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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Humalog, Liprolog, Admelog, others |
| Other names | URLi, LY900014, LY-275585, insulin lispro-aabc |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a697021 |
| License data | |
| Pregnancy category | |
| Routes of administration | Subcutaneous |
| ATC code | |
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| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Onset of action | 30 minutes |
| Duration of action | 5 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChemCID | |
| DrugBank |
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| ChemSpider |
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| UNII | |
| KEGG |
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| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C257H383N65O77S6 |
| Molar mass | 5807.63 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Insulin lispro, sold under the brand nameHumalog among others, is amodified type ofmedical insulin used to treattype 1 andtype 2 diabetes.[5] It is delivered subcutaneously either byinjection or from aninsulin pump.[5][6] Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours.[5] Often a longer-acting insulin likeinsulin NPH is also needed.[5]
Common side effects includelow blood sugar.[5] Other serious side effects may includelow blood potassium.[5] Use inpregnancy andbreastfeeding is generally safe.[7] It works the same ashuman insulin by increasing the amount ofglucose that tissues take in and decreasing the amount of glucose made by the liver.[5]
Insulin lispro was first approved for use in the United States in 1996.[5][8][9] It is a manufactured analogue of human insulin where twoamino acids have swapped positions.[10] In 2023, it was the 84th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.[11][12] It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13]
Insulin lispro is used to treat people withtype 1 diabetes ortype 2 diabetes.[5] People doing well on short-acting insulin should not routinely be changed to insulin lispro, but may benefit from some advantages like flexibility and responsiveness.[5]
Commonside effects includeskin irritation at the site ofinjection,hypoglycemia,hypokalemia, andlipodystrophy.[8] Other serious side effects includeanaphylaxis, andhypersensitivity reactions.[8]
Throughrecombinant DNA technology, the finallysine andproline residues on the C-terminal end of the B-chain are reversed. This modification does not alter receptor binding, but blocks the formation of insulindimers and hexamers. This allows larger amounts of active monomeric insulin to be immediately available forpostprandial injections.[14]
It is a manufactured form of human insulin where theamino acidslysine andproline have been switched at the end of the B chain of the insulin molecule.[10] This switch of amino acids mimicsInsulin-like growth factor 1 which also has lysine (K) and proline (P) in that order at positions 28 and 29.[15]
Insulin lispro (brand name Humalog) was granted marketing authorization in the European Union in April 1996,[3] and it was approved for use in the United States in June 1996.[9][16]
Insulin lispro (brand name Liprolog) was granted marketing authorization in the European Union in May 1997,[4] and again in August 2001.[17]
Combination drugs combining insulin lispro and other forms of insulin were approved for use in the United States in December 1999.[18][19][20]
Insulin lispro Sanofi was granted marketing authorization as a biosimilar in the European Union in July 2017.[21]
Insulin lispro injection (brand name Admelog) was approved for use in the United States in December 2017.[22][23][24]
In January 2020, theCommittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of theEuropean Medicines Agency recommended granting of a marketing authorization for insulin lispro acid (brand name Lyumjev) for the treatment ofdiabetes in adults.[25][26] Insulin lispro (Lyumjev) was approved for use in the European Union in March 2020, and in the United States in June 2020.[27]
In the United States, the price of for a vial of Humalog increased fromUS$35 in 2001 to $234 in 2015,[28] or $10.06 and $29.36 per 100 units.[29] In April 2019,Eli Lilly and Company announced they would produce a version selling for $137.35 per vial.[28] The chief executive said that this was a contribution "to fix the problem of high out-of-pocket costs for Americans living with chronic conditions", butPatients for Affordable Drugs Now said it was just a public relations move, as "other countries pay $20 for a vial of insulin."[28] In March 2023, Lilly announced a program capping their insulin prices at $35 per month.[30]
