State of Indore Indūra rājya (Marathi) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1732–1948 | |||||||||
  Top: Flag (1732–1818) Bottom: Flag (1818–1950)  Coat of arms | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Status | State Within theMaratha Empire (1731–1818) Protectorate of theEast India Company (1818–1857) Princely State of theBritish Raj (1857–1947) State of theDominion of India (1947–1948) | ||||||||
| Capital | Indore | ||||||||
| Maharaja | |||||||||
• 1732–1766(first) | Malhar Rao Holkar | ||||||||
• 1926–1948(last) | Yashwant Rao Holkar II | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 29 July 1732 | ||||||||
• Accession to Dominion of India | 1 January 1948 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1931 | 25,646 km2 (9,902 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1931 | 1,325,089 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | India ∟Madhya Pradesh | ||||||||
Indore State was a kingdom within theMaratha Empire ruled by theMarathaHolkar dynasty.[1] After 1857,Indore became a 19-gun saluteprincely state within theCentral India Agency of theIndian Empire under British protection.
Indore State was located in the present-day Indian state ofMadhya Pradesh, with its capital at the city ofIndore. The state had an area of 24,605 km2 and a population of 1,325,089 in 1931. Other important towns besides Indore wereRampura,Khargone,Maheshwar,Mehidpur,Barwaha, andBhanpura; there were a total of 3,368 villages.[2]
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_Holkar_(KCSI)_(KIH).jpg)
By 1720, the headquarters of the localpargana was transferred fromKampel to Indore due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, theNizam accepted the rights of the Maratha PeshwaBaji Rao I to collectchauth (taxes) from the area. In 1733, thePeshwa assumed full control of Malwa and appointed his commanderMalhar Rao Holkar as thesubahdar of the province.[citation needed]
On 29 July 1732, Bajirao Peshwa-I granted Holkar State by granting 28 and a half parganas to Malhar Rao Holkar, the founding ruler of the Holkar dynasty. His daughter-in-lawAhilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital toMaheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre.[citation needed]
After the defeat of the Holkar rulers in theThird Anglo-Maratha War, an agreement was signed on 6 January 1818 with theBritish and the Indore State became aBritish protectorate. The Holkar dynasty was able to continue to rule Indore as aprincely state mainly owing to the efforts ofDewan Tatya Jog.
The capital was moved fromMaheshwar to Indore on 3 November 1818 and theIndore Residency, a politicalresidency with a British resident, was established in the city. Later, Indore would be established as the headquarters of the BritishCentral India Agency. In 1906, electrical infrastructure was installed in the city while a fire brigade was established in 1909. By 1918, the first master plan of the city was drawn by architect and town plannerPatrick Geddes.
During the period ofMaharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86), efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. During the reigns ofMaharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar,Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III, andMaharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar, business flourished thanks to the railways that had been introduced in the state in 1875.
In 1926, Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar XIII abdicated after being implicated in a murder case involving a court dancer who had tried to escape from his harem.[3][4]
After theindependence of India in 1947, Indore State, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, acceded to India.Yashwant Rao Holkar II, the last ruler of the state, signed theinstrument of accession to theIndian Union on 1 January 1950. The territories of the state became part of the new Indian state ofMadhya Bharat.
The kings of Indore held the title of 'Maharaja' Holkar. The rulers of the state were entitled to a 19gun salute by the British authorities.[5]The Holkar StateDarbar (Court) was composed of manyJagirdars,Sardars, Istamuradars,Mankaris andZamindars.[6][7]
| Name | Birth | Death | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malhar Rao Holkar I | 1694 | 1766 | 1731 – 20 May 1766 |
| Male Rao Holkar II | 1745 | 1767 | 20 May 1766 – 5 April 1767 |
| Ahilya Bai Holkar (III)(f), regent and then ruling queen | 1725 | 1795 | April 1767 – 13 August 1795 |
| Tukoji Rao I Holkar IV | 1723 | 1797 | 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797 (also listed as co-ruler from April 1767) |
| Kashi Rao Holkar V | ? | 1808 | 29 January 1797 – January 1799 |
| Khande Rao I Holkar VI | 1798 | 1806 | January 1799 – 1806 |
| Yashwant Rao I Holkar | 1776 | 1811 | 1806 – 27 October 1811 (regent from January 1799) |
| Malhar Rao III Holkar VII | 1801 | 1833 | November 1811 – 27 October 1833 |
| Maharani Tulsi Bai (f), regent | ? | 1817 | November 1811 – 20 December 1817 |
| Martand Rao Holkar VIII | 1830 | 1849 | 27 October 1833 – 2 February 1834 |
| Hari Rao Holkar IX | 1795 | 1843 | 2 February 1834 – 24 October 1843 |
| Khande Rao II Holkar X | 1828 | 1844 | 24 October 1843 – 17 February 1844 |
| Maharani Maji (f), first regency | ? | 1849 | 24 October 1843 – 17 February 1844 |
| Tukoji Rao II Holkar XI (knighted 25 June 1861) | 1835 | 1886 | 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886 |
| Maharani Maji (f), second regency (s.a.) | ? | 1849 | 27 June 1844 – September 1849 |
| Shivaji Rao Holkar XII (knighted 30 June 1887) | 1859 | 1908 | 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903 |
| Tukoji Rao III Holkar XIII (knighted 1 January 1918) | 1890 | 1978 | 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926 |
| Yashwant Rao II Holkar XIV (knighted1 January 1935) | 1908 | 1961 | 26 February 1926 – 15 August 1947 |
| Usha Devi Holkar | 1961 | present |
• 1879 -1884: Bakshi Khuman Singh (C.S.I.)
British Residents of theIndore Residency.[10]
%2c_with_British_officers_and_Maratha_nobility_in_Indore%2c_Holkar_State%2c_Central_India._Circa_1879..jpg)
Agents to the Governor-General for theCentral India Agency. The headquarters of the agent were at Indore.
The Royal House of Indore awards the Order of Ahilya Holkar Sultanat, which is awarded in three classes. It was founded on November 22, 1900 byMaharaja Sir Tukojirao III Holkar XIII.[11]
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