 | |
| Abbreviation | IBAF |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1938; 87 years ago (1938) |
| Type | International sport federation |
| Purpose | Sport governing body |
| Headquarters | Lausanne, Switzerland |
| Location | |
Region served | Worldwide |
| Membership | 124 National Federations |
Official language | English,Spanish |
President | Riccardo Fraccari |
Parent organization | WBSC |
| Website | www.IBAF.org |
TheInternational Baseball Federation (IBAF) is the former internationalgoverning body ofbaseball. It has since been superseded by theWorld Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), and continues to exist as the WBSC's baseball division. Between 1944 and 1975, it was known by its Spanish-language name, as theFederación Internacional de Béisbol Amateur, orFIBA.
Prior to the establishment of the WBSC, the IBAF was the sole entity recognized by theInternational Olympic Committee as overseeing the sport, and as the designated organizer and promoter of major international tournaments like theBaseball World Cup (originally the Amateur World Series) and theIntercontinental Cup. It also organized theinauguralWorld Baseball Classic (WBC), in cooperation withMajor League Baseball, in 2006.
One of its principal responsibilities as the WBSC's umbrella is to organize, standardize and sanction international competitions, using the WBSC name, among baseball's 124 national governing bodies through its various tournaments to determine a world champion and calculateworld rankings for both men's and women's baseball. Its offices are housed within the WBSC headquarters inLausanne, Switzerland—the Olympic Capital.
The first-ever international baseball event was a series of exhibition games that took place during the1904 Summer Olympics inSt. Louis, United States. The exhibition proved so successful that it was given an encore at the1912 Summer Olympics inStockholm, Sweden.
The two popular showings in St. Louis and Stockholm laid the groundwork for baseball's international surge in popularity, leading the sport to be placed onto the program as an exhibition sport at the1936 Summer Olympics. This exhibition was extremely well received as 92,565 spectators filled theOlympic Stadium in Berlin to watch a game between two teams from the US.
Following the success of Berlin, the first everBaseball World Cup was organized inLondon, England, in August 1938. The United States and Great Britain engaged in five games, of which the British won four.
The growth of baseball competitions involving the representation of countries, coupled with the birth of the Baseball World Cup, provided the need for an institution to help develop, organize, regulate and oversee these events, thus the International Baseball Federation was established in 1938. It was initially headquartered in the offices ofOrange Bowl Stadium inMiami,Florida.[1]
Conflicts ofWorld War II prompted the IOC to cancel the Summer Games that had been scheduled to take place in Tokyo in 1940 and in London in 1944, thereby halting baseball's tour as a demonstration sport. Nevertheless, by 1950, FIBA was able to expand the format of the Baseball World Cup that was contested inManagua, Nicaragua, to 12 participating countries.
In 1951, thePan American Games were established and baseball was on the official program from the onset. In April 1953, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Spain came together to establish what is now known as theConfederation of European Baseball and organized the first everEuropean Baseball Championship a year later.
TheBaseball Federation of Asia (BFA) was founded in May 1954 as the second continental confederation under the umbrella of FIBA. The BFA wasted little time in organizing its first continental tournament, as it celebrated theAsian Baseball Championship in December of that same year inManila, Philippines.
The exposure of baseball to an international audience continued at the1956 Summer Olympics, which saw approximately 114,000 spectators slowly fill theMelbourne Cricket Ground to witness Australia vs. US in a demonstration contest inMelbourne, Australia. This crowd of 114,000 was registered as aGuinness World Record for the largest attendance for any single baseball game. (The record lasted over 50 years before it was broken at a March 29, 2008Major League Baseball exhibition game between theBoston Red Sox andLos Angeles Dodgers that drew 115,300 people to theLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum.)
Baseball as an Olympic demonstration sport was finally able to take its act to Asia at the1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, where baseball was already exceptionally popular. Following the1968 Summer Olympics, a selection of premier U.S. college players defeated the Cuba national team twice in Mexico City to win theInternational Amateur Baseball Tournament (though it was not officially a demonstration sport).
Juan Isa expanded FIBA's reach to include Europe, invitingthe Netherlands andItaly to the Amateur World Series for the first time in1970.[2]
Isa's tenure as president was controversial. Some federations felt that power had been concentrated in the hands of the Latin American federations for too long, to the detriment of federations in Europe and North America. Tensions came to a head at the 1973 FIBA Congress, where the Congress suspended Nicaragua and awarded the1973 Amateur World Series to Cuba; Isa also refused to call for new elections.[2] As a result, Nicaraguan, Italian, and U.S. officials withdrew from FIBA, and instead formed formed theFederación Mundial de Béisbol Amateur (World Amateur Baseball Federation), also knowns asFEMBA.[2][3]
Other countries to join FEMBA included Argentina, Canada, Taiwan, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and South Africa.William "Dutch" Fehring was elected president, andCarlos García Solórzano vice president.[4] The Caribbean federations — Venezuela, Panama, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Cuba, and the Dutch Antilles — remained with FIBA.[5] TheBaseball Federation of Cuba characterized the division as driven byCold War political tensions.[3] However, this was denied by Roger Panaye, president of theEuropean Amateur Baseball Confederation (CEBA):
FIBA was never more than a Caribbean affair with Cuba as chief spokesman. When a couple of years ago, many federations joined FIBA in order to have baseball recognised as an Olympic sport, nothing was done to make FIBA a real World Federation. On the contrary, the Caribbean FIBA leaders kept to their policy of dominating the others and administration was almost non-existent.[6]
Under FEMBA, the firstIntercontinental Cup was organized in1973; another would follow in 1975. FEMBA also organized its own1973 Amateur World Series in Nicaragua, to compete with the one being held by FIBA in Cuba.
Fehring, with the backing of MLB CommissionerBowie Kuhn, pushedInternational Olympic Committee headLord Killanin to include baseball at the Olympics. However, Killanin told him it would not occur as long as baseball was represented by two different organizations.[2]
The FEMBA-FIBA split was resolved in 1976 thanks to the mediation ofMexican Olympic Committee presidentMario Vázquez Raña; FIBA was reorganized as AINBA (Spanish:Asociación Internacional de Béisbol Amateur), with Manuel González Guerra elected president and Carlos García Solórzano vice president.[2][7]
In 1978, the IOC awarded the hosting rights of the 1984 Summer Olympics to Los Angeles, andRobert Smith quickly went to work, in his capacity as a member of theUnited States Olympic Committee, to reestablish baseball as part of the Olympic Programme. Smith reached out to the then-Los Angeles Dodgers owner,Peter O'Malley, andUniversity of Southern California head baseball coach and subsequentCollege Baseball Hall of Fame inductee,Rod Dedeaux. The group organized an IBAF congress the following year in Los Angeles in order to establish an Olympic Baseball Committee. Through these efforts, baseball was again categorized as a demonstration sport and an eight-team tournament was organized atDodger Stadium, as part of the official Summer Olympic Programme. The present IBAF President, Riccardo Fraccari, was the head umpire of the championship game.
A third branch of the IBAF continental confederations formed in 1985. ThePan American Baseball Confederation (COPABE) was finally established after it was deemed necessary due to the strong expansion and increase of the national member federations stemming from the Olympic Baseball Committee campaign.
In 1986, a historic IOC vote put baseball onto the Olympic Programme as a medal sport for the1992 Summer Olympics inBarcelona, Spain. Baseball would travel toSeoul, Korea, for the1988 Summer Olympics. This was the final time the IBAF, in conjunction with the IOC, would organize baseball as a demonstration (not medal) sport at the Olympics.
In 1989, theBaseball Confederation of Oceania (BCO) was established as the 4th branch of the IBAF. TheAfrican Baseball and Softball Association (ABSA) was formed inLagos, Nigeria soon after, in June 1990.
Baseball was played up in a traditional amateur format up until the1996 Summer Olympics inAtlanta. In 1998, the IBAF, MLB and theMajor League Baseball Players Association reached an agreement to allow the participation of professional players in international competition. The United States used a minor league selection to beat Cuba in the gold medal game at the2000 Summer Olympics inSydney, Australia. Cuba regained the world title, defeating Australia for the gold medal at the2004 Summer Olympics inAthens, Greece.
On July 7, 2005, the IOC Session voted to remove baseball and softball from the2012 Summer Olympics program. Baseball made its last Olympic appearance and Korea took the gold medal at theBeijing2008 Summer Olympics.
The IBAF, under PresidentHarvey Schiller, attempted to reinstate baseball onto the Olympic Programme, but the IOC vote of August 2009 kept baseball off the 2016 program, as golf and rugby were selected.
In February 2011, Dr. Harvey Schiller was appointed as a member of the IOC's Women and Sport Commission.[8]
On April 1, 2011, the IBAF, under first-year PresidentRiccardo Fraccari, and theInternational Softball Federation announced that they were studying how to prepare a joint proposal in order to revive play of both sports at the2020 Summer Olympics.[9]As part of that proposal, in April 2013, the two organizations began the process of merging into a new combined federation that will govern both sports,[10] theWorld Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC).[11]
The merging was concluded in 2015, and WBSC managed to obtain the bid for 2020 Games on following months.
The International Baseball Federation organized the following world championship tournaments beforeWBSC merger:
The first-ever12U Baseball World Championship was played inTaipei from July 8 to 17, 2011.Taiwan won the first title.
In addition, the IBAF is the sanctioning body for theWorld Baseball Classic, which is hosted byMajor League Baseball and theMajor League Baseball Players Association and held every four years in the year after the Summer Olympics. The IBAF abandoned its former world championship, theBaseball World Cup, after the2011 edition in favor of an expanded World Baseball Classic. It was originally intended to be the sanctioning body for thePremier 12, a new men's international tournament – featuring the twelve best-ranked national teams – that began in 2015; that tournament instead has been sanctioned by the WBSC. This event is played in the year preceding the Summer Olympics.
The IBAF discontinued theIntercontinental Cup, which was an invitational event and last held in 2010.
The IBAF comprises five continental confederations that currently represent a total of 127 national member federations.
Leslie Mann: 1938
Jaime Mariné: 1939 to 1943
Jorge Reyes: 1944 to 1945
Pablo Morales: 1946 to 1947
Chale Pereira: 1948 to 1950Pablo Morales: 1951 to 1952
Carlos Manuel Zecca: 1953 to 1968
FIBA:Juan Isa: 1969 to 1975 (FIBA from 1973 to 1975)FEMBA:William Fehring: 1973 to 1974FEMBA:Carlos J. García: 1975Manuel González Guerra: 1976 to 1979Robert E. Smith: 1981 to 1993
Aldo Notari: 1993 to 2006 (*)
Tom Peng: 2006 to 2007Harvey Schiller: 2007 to 2009Riccardo Fraccari: 2009 to present(*) Aldo Notari died during the period as the president, thus the first vice president,Tom Peng of Taiwan, served as acting president from July 2006 to 2007.[12][13][14]
See also:Baseball awards of the International Baseball Fedederation (IBAF)
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