One rupee coin

India
Value	₹1
Mass	3.09 g
Diameter	20 mm (0.79 in)
Composition	Stainless steel
Years of minting	1950 (1950)–present
Mint marks	⧫ =Mumbai B = Mumbai Proof issue * =Hyderabad ° =Noida No mint-mark =Kolkata
Obverse
Designer	RBI
Design date	2011
Reverse
Designer	RBI
Design date	2011

TheIndian 1-rupee coin (₹1) is an Indian coin worth oneIndian rupee and is made up of a hundredpaisas. Currently, one rupee coin is the smallest Indian coin in circulation. Since 1992, one Indian rupee coins are minted fromstainless steel. Round in shape, the one rupee coins weighs 3.76 grams (58.0 grains), has a diameter of 21.93-millimetre (0.863 in) and thickness of 1.45-millimetre (0.057 in). Inindependent India, one rupee coins were first minted in 1950 and are currently in circulation.

Sher Shah Suri, the founder of theSur Empire ruledNorth India from 1540 to 1545AD.^[1] During his reign, Suri issued pure silver coins in 1542 and named itRupiya (from Sanskrit रौप्य, raupya, meaning silver). The denomination remained in usage through theMughal,Maratha,East India company andBritish rules.^[2][3] The rupiya was retained by the East India company till 1835 and formed the basis of the British Raj currency till 1947.^[4] Each rupiya coin weighed 178 grains (11.5 grams). Thesub-unit of rupyia were copper pieces and 40 copper pieces constituted as one rupiya. Sher Shah Suri named the copper pieces asPaisa.^[2][4][5]

1Rupiya coin (Sher Shah Suri)
Obverse: Trace ofKalima, name of fourKhalifas, Sher Shah Suri's name and pious wish "Khald Allah mulk".	Reverse: Name of mint (some coins bore word "Jahapanah" instead of mint name) and date.
Coins were minted in different mints like Ujjain, Agra, Punduah, Chunar, Satgaon etc.

Each minted their own coinage, withDanish India usingFano;^[6]French India:Roupie and fanon till 1954;Portuguese Indiarupia till 1958, ...

In 1717 AD, theEast India Company obtained permission from the Mughal emperorFarrukhsiyar to coin Mughal style currency, at their Bombay factory. In 1835 AD, theCoinage Act of 1835 for uniform coinage came into force.^[2][7] Composed of 91.7% silver, the new one rupee coins weighed 11.66 grams (179.9 grains) and had a diameter of 30.55 millimetres (1.203 in). The reverse of all one rupee coins minted after 1835 and before 1862 AD bore "East India Company" instead of the Mughal Empire.^[8] The one rupee coins had bust ofKing William IIII (IV minted as IIII) and were first minted in 1835 AD.^[9] Rupee coins issued after 1840 bore the busts ofQueen Victoria (1840 to 1901 AD).^[2][10][11]

TheEast India Company wanted to introduce thePound sterling in India, due to the popularity of the Rupiya, the Pound sterling could not be introduced in India.

TheMadras Presidency issued one rupee coins until 1815 AD. One rupee was equal to twelvefanams.^[5]

1Rupee coin (Madras Presidency)
Obverse:	Reverse:

TheBritish Raj started in India in 1858 AD and lasted until Indian independence in 1947.^[12] In 1862, new one rupee coins were issued, were known as theRegal issue, bore the bust of Queen Victoria on the obverse and "India" minted on the reverse side.^[8] From 1862 to 1939 AD, one rupee coins were minted from 91.7% silver, weighed 11.66 grams (179.9 grains), had a diameter of 30.78 millimetres (1.212 in) and thickness of 1.9 millimetres (0.075 in). The obverse side of the coins featured the busts ofQueen Victoria (1862 to 1901 AD),Edward VII (1903 to 1910 AD),George V (1911 to 1936 AD) andGeorge VI (1938 to 1947 AD).Edward VIII was never featured on any one rupee coin since his reign (Jan-Dec 1936 AD) was short.^[2][10]

Due toWorld War I andII, there was a shortage of silver. As a result of the shortage, 0.917 silver one rupee coins were replaced by Quaternary silver alloy (0.500) in 1940. In 1947, the silver one rupee coin was replaced by nickel coins.^[2]

SeveralPrincely States issued their own currency, on the demise of the Mughal empire, withHyderabad state issuing its ownHyderabadi rupee, between 1918 and 1959. As did: Alwar, Ambliara, Awadh, Bahawalpur, Bharatpur, Bikanir, Bund, Chuda, Dhar, Indergadh, Jaisalmer, Jaora, Junagadh, Kalat, Kutch, Mangrol, Mengani, Muli, Mysore, Nawanagar, Palitana, Rajkot, Ramgarh, Sailana, Sayala and several others.^[13][14][15]

One Rupee coins (1835 to 1947):East India Company and British Raj
Image		Technical parameters				Description			Year of minting		Known mintage	Comments
Obverse	Reverse	Weight	Diameter	Thickness	Metal	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First	Last
		11.66 g	30.5 mm	1.9 mm	Silver (0.917)	Reeded	Bust ofKing William IIII with his name.	Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath.	1835	1840	69,472,000 [16]
		11.66 g	30.78 mm	1.9 mm			Bust ofQueen Victoria surrounded by her name.	Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath.	1840	1901	2,454,825,107 [8]
		11.66 g	30.6 mm	1.9 mm			Bust ofEdward VII surrounded by his name.	Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath.	1903	1910	849,622,000 [17]
		11.66 g	30.5 mm	1.9 mm			Bust ofGeorge V surrounded by his name.	Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath.	1911	1936	1,807,479,000 [18]	Coins minted in 1911 had nick name "pig rupee".[2]
		11.66 g	30.5 mm	1.9 mm			Bust ofGeorge VI surrounded by his name.	Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath.	1938	1939	772,980,000 [19]
		11.66 g	30.5 mm	1.9 mm	Silver (0.500)	Security			1939	1945
		11.8 g	28 mm	2.48 mm	Nickel				1947	1947	160,039,000 [20]	Only minted in 1947.

On 15 August 1947, India obtainedindependence and themonetary system andcoinage of theBritish Raj were retained. It was not until 15 August 1950 that India introduced new coins. Introduction of new coins (including one rupee coin) was done in following chronology and reasons;^[12][21]

• Motifs and symbol ofsovereignty were adapted to represent Indian independence.
• Introduction ofmetric system and related impact on Indian coinage.
• Changes due to metallic value of coins.
• "Coinisation" of currency notes for cost-benefit.

From 1947 to 1957, theIndian rupee was notdecimalised and was divided into 16annas. Each anna was further divided to fourIndian pices (from 1835 to 1947, each pice was divided into threeIndian pies; till the pie was demonetized in 1947). Table below shows sub-units of one rupee (1835–present).^[3]

As of 2020, one rupee coins are minted by theIndia Government Mints inMumbai,Kolkata,Hyderabad and inNoida. All coins are circulated only through theReserve Bank of India.^[22]

The following mint marks have been used on one rupee coins since 1947.^[23][24][25]

• Indian 2-rupee note
• Indian 1-rupee note

• One-base-unit coins
• Coins of India
• Rupee

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