Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

Coordinates:53°33′04″N9°51′03″E / 53.55111°N 9.85083°E /53.55111; 9.85083
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Intergovernmental organization

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Tribunal international du droit de la mer (French)
Official logo of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Official logo
LocationGermanyHamburg,Germany
Working languages
Judges from21 nations
Leaders
• President
Iceland Judge Tomas Heidar
• Vice President
India Judge Neeru Chadha
Establishment
• UNCLOS adopted
10 December 1982
• UNCLOS in force
16 November 1994
A large building with trees in front
ITLOS seen fromElbchaussee, close to the RiverElbe

TheInternational Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is anintergovernmental organization created by the mandate of theThird United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. It was established by theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed atMontego Bay, Jamaica, on December 10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on November 16, 1994, and established an international framework for law over all ocean space, its uses and resources. The ITLOS is one of fourdispute resolution mechanisms listed in Article 287 of the UNCLOS.[1] Although the Tribunal was established by a United Nations convention, it is not, as such, a United Nations agency. Even so, it maintains close links with the United Nations and in 1997 the Tribunal concluded an Agreement on Cooperation and Relationship between the United Nations and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which establishes a mechanism for cooperation between the two institutions.[2]

The Tribunal is based inHamburg, Germany. The Convention also established theInternational Seabed Authority, with responsibility for the regulation ofseabed mining beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. As of July 2024, there are currently 157 signatories, 169 participant states plus theEuropean Union.[3] As of December 2022[update], holdouts included theUnited States[4] andIran.[5]

Composition

[edit]

According to its founding statute, the Tribunal has a set of 21 judges who serve from a variety of states parties, "according to a method that intends to assure anequitable geographical representation".[6]

At the request ofChile and the European Union, the Tribunal set up a special chamber composed of five judges to deal with theCase concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean (Chile/European Community).[citation needed]

By agreement of the partiesGhana andIvory Coast, the Tribunal formed a special chamber composed of five judges to deal with theDispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean (Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire).[citation needed]

By agreement of the partiesMauritius andMaldives, the Tribunal formed a special chamber of seven permanent judges and twoad hoc judges to deal with theDispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius/Maldives).[7]

Seats

[edit]

Disputes referred to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or one of its chambers can be heard inGermany[8] or inSingapore.[9][10] So far, no case has been heard outside Germany.[11]

Current judges

[edit]
Judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
CountryNameInaugurationPresidentVice president
Cape VerdeCabo VerdeJosé Luís Jesus19992008–2011
AlgeriaAlgeriaBoualem Bouguetaia20082014–2017
MaltaMaltaDavid Attard20112017–2020
UkraineUkraineMarkiyan Kulyk2011
IcelandIcelandTomas Heiðar20142023–present
ParaguayParaguayÓscar Cabello Sarubbi2017
IndiaIndiaNeeru Chadha20172023–present
ThailandThailandKriangsak Kittichaisaree2017
RussiaRussiaRoman Kolodkin2017
NetherlandsNetherlandsLiesbeth Lijnzaad2017
ChileChileMaría Teresa Infante Caffi2020
ChinaChinaDuan Jielong2020
JamaicaJamaicaKathy-Ann Brown2020
ItalyItalyIda Caracciolo2020
CameroonCameroonMaurice Kamga2020
ArgentinaArgentinaFrida Maria Armas Pfirter2023
JapanJapanHidehisa Horinouchi2023
South AfricaSouth AfricaThembile Elphus Joyini2023
South KoreaSouth KoreaZha Hyoung Rhee2023
Sierra LeoneSierra LeoneOsman Keh Kamara2023
PolandPolandKonrad Jan Marciniak2023

Former judges

[edit]
Former judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
CountryNameInaugurationUntilPresidentVice president
LebanonLebanonJoseph Akl199620172005–2008
United KingdomUnited KingdomDavid Heywood Anderson19962005
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoLennox Fitzroy Ballah20022003
BrazilBrazilAntonio Cachapuz de Medeiros20162016
ArgentinaArgentinaHugo Caminos19962011
IndiaIndiaP. Chandrasekhara Rao199620171999–2002
FranceFranceJean-Pierre Cot20022020
IcelandIcelandGuðmundur Eiríksson19962002
CameroonCameroonPaul Engo19962008
ChinaChinaGao Zhiguo20082020
MexicoMexicoAlonso Gómez-Robledo Verduzco20142023
RussiaRussiaVladimir Golitsyn200820172014–2017
South AfricaSouth AfricaAlbert Hoffmann200520232020–20232011–2014
GrenadaTanzaniaJames Kateka20052023
ArgentinaArgentinaElsa Kelly20112020
RussiaRussiaAnatoly Kolodkin19962008
BelizeBelizeEdward Arthur Laing19962001
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoAnthony Lucky20032020
BrazilBrazilVicente Marotta Rangel19962015
TunisiaTunisiaMohamed Mouldi Marsit19962005
GhanaGhanaThomas Mensah199620051996–1999
SenegalSenegalTafsir Malick Ndiaye19962020
GrenadaGrenadaDolliver Nelson199620142002–20051999–2002
South KoreaSouth KoreaPaik Jin-hyun200920232017–2020
South KoreaSouth KoreaChoon-ho Park19962008
PolandPolandStanisław Pawlak20052023
ItalyItalyTullio Treves19962011
AustriaAustriaHelmut Türk200520142008–2011
CroatiaCroatiaBudislav Vukas199620052002–2005
TanzaniaTanzaniaJoseph Warioba19962008
GermanyGermanyRüdiger Wolfrum199620172005–20081996–1999
ChinaChinaXu Guangjian20012007
JapanJapanSoji Yamamoto19962005
JapanJapanShunji Yanai200520232011–2014
BulgariaBulgariaAlexander Yankov19962011
ChinaChinaZhao Lihai19962000

Cases

[edit]
Cases of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
NameApplicantRespondentCase beganCase endedDisposition
The M/V "Saiga" CaseSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesGuinea13 November 19974 December 1997Judgment on prompt release
The M/V "Saiga" (No. 2) CaseSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesGuinea13 January 19981 July 1999Judgment on merits
Southern Bluefin Tuna CasesNew ZealandJapan30 July 199927 August 1999Order on provisional measures
Australia
The "Camouco" CasePanamaFrance17 January 20007 February 2000Judgment on prompt release
The "Monte Confurco" CaseSeychellesFrance27 November 200018 December 2000Judgment on prompt release
Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific OceanChile /European Union[A]19 December 200016 December 2009Terminated at request of parties
The "Grand Prince" CaseBelizeFrance21 March 200120 April 2001Judgment on prompt release
The "Chaisiri Reefer 2" CasePanamaYemen3 July 200113 July 2001Terminated at request of parties
The MOX Plant CaseIrelandUnited Kingdom9 November 20013 December 2001Order on provisional measures
The "Volga" CaseRussiaAustralia2 December 200223 December 2002Judgment on prompt release
Case concerning Land Reclamation by Singapore in and Around the Straits of JohorMalaysiaSingapore5 September 20038 October 2003Order on provisional measures
The "Juno Trader" CaseSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesGuinea-Bissau18 November 200418 December 2004Judgment on prompt release
The "Hoshinmaru" CaseJapanRussia6 July 20076 August 2007Judgment on prompt release
The "Tomimaru" CaseJapanRussia6 July 20076 August 2007Judgment on prompt release
Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of BengalBangladesh /Myanmar14 December 200914 March 2012Judgment on merits
Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the AreaInternational Seabed Authority14 May 20101 February 2011Advisory opinion
The M/V "Louisa" CaseSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSpain24 November 201028 May 2013Judgment on merits
The M/V "Virginia G" CasePanama /Guinea-Bissau4 July 201114 April 2014Judgment on merits
The "ARA Libertad" CaseArgentinaGhana14 November 201215 December 2012Order on provisional measures
Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC)Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission28 March 20132 April 2015Advisory opinion
The "Arctic Sunrise" CaseNetherlandsRussia21 October 201322 November 2013Order on provisional measures
Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic OceanGhana /Ivory Coast3 December 201423 September 2017Judgment on merits
The "Enrica Lexie" IncidentItalyIndia21 July 201524 August 2015Order on provisional measures
The M/V "Norstar" CasePanamaItaly17 December 201510 April 2019Judgment on merits
Case concerning the Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval VesselsUkraineRussia16 April 201925 May 2019Order on provisional measures
The M/T "San Padre Pio" Case  SwitzerlandNigeria21 May 20196 July 2019Order on provisional measures
Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian OceanMauritius /Maldives24 September 2019Ongoing
The M/T "San Padre Pio" (No. 2) Case  Switzerland /Nigeria17 December 201929 December 2021Terminated at request of parties
The M/T "Heroic Idun" CaseMarshall IslandsEquatorial Guinea10 November 202215 November 2022Terminated at request of applicant
Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International LawCommission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law12 December 202221 May 2024Advisory Opinion
The M/T "Heroic Idun" (No. 2) CaseMarshall Islands /Equatorial Guinea27 April 2023Ongoing
The “Zheng He” CaseLuxembourgMexico3 June 2024Ongoing
  1. ^The European Union replaced and succeeded theEuropean Community as a party to the case on 1 December 2009.

References

[edit]
  1. ^SM Mitchell; EJ Powell."Forum Shopping for the Best Adjudicator: Conflict Management and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Itlos)"(PDF).APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper. American Political Science Association.
  2. ^"International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Relationship with the United Nations".ITLOS. Retrieved25 May 2023.
  3. ^"United Nations Treaty Collection".treaties.un.org. Retrieved29 July 2024.
  4. ^Groves, Steven (12 March 2012)."Accession to U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea Would Expose the U.S. to Baseless Climate Change Lawsuits". The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
  5. ^"Iran strikes in Strait of Hormuz as Middle East tanker tensions explode". Trade Winds. 22 July 2019.
  6. ^García-Revillo, Miguel G. (2016). "3. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)".Yearbook of International Environmental Law.27:424–426.doi:10.1093/yiel/yvx077.
  7. ^"Press release"(PDF).ITLOS. 27 September 2019. Retrieved28 October 2020.
  8. ^"International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Seat".ITLOS. Retrieved2 February 2022.
  9. ^ITLOS."ITLOS AND SINGAPORE SIGN MODEL AGREEMENT TO ENABLE THE TRIBUNAL TO SIT IN SINGAPORE"(PDF).
  10. ^Auto, Hermes (11 June 2020)."Law of the sea disputes can now be heard in Singapore under signed agreement | The Straits Times".straitstimes.com. Retrieved2 February 2022.
  11. ^"International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Seat".www.itlos.org. Retrieved29 July 2024.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toInternational Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
Portals:

53°33′04″N9°51′03″E / 53.55111°N 9.85083°E /53.55111; 9.85083

International
National
Academics
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Tribunal_for_the_Law_of_the_Sea&oldid=1329103016"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp