board of Medicine byPlanned Parenthood and Dr. Jill Meadows regarding a 72-hourwaiting period to receive an abortion enacted by the state legislature and signed into law byGovernor Terry Branstad in 2017. The Court decided in a 5-2 majority opinion, authored byChief Justice Mark Cady, that the waiting period violated the due process and equal protection clauses of theIowa Constitution because its restrictions "are not narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest of the state." Justice Cady argued that the state can inform women about abortion, including providing information about adoption, but that a 72-hour waiting period does not serve this interest sufficiently narrowly and imposes an undue burden on Iowan women.^[16]

In June 2022, the Court, in a 5–2 vote, found that the Iowa Constitution did not protect a right to an abortion, overruling its 2018 decision. The Court upheld a law establishing a 24-hour waiting period.^[17][18][19]

• Courts of Iowa

• Iowa Supreme Court
• Iowa Supreme Court Justices

41°35′18″N93°36′04″W / 41.588273°N 93.601193°W /41.588273; -93.601193

• Iowa state courts
• State supreme courts of the United States
• 1846 establishments in Iowa
• Courts and tribunals established in 1846

• Webarchive template wayback links
• All articles with dead external links
• Articles with dead external links from September 2017
• Articles with permanently dead external links
• Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use mdy dates from February 2025
• Pages using infobox mapframe without shape links in Wikidata
• Articles with hCards
• Incomplete lists from January 2015
• Coordinates on Wikidata
• Pages using the Kartographer extension