The Internet country codetop-level domain (ccTLD) for Italy is.it and is sponsored byConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. The.eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.
Currently Internet access is available to businesses and home users in various forms, including dial-up, fiber, cable, DSL, and wireless.
Sublink Network was a non-profit association founded inItaly in 1989 to allow cost-sharing access to theInternet. Sublink Network was registered with the sublink.org domain (this domain now belongs to one of the founders). Sublink Network had its own sublink.* newsgroup hierarchy and a gateway with the Italian branch ofFidoNet.
Sublink was the very first public (non-academic) internet email and newsgroup network in Italy, with very low access fees (around $100 a year), fast backbone modems running at 19200bit/s (the average modem was 2400 bit/s at that time), and fully registered to the NIC. When after 1997, low costPPP commercial access to the Internet started to become available, interest for UUCP cost-share Internet feeds started to decline and the association was naturally dissolved.
According to netindex.com, the Italian average for fixed connections is below the global average (96.98 Mbit/s Down and 51.28 Mbit/s Up at january 2021) with an average speed of 79.62 Mbit/s Down and 31.41 Mbit/s in upload (consideration based on the public data available at:Italy Median Country Speeds - January 2021).
According to data released by the fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) Council Europe, Italy represents one of the largest FTTH markets in Europe, with more than 2.5 million homes passed by fibre at end-December 2010;[1] at the same date the country reported around 348,000 fibre subscribers.[1] The "Fibre for Italy" project (with the participation of providersFastweb,Vodafone andWind in a co-investment partnership) aims to reach 20 million people in Italy's 15 largest cities by 2015,[1] and Telecom Italia plans to connect 138 cities by 2018.[1] The government has also started the Italia Digitale project, which aims to provide at least 50% of Italians with high-speed internet access by 2020. The government aims to extend the fibre-optic network to rural areas.
WhileADSL2+ with speeds up to 20/1 Mbit/s is still the most widely common subscription available in Italy, the main telephone company in the country (TIM) is investing 12 billion € in the period of 2016-2018, with the aim of reaching 84% of the homes with broadband connection (100 Mbit/s) before the end of 2018.[2] Despite this, there's a debate going because the company is still investing on copper and on the fiber-to-the-cabinet (FTTC) technology, instead of bringing fibre directly to the home everywhere. The FTTC and VDSL2 technologies can currently bring up to 100/20 Mbit/s connections to the final customer.[3][4][5] TIM and Fastweb have plans to increase FTTC speeds with vectoring to up to 200/50 Mbit/s streams before the end of 2016.[6]
The FTTH network is developing as well, with a standard 10.000/5000/2500/1000/100 Mbit/s connection[7] (up to 10.000 Mbit/s with TIM[8][9]) at the same subscription price as FTTC .
In 2025 a new standard has been announced for the Italian FTTH network. The company Openfiber is working on a new 100Gbps connectivity.[10]
Figures published by theNational Institute of Statistics showed in late-2011 that 58.8% of Italian families had a personal computer (up slightly from 57.6% in 2010);[11] 54.5% had access to the internet (up from 52.4%);[11] and 45.8% had broadband access (up from 43.4%).[11] Over one-quarter (26.3%, down slightly from 26.4% in 2010) of Italian internet users aged fourteen years and older made an online purchase during 2011.[11]
Ananti-terrorism law amended in 2005, after the terrorists attacks inMadrid andLondon,[12] by then-Minister of the InteriorGiuseppe Pisanu, restricted the opening of newWi-Fi Hotspots,[13] subjecting interested entities to first apply for permission to open at thePolice Headquarters of jurisdiction[13][14] and that such hotspot's customers were subjected to identification, by presenting anidentity document.[13][14] This inhibited the opening of hotspots across Italy,[12] with a number of hotspots 5 times lower than France and the conspicuous absence ofMunicipal wireless networks.[12] Considering the above-mentioned law was too strict, aproposed law was proposed to facilitate the opening and access of Wi-Fi Hotspots,[15] although it was not clear how it should have been possible.[15]Only at the end of 2010, a bipartisan bill allowed for the repeal of article 7 of the Pisanu law.[16] The abrogation was finally made by theMonti Cabinet, which has not entered the renewal extension in the decree of 2011, so that the provision is no longer in force since January 1, 2012.[17][18]
Currently internet filtering in Italy is applied on web-sites which display child pornography[19] and on some P2P web-sites (including the most famousThe Pirate Bay). A pervasive filtering is applied to those gambling websites that don't have a local license to operate in Italy.[20]
In February 2023, Italy's Data Protection Authority (GPDP) banned the AI chatbotReplika, citing potential risks it posed to minors and people with emotional fragility.[21] The next month, the GPDP orderedOpenAI to blockChatGPT, citing privacy concerns in how personal data is processed and failure to verify if users are over age 13.[22] OpenAI restored access to its chatbot by the end of April, saying it had addressed or clarified the GPDP's concerns.[23]
In October 2020, the vice secretary of theConte II Cabinet Andrea Martella proposed to make mandatory forover-the-top media service the payment of copyright royalties in favour of the content producers,[24] and also to introduce aweb tax to provide public schools and for individual citizens with discounted subscriptions of Italian online and paper journals.[25] He also suggested to speed up the conversion decrees of theEU copyright directive, to extend the censoring powers of the Italian public authorityAutorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (AgCom) in order to contrastonline piracy andfake news,[24] and to establish aminimum wage for unstable journalists of the Italian newspapers.[26]
In 2023, a law was passed which requires all ISPs,public DNS servers, andVPN services to participate in a site blocking scheme known as Piracy Shield, which is intended to prevent piracy of premium content such as television programming and sports broadcasts. Site blocking requests are made by rightsholders without judicial review, and processed by AgCom. Participants must implement the requests within 30 minutes.[27][28]
