The Resolution of the Central People's Government Committee on Adjusting the Central People's Government Institutions was adopted at the 17th meeting of the Central People 's Government Committee on August 7, 1952, and promulgated by the Central People's Government on August 10, 1952:[1]
The Central People's Government General Intelligence Bureau and the Central People's Government General Information Bureau were abolished;
The Ministry of Foreign Trade of the Central People's Government and the Ministry of Commerce of the Central People's Government were established, and the Ministry of Trade of the Central People's Government was abolished;
The First Ministry of Machine Building Industry of the Central People's Government, the Second Ministry of Machine Building Industry of the Central People's Government, the Ministry of Construction Engineering of the Central People's Government, the Ministry of Geology of the Central People's Government, and the Ministry of Food of the Central People's Government were established.
The Resolution of the Central People's Government Committee on the Establishment of Central People's Government Institutions was adopted at the 19th meeting of the Central People's Government Committee on November 15, 1952, and promulgated by the Central People's Government on November 16, 1952:
The State Planning Commission of the Central People's Government was established;
The Ministry of Higher Education of the Central People's Government was established;
The Central People's Government Committee for Eradicating Illiteracy was established;
The Central People's Government Sports Commission is established.
On May 12, 1956, the fortieth session of the Standing Committee of the1st National People's Congress discussed the proposal put forward by PremierZhou Enlai on adjusting the organizational structure of the State Council and passed the "Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Adjusting the Organizational Structure of the State Council."[2]
Decision to revoke:
Ministry of Heavy Industry
The Third Ministry of Machinery Industry
Ministry of Local Industry
Decision to establish:
State Economic Commission
State Technical Committee
Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
Ministry of Chemical Industry
Ministry of Building Materials Industry
Ministry of Electric Machinery Manufacturing Industry
Ministry of Food Industry
Ministry of Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture and Reclamation
Ministry of Forestry Industry
Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction
Ministry of Urban Services.
The State Council approved the abolition of the Urban Construction Bureau and the establishment of the Material Supply Bureau and the Expert Bureau as agencies directly under the State Council. The former Expert Bureau was renamed to the Foreign Experts Bureau.
On February 11, 1958, the fifth session of the1st National People's Congress adopted the "Decision of the Fifth Session of the First National People's Congress on Adjusting the Organizations and Institutions of the State Council" based on the "Proposal on Adjusting the Organizations and Institutions of the State Council" submitted by Premier Zhou Enlai on February 6, 1958.[3]
The State Construction Commission was abolished. The work under the State Construction Commission was transferred to the State Planning Commission, the State Economic Commission and the Ministry of Construction.
The Department of Commerce was renamed the First Department of Commerce. The Department of Urban Services was renamed the Second Department of Commerce .
The First Ministry of Machinery Industry, the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry and the Ministry of Electric Machinery Manufacturing Industry were merged into the First Ministry of Machinery Industry. The Third Ministry of Machinery Industry was renamed the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry.
The Ministry of Electric Power Industry and the Ministry of Water Resources were merged into the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.
The Ministry of Building Materials Industry, the Ministry of Construction Engineering and the Ministry of Urban Construction were merged into the Ministry of Construction Engineering.
The Ministry of Light Industry and the Ministry of Food Industry were merged into the Ministry of Light Industry.
The Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Forest Industries were merged into the Ministry of Forestry.
A Foreign Cultural Liaison Committee was established and the Foreign Cultural Liaison Bureau was abolished.
The Ministry of Higher Education and the Ministry of Education were merged into the Ministry of Education.
On June 9, 1964, the 119th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Second National People's Congress adopted the "Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Establishment of the Foreign Economic Liaison Committee":[4]
Foreign Economic Liaison Committee was established and the General Administration of Foreign Economic Liaison was abolished.
On March 4, 1979, the State Council approved the report of the State Construction Commission and decided to separate the Equipment Complete Set General Administration under the First Ministry of Machine Building and put the State Machinery Equipment Complete Set General Administration, a State Council-affiliated agency, under the State Construction Commission.
On October 9, 1979, the State Council approvedYu Qiuli's proposal to separate the General Administration of Instruments and Meters Industry under the First Ministry of Machine Building from the State Administration of Instruments and Meters Industry, and set up the State Instruments and Meters Industry General Administration, which would be managed by the First Ministry of Machine Building.
On May 4, 1982, the twenty second session of the Standing Committee of the5th National People's Congress passed a resolution to merge the First Ministry of Machine Building, the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery, the State Administration of Instrument Industry and the State Administration of Complete Machinery and Equipment into the Ministry of Machinery Industry.[5]
The first session of the7th National People's Congress reviewed the State Council's institutional reform plan and State CouncilorSong Ping's explanation of the plan, and decided to approve the State Council's institutional reform plan.[6]
The first session of the8th National People's Congress reviewed the State Council's institutional reform plan and the explanation of the plan byLuo Gan, the Secretary-General of the State Council, and decided to approve the State Council's institutional reform plan.[7]
On March 10, 1998, the first session of the9th National People's Congress listened to the explanation of the State Councilor and Secretary-General of the State Council Luo Gan on the State Council's institutional reform plan reviewed the State Council's institutional reform plan, and decided to approve it.[8]
15 ministries and commissions were abolished
Ministry of Electric Power Industry
Ministry of Coal Industry
Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
Ministry of Machinery Industry
Ministry of Electronics Industry
Ministry of Chemical Industry
Ministry of Domestic Trade
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
Ministry of Labor
Ministry of Radio, Film and Television
Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources
Ministry of Forestry
State Sports Commission
Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
On March 10, 2003, the third plenary meeting of thefirst session of the 10th National People's Congress adopted the "Decision of the Tenth National People's Congress on the Plan for the Reform of the State Council's Institutions" with an absolute majority . The plan specifically proposed the requirement of coordinating the three powers of "decision-making, execution and supervision".[9]
TheState Food and Drug Administration was established based on the State Drug Administration, and the State Administration of Work Safety was transferred from the State Economic and Trade Commission to the State Council.
On March 15, 2008, the fifth plenary meeting of thefirst session of the 11th National People's Congress adopted the "Decision of the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on the Plan for the Reform of the State Council's Institutions" with 2,744 votes in favor, 117 votes against and 99 abstentions, approving the "Plan for the Reform of the State Council's Institutions":[10][11][12][13]
TheMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security was established, replacing the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security. The National Civil Service Bureau was put under the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.
On March 15, 2013, the second plenary meeting of thefirst session of the 12th National People's Congress adopted by an absolute majority the "Decision of the First Session of the 12th National People's Congress on the Plan for the Reform of the State Council's Institutions and Functions". This reform reduced the number of ministerial-level institutions of the State Council by four, including two constituent departments, while the number of vice-ministerial-level institutions remained unchanged. After the reform, in addition to the General Office of the State Council, the State Council had 25 constituent departments:[14][15]
TheState Food and Drug Administration was established, replacing the State Food and Drug Administration and the separate Office of the State Council Food Safety Committee. TheGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine's responsibilities for food safety supervision and management in the production link, and theState Administration for Industry and Commerce's responsibilities for food safety supervision and management in the circulation link as well as the corresponding food safety supervision and management teams and inspection and testing institutions of the industrial and commercial administration and quality and technical supervision departments were transferred to the State Food and Drug Administration. The State Council Food Safety Committee was retained. The State Food and Drug Administration was also named the Office of the State Council Food Safety Committee.
TheState Oceanic Administration was reorganized. The State Oceanic Administration and its China Marine Surveillance, the Ministry of Public Security's Border and Coast Guard, the Ministry of Agriculture's China Fisheries Administration, and the General Administration of Customs' Maritime Anti-Smuggling Police will be integrated into a new State Oceanic Administration, which was managed by theMinistry of Land and Resources .
On March 17, 2018, thefirst session of the 13th National People's Congress adopted the "Decision of the First Session of the 13th National People's Congress on the Plan for the Reform of the State Council's Institutions" and approved the "Plan for the Reform of the State Council's Institutions".[16][17][18] According to this reform plan, the number of ministerial-level institutions of the State Council was reduced by 8, and the number of vice-ministerial-level institutions was reduced by 7. In addition to theGeneral Office of the State Council, the State Council now had 26 constituent departments.[19] These reforms were part of the deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions.
TheMinistry of Ecology and Environment was established, replacing the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission for addressing climate change and reducing emissions, the Ministry of Land and Resources for supervising and preventing groundwater pollution, the Ministry of Water Resources for compiling water function zoning, setting up sewage outlets and protecting river basin water environments, the Ministry of Agriculture for supervising and guiding agricultural non-point source pollution control, the State Oceanic Administration for protecting the marine environment, and the State Council's South-to-North Water Diversion Project Construction Committee Office for protecting the environment in theSouth–North Water Transfer Project areas were transferred to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. TheNational Nuclear Safety Administration became an external name.[20]
TheMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was established, replacing theMinistry of Agriculture. The relevant agricultural investment project management responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the Ministry of Water Resources and the fishing vessel inspection and supervision and management responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Transport were transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.[20]
TheNational Health Commission was established, replacing theNational Health and Family Planning Commission and the Office of the Leading Group for Deepening Reform of the Medical and Health System of the State Council. The responsibilities of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the Office of the Leading Group for Deepening Reform of the Medical and Health System of the State Council, the Office of the National Working Committee on Aging, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's role in fulfilling theWHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and the State Administration of Work Safety's occupational safety and health supervision and management were transferred to the National Health Commission. The China Association of Geriatrics was transferred from theMinistry of Civil Affairs to the NHC. The National Working Committee on Aging and theNational Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine were transferred to the NHC.[20]
TheMinistry of Emergency Management was established and theState Administration of Work Safety was abolished. The emergency management responsibilities of theGeneral Office of the State Council, the fire management responsibilities of theMinistry of Public Security, the disaster relief responsibilities of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the geological disaster prevention and control of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the flood and drought disaster prevention and control of the Ministry of Water Resources, the grassland fire prevention of the Ministry of Agriculture, the forest fire prevention-related responsibilities of the State Forestry Administration, the earthquake emergency rescue responsibilities of theChina Earthquake Administration, and the responsibilities of theState Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, the National Disaster Reduction Committee, the State Council Earthquake Relief Headquarters, and the National Forest Fire Prevention Headquarters were transferred to the Ministry of Emergency Management. TheChina Earthquake Administration and the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety was put under the Ministry.[20][21]
The State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee and its office, the State Council South-to-North Water Diversion Project Construction Committee and its office were merged into theMinistry of Water Resources.[20]
The duties of the National Development and Reform Commission's major project inspections, the Ministry of Finance's supervision and inspection of the implementation of the central budget and other fiscal revenue and expenditure, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council's economic responsibility audit of state-owned enterprise leaders and the supervisory board of key state-owned enterprises were transferred to theNational Audit Office. Supervisory boards of key state-owned enterprises were abolished.[20]
TheState Administration for Market Regulation was established and theState Administration for Industry and Commerce, theGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and theState Food and Drug Administration were abolished. The responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission regarding price supervision and inspection and anti-monopoly law enforcement, the Ministry of Commerce regarding anti-monopoly law enforcement for concentration of operators, and the Office of the State Council Anti-Monopoly Commission were transferred to the State Administration for Market Regulation. The State Drug Administration was replaced with the National Medical Products Administration, which was put under the State Administration for Market Regulation. The entry-exit inspection and quarantine management responsibilities and teams of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine were transferred to the General Administration of Customs. The State Council Food Safety Committee and the State Council Anti-Monopoly Committee were retained. TheNational Certification and Accreditation Administration and theStandardization Administration of China were merged to the State Administration for Market Regulation were retained by the Ministry as external names under the "one institution with two names".[20]
TheChina International Development Cooperation Agency was established. The Ministry of Commerce's foreign aid responsibilities and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' foreign aid coordination responsibilities were transferred to the agency.[20]
TheNational Healthcare Security Administration was established. The basic medical insurance and maternity insurance responsibilities of urban employees and urban residents of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the new rural cooperative medical responsibilities of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the drug and medical service price management responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the medical assistance responsibilities of the Ministry of Civil Affairs were transferred to the administration.[20]
TheNational Food and Strategic Reserves Administration was established and theState Grain Bureau was abolished. The responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission for organizing and implementing the collection, storage, rotation and management of national strategic materials, and managing national grain, cotton and sugar reserves, as well as the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Energy Administration and other departments' responsibilities for organizing and implementing the collection, storage, rotation and daily management of strategic and emergency reserve materials were transferred to the administration.[20]
TheNational Immigration Administration was established under theMinistry of Public Security. The entry and exit management and border inspection responsibilities of the Ministry of Public Security were transferred to the administration, which established and improved a visa management coordination mechanism.[20]
TheNational Forestry and Grassland Administration was established, replacing the State Forestry Administration. The grassland supervision and management responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the management responsibilities of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Oceanic Administration and other departments for nature reserves, scenic spots, natural heritage, geological parks, etc. were transferred to the administration.[20]
TheChina National Intellectual Property Administration was put under theState Administration for Market Regulation. The trademark management responsibilities of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the geographical indication management responsibilities of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine were transferred to the State Administration for Market Regulation.[20]
The national and local tax agencies at the provincial level and below were merged. After the merger, a dual leadership and management system was implemented with the State Administration of Taxation as the main body and the province-level people's governments.[20]
TheMinistry of Science and Technology was reorganized, and its responsibilities for organizing and formulating science and technology plans and policies to promote agricultural and rural development, and guiding rural scientific and technological progress were transferred to theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The Ministry of Science and Technology's responsibilities for organizing and formulating science and technology plans and policies to promote social development were assigned to theNational Development and Reform Commission, theMinistry of Ecology and Environment, theNational Health Commission and other departments. The Ministry of Science and Technology's responsibilities for organizing and formulating high-tech development and industrialization plans and policies, guiding the construction of science and technology parks such as national independent innovation demonstration zones and national high-tech industrial development zones, and guiding the development of science and technology services, technology markets, and science and technology intermediary organizations were transferred to theMinistry of Industry and Information Technology. The Ministry of Science and Technology's responsibilities for introducing foreign intelligence were transferred to theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security, and theMinistry of Human Resources and Social Security was given the name of theState Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. The China Rural Technology Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the China Biotechnology Development Center to the National Health Commission, and the China 21st Century Agenda Management Center and the High Technology Research and Development Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology to theNational Natural Science Foundation of China.[22][23]
Improve the management system of state-owned financial capital.[23]
Strengthen unified and standardized management of financial management department staff.[23]
TheNational Data Administration was established under theNational Development and Reform Commission. The responsibilities of theOffice of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission for researching and formulating plans for the construction of Digital China, coordinating the promotion of informatization of public services and social governance, coordinating the promotion of smart city construction, coordinating the development, utilization and sharing of important national information resources, and promoting the interconnection and interoperability of information resources across industries and departments was transferred to the National Data Bureau. The responsibilities of the National Development and Reform Commission for coordinating the promotion of digital economic development, organizing and implementing the national big data strategy, promoting the construction of basic systems for data elements, and promoting the layout and construction of digital infrastructure was transferred to the National Data Bureau.[23]
The staffing of the central state organs were streamlined. The staffing of each department of the central state organs were uniformly reduced by 5%. The recovered staff were mainly used to strengthen key areas and important tasks.[23]
