 "Intel Galileo Gen. 1" | |
| Developer | Intel Corporation |
|---|---|
| Type | Single-board computer |
| Release date | 17 October 2013[1][2] |
| Introductory price | US$70 |
| Discontinued | 19 June 2017 (2017-06-19)[3][4] |
| Operating system | Linux (Yocto Project based Linux) |
| CPU | Intel Quark X1000 400 MHz |
| Memory | 256 MB |
| Storage | Micro SD card slot (Micro SD or SDHC card) |
| Power | 15W |
| Website | www.intel.com |
 "Intel Galileo Gen. 2" | |
| Developer | Intel Corporation |
|---|---|
| Type | Single-board computer |
| Release date | 10 July 2014[5] |
| Discontinued | 16 June 2017[6] |
| Operating system | Linux |
| CPU | Intel Quark X1000 32-bit 400 MHz |
| Memory | 256 MB |
| Storage | Flash Memory 8M,EEPROM 8 kb,Micro SD card slot up to 32GB |
| Power | 15W |
| Website | www.intel.com |
Intel Galileo is the first in a line ofArduino-certified development boards based onIntel x86 architecture and is designed for the maker and education communities. Intel released two versions of Galileo, referred to as Gen 1 and Gen 2. These development boards are sometimes called "Breakout boards".
The board was discontinued on 19 June 2017.[3][4]
Intel Galileo combines Intel technology with support for Arduino ready-made hardware expansion cards (called "shields") and the Arduino software development environment and libraries.[7] The development board runs an open sourceLinux operating system with the Arduino software libraries, enabling re-use of existing software, called "sketches". The sketch runs every time the board is powered. Intel Galileo can be programmed throughOS X,MicrosoftWindows and Linux host operating software. The board is also designed to be hardware and software compatible with the Arduino shield ecosystem.
Intel Galileo features theIntel QuarkSoC X1000, the first product from theIntel Quark technology family of low-power, small-core products. Intel Quark represents Intel's attempt to compete within markets such as theInternet of Things andwearable computing. Designed in Ireland, the Quark SoC X1000 is a 32-bit, single core, single-thread, Pentium (P54C/i586) instruction set architecture (ISA)-compatible CPU, operating at speeds up to 400 MHz. The Quark is seen by some as Intel's answer toARM, the processor design featured in smartphones and other single-board computers.
At a clock speed of 400 MHz, together with 256 Mb ofDDR3RAM and 8 Mbflash memory, the Galileo is much more powerful than competing Arduino boards. The Mega 2560, for example, has a clock speed of 16 MHz, 8 Kb RAM and 256 Kb flash memory.[8] It would be more appropriate to compare the Galileo to anothersingle-board computer, such as theRaspberry Pi. The latest iteration, the Pi 3 Model B, replaced the Pi 2 Model B in February 2016.[9] It is more powerful than the older Galileo Gen 2, featuring a 1.2 GHz CPU and 1 GB RAM.[9] The Pi, however, does not have any flash memory.[10]
Both Galileo boards support the Arduino shield ecosystem. Unlike most Arduino boards, the Intel boards support both 3.3 V and 5 V shields.[11] The Intel development board comes with several computing industry standard I/O interfaces. The support forPCI Express means that Wifi, Bluetooth or GSM cards can be plugged in to the board. It also enables usage of solid state drives with the Galileo.[11]
The 10/100 Mbit Ethernet support enables the board to be connected to a LAN. It also enables accessing the Linux shell. The boards further support Micro SD, which means the available storage can be extended by up to 32 G. Other I/O interfaces includeACPI, USB 2.0 device and EHCI/OHCI USB host ports, high-speed UART,RS-232 serial port, programmable 8 MB NOR flash, and aJTAG port for easy debug.
Although the Galileo shipped with Linux, it was possible to have a custom version of Windows on both the Gen 1 and the Gen 2.[12] This support was, however, suspended by Microsoft on 30 November 2015. Microsoft cited hardware concerns,[13] with some specifically attributing it to the low clock speed of the Galileo.[14]
The Galileo supports the Arduino IDE running atop an unmodified Linux software stack, supported by a common open source tool chain. The board comes pre-loaded with an SPI image of Linux. Although this version (Yocto 1.4 Poky Linux) has very limited features (e.g. it does not include a Wi-Fi module), it does not require any storage devices to be added.[15] Intel also provides more functional versions of Linux for the boards. The "SD-Card" image can be downloaded and loaded onto the board via a Micro SD card. It includes, among a multitude of modules, a Wi-Fi module, support forOpenCV to enable computer vision,ALSA for sound processing andNode.js forJavaScript capabilities.[15] A more advanced IoTDevKit version is also available to enable complex IoT projects, adding for example support for OpenCV-Python.
The Raspberry Pi, as well as most boards from Arduino, does not have an onboardreal time clock. The Galileo boards have a real time clock, requiring only a 3 V coin cell battery.[11] The boards can therefore keep accurate time without being connected to either a power source or internet.[16]
The Galileo can be seen as trulyopen source, as both the schematics and the source code are freely available for download without a software license agreement. However, some argued that the hardware shouldn't be designated open source if theprocessor core isn't also made open-source.[10]
The Arduino ecosystem has three "levels":[citation needed]
The Galileo falls into the third category. Although it is the lowest level in the Arduino ecosystem, it still means that Galileo boards can be programmed using the official Arduino IDE, bought on the Arduino online shop and is compatible with Arduino peripherals such as shields.
Intel does not publish sales data on its products.
In an effort to boost the ecosystem of their Quark architecture, Intel gave away 50,000 Galileo Gen 1's when it was launched.[17] In 2014, Microsoft also handed out Galileo boards to people who signed up for its IoT program.[18]
On 30 November 2015, Microsoft suspended support for Galileo.[13][14] While it is unclear what effect this had on the sales numbers of the boards, it meant that developers creating projects for Microsoft's Windows 10 IoT Core had to move to either the Raspberry Pi 2 or 3 or the MinnowBoard MAX.[13]
On 16 June 2017 Intel announced that the 'End of Life' and last shipment date for the Galileo range is 16 December 2017.[3][4]
Intel Galileo Gen 2 Is similar to Gen 1 with the following changes:
| Feature | GEN 1 | GEN 2 |
|---|---|---|
| SoC | Intel Quark X1000 32-bit 400 MHz | Intel Quark X1000 32-bit 400 MHz |
| Power (Barrel) | 5 V | 7 V-15 V |
| Power (PoE) | No | Yes (Requires installation of Silvertel Ag9712-BR2/FL power module) |
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