| In the Heat of the Night | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Norman Jewison |
| Screenplay by | Stirling Silliphant |
| Based on | In the Heat of the Night byJohn Ball |
| Produced by | Walter Mirisch |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Haskell Wexler,A.S.C. |
| Edited by | Hal Ashby |
| Music by | Quincy Jones |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
Release date |
|
Running time | 110 minutes[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $2 million[2] |
| Box office | $24.4 million[3] |
In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 Americanmysterydrama film directed byNorman Jewison, produced byWalter Mirisch, and starringSidney Poitier andRod Steiger. It tells the story of Virgil Tibbs (Poitier), a black policedetective fromPhiladelphia, who becomes embroiled in a murder investigation in a small town inMississippi. The film was adapted byStirling Silliphant fromJohn Ball's1965 novel of the same name.
Released byUnited Artists in August 1967, the film was a widespread critical and commercial success. At the40th Academy Awards the film was nominated for seven Oscars, winning five, includingBest Picture,Best Adapted Screenplay, andBest Actor for Rod Steiger.Quincy Jones' score, featuringa title song performed byRay Charles, was nominated for aGrammy Award. The success of the film spawned two film sequels featuring Poitier, and atelevision series of the same name, which aired from 1988 to 1995.
In the Heat of the Night is widely considered one of the most important American films of the 1960s. The quote "They call meMister Tibbs!" was listed as number 16 on theAmerican Film Institute's100 Years...100 Movie Quotes, a list of top film quotes. The film also appears on AFI's100 Years...100 Movies, a list of the100 greatest movies inAmerican cinema.[4] In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registry by theLibrary of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[5]
Wealthy industrialist Phillip Colbert and his wife are inSparta, Mississippi, to oversee the building of a factory. Late one night, police officer Sam Wood discovers Colbert's murdered body in the street. Wood findsVirgil Tibbs, a black man with a fat wallet, at the train station and arrests him. Police chief Bill Gillespie accuses him of murder and robbery but learns Tibbs is a homicide detective fromPhiladelphia, who was passing through town after visiting his mother. Tibbs wants to leave town on the next train, but his Chief in Philadelphia suggests he stay in Sparta to help Gillespie with the murder investigation. Though Gillespie, like many of Sparta's white residents, is racist, he and Tibbs reluctantly agree to work together.
A doctor estimates that Colbert had been dead for less than an hour when his body was found. Tibbs examines the body and concludes that the murder happened much earlier, the killer was right-handed, and the victim had been killed elsewhere and moved to where Wood found his body.
Gillespie arrests another suspect, Harvey Oberst, who protests his innocence. Tibbs, after being jailed for withholding his findings subsequent to examining the body, reveals that Oberst is left-handed and has witnesses to confirm hisalibi. Frustrated by the ineptitude of the police but impressed by Tibbs, Colbert's widow threatens to halt construction of the factory unless Tibbs leads the investigation.
Tibbs initially suspects the murderer is wealthy plantation owner Eric Endicott, a genteel racist and Sparta's most powerful citizen, who opposed Colbert's new factory. When Tibbs begins interrogating him, Endicott slaps him, and Tibbs slaps him back. Afterwards, Endicott sends a gang of thugs after him. Gillespie rescues Tibbs and tells him to leave town to save himself, but Tibbs is determined to stay and solve the case.
Tibbs asks Officer Wood to re-trace his patrol car route during the night of the murder; Gillespie joins them. After questioning why Wood detours from his patrol route, Tibbs discovers that Wood enjoys passing the house of 16-year-old Delores Purdy, who walks around nude with the lights on in an attempt to entice men, and that Wood changed his route to prevent Tibbs from seeing her. Gillespie learns that Wood made a $632 deposit to his bank account the day after the murder. He arrests Wood, despite Tibbs's protests that he is not the murderer. Tibbs tells Gillespie that the murder was committed at the site of the planned factory, which clears Wood because he could not have driven both his and Colbert's cars back into town.
Delores' older brother Lloyd, a hostile racist, brings her to the police station to filestatutory rape charges against Wood for getting her pregnant. When Tibbs insists on being present during Delores' questioning, Lloyd is offended and gathers alynch mob to attack Tibbs.
Tibbs pressures illegal abortionist Mama Caleba to reveal that she is about to provide an abortion for Delores. When Delores arrives and sees Tibbs, she runs away. Tibbs follows Delores and confronts her armed boyfriend, Ralph Henshaw, a cook at a roadside diner. Lloyd's mob arrives and holds Tibbs at gunpoint.
Tibbs tells Lloyd to check Delores' purse for the $100 Ralph gave her for anabortion, which he got from killing and robbing Colbert. Lloyd realizes that Tibbs is right when he opens the purse and finds the money. After Lloyd confronts Ralph for getting his sister pregnant, Ralph shoots Lloyd dead. Tibbs grabs Ralph's gun. Ralph is arrested and confesses to killing Colbert. He explains that afterhitchhiking a ride with Colbert and asking him for a job, Ralph attacked him at the construction site of the new factory, intending only to knock him unconscious and rob him but accidentally killing him instead.
Tibbs arrives at the station to meet his train to return to Philadelphia, as Gillespie, having carried his suitcase, shakes Tibbs' hand and bids him farewell. In their final interaction, as Tibbs ascends the stairs onto the train, Gillespie sincerely tells him: "You take care, you hear?" After a hesitation, Tibbs gives a warm smile and says, "Yeah.” Gillespie smiles back at Tibbs as he boards the train.
BothSidney Poitier andRod Steiger were the first choices to play their roles. According to theAFI Catalog of Feature Films, the two were "old friends who had long sought an opportunity to work together."[4]
In the Heat of the Night was the film debut for several of its actors -Scott Wilson,[6]Anthony James,Quentin Dean, andEldon Quick.Clegg Hoyt's unbilled appearance in this film was his final acting role. He died two months after the film's release.
Although the film was set in Sparta, Mississippi, most of the movie was filmed inSparta, Illinois, where many of the town's landmarks can still be seen. The original novel was set in the (fictional) town of "Wells, South Carolina", but the name of the town was changed to Sparta so that the filmmakers could use the existing signage and storefronts.[4] The producers were unaware that "Sparta, Mississippi" was a real town, and the film's depiction bears little resemblance to the real community. For example, the film's Sparta is situated alongInterstate 20, while the real town is nowhere near anyinterstate.
Jewison, Poitier, and Steiger worked together and got along well during the filming, but Jewison had problems with the Southern authorities, and Poitier had reservations about coming south of theMason–Dixon line for filming. However, despite their reservations, Jewison decided to shoot part of the film inDyersburg andUnion City, Tennessee anyway, while the rest was filmed in Sparta,Chester (Harvey Oberst chase scene), andFreeburg (Compton's diner), Illinois.
The film is important for being the first major Hollywood film in color that was lit with proper consideration for a Black person.Haskell Wexler recognized that standard strong lighting used in filming tended to produce too much glare on dark complexions and rendered the features indistinct. Accordingly, Wexler adjusted the lighting to feature Poitier with better photographic results.[7]
The scene of Tibbs slapping Endicott is not present in the novel. According to Poitier, the scene was almost not in the movie, and it was he who had proposed the idea of Tibbs slapping Endicott back.[8] In an interview, Poitier stated: "I said, 'I'll tell you what, I'll make this movie for you if you give me your absolute guarantee when he slaps me I slap him right back and you guarantee that it will play in every version of this movie.' I try not to do things that are against nature."[9]Mark Harris, in his book,Pictures at a Revolution, states that copies of the original draft of the screenplay clearly depict the scene as filmed, which has been confirmed by both Jewison and Silliphant. Nevertheless, Poitier is correct that Tibbs' slapping of Endicott was not originally envisioned. After Endicott's slap, Silliphant's initialstep-outline reads: "Tibbs has all he can do to restrain himself. The butler drops his head, starts to pray. 'For him, Uncle Tom', Tibbs says furiously, 'not for me!'" Tibbs' counter slap first appears in Silliphant's revised step-outline.[10]
Tibbs urging the butler to pray for Endicott was part of Silliphant's adaptation ofIn the Heat of the Night as a subversive Christian allegory, featuring Tibbs as the messianic outsider who confronts the racist establishment of Sparta.[10]
| In the Heat of the Night | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soundtrack album by | ||||
| Released | 1967 | |||
| Recorded | 1967 | |||
| Genre | Film score | |||
| Length | 33:34 | |||
| Label | United Artists UAL 4160/UAS 5160 | |||
| Quincy Jones chronology | ||||
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Thefilm score was composed, arranged and conducted byQuincy Jones, and thesoundtrack album was released on theUnited Artists label in 1967.[11][12] Thetitle song performed byRay Charles, composed by Quincy Jones, with lyrics byAlan and Marilyn Bergman was released as a single byABC Records and reached #33 on theBillboard Hot 100 chart and #21 on theHot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart.
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |   [13] |
AllMusic's Steven McDonald said the soundtrack had "a tone of righteous fury woven throughout" and that "the intent behindIn the Heat of the Night was to get a Southern, blues-inflected atmosphere to support the angry, anti-racist approach of the picture ... although the cues fromIn the Heat of the Night show their age".[13]The Vinyl Factory said "this soundtrack to a film about racism in the South has a cool, decidedly Southern-fried sound with funk-bottomed bluesy touches, like on the strutting 'Cotton Curtain', the down 'n' dirty 'Whipping Boy' or the fat 'n' sassy 'Chief's Drive to Mayor'".[14]
All compositions by Quincy Jones
In contrast to films likeThe Chase andHurry Sundown, which offered confused visions of the South,In the Heat of the Night depicted a tough, edgy vision of a Southern town that seemed to hate outsiders, a theme reflecting the uncertain mood of the time, just as thecivil rights movement attempted to take hold. Canadian director Jewison wanted to tell a story of a White man and a Black man working together in spite of difficulties. Jewison said that this film proved a conviction he had held for a long time: "It's you against the world. It's like going to war. Everybody is trying to tell you something different and they are always putting obstacles in your way."
A particularly famous line in the film comes immediately after Gillespie mocks the name "Virgil":
Gillespie: "That's a funny name for a nigger boy that comes from Philadelphia! What do they call you up there?"
Tibbs (annoyed): "They call meMister Tibbs!"
This reply was later listed as number 16 on theAmerican Film Institute's100 Years...100 Movie Quotes, a list of top film quotes, and was also the title ofthe movie's sequel. Among other places, it was referenced byPumbaa inThe Lion King.
Another important scene that surprised audiences at the time occurs when Tibbs is slapped by Endicott. Tibbs responds by immediately slapping him back. In aSan Francisco pre-screening, Jewison was concerned when the young audience was laughing at the film as if it were a comedy. The audience's stunned reaction to the slapping scene convinced Jewison that the film was effective as drama.[15] That scene helped make the film so popular for audiences, finally seeing the top black film actor physically strike back against bigotry, that the film earned the nickname,Superspade Versus the Rednecks.[16] During the film's initial run, Steiger and Poitier occasionally went to theCapitol Theatre inNew York to amuse themselves seeing how many black and white audience members there were, which could be immediately ascertained by listening to the former cheering Tibbs's retaliatory slap and the latter whispering "Oh!" in astonishment.[17]
Bosley Crowther ofThe New York Times praised Jewison for crafting "a film that has the look and sound of actuality and the pounding pulse of truth." He further praised Steiger and Poitier for "each giving physical authority and personal depth" to their performances.[18]Richard Schickel ofLife magazine wrote that "almost everything in this movie is good—the sharply drawn minor characters, the careful plotting, the wonderful rightness of each scene's setting, mood and dialogue. Most admirable of all is the way everyone avoids oversimplifications."[19] John Mahoney ofThe Hollywood Reporter deemed the film to be "a gripping and suspenseful murder mystery that effects a feeling of greater importance by its veneer of social significance and the illusion of depth in its use of racial color."[20]
Time magazine applauded the film's theme of racial unity that was "immeasurably helped by performances from Steiger and Poitier that break brilliantly with black-white stereotype."[21]Roger Ebert gaveIn the Heat of the Night a positive review, praising Steiger's performance although he noted "the story itself was slightly too pat". He would later place it at number ten on his top ten list of 1967 films.[22] Arthur D. Murphy ofVariety felt that the excellent Poitier and outstanding Steiger performances overcame noteworthy flaws, including an uneven script.[23]Penelope Gilliatt ofThe New Yorker thought it had "a spurious air of concern about the afflictions of the real America at the moment" and that it is "essentially a primitive rah-rah story about an underdog's triumph over a bully".[24]
Akira Kurosawa citedIn the Heat of the Night as one of his favorite films.[25][26]
On the review aggregator websiteRotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 96% based on 89 reviews, with an average rating of 8.40/10. Its consensus states, "Tense, funny, and thought-provoking all at once, and lifted by strong performances from Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, director Norman Jewison's look at murder and racism in small-town America continues to resonate today."[27]Metacritic assigned a score of 75 based on 14 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[28]
The film opened at theCapitol Theatre and at the 86th Street East theatre inNew York City on Wednesday, August 2, 1967, grossing $108,107 in its first five days.[29] It opened inMiami Beach, Florida and inToronto on Friday, August 4 and grossed $20,974 for the weekend which, together with the New York grosses, combined to give a weekend gross of $95,806.[30] It was released soon afterrace riots inNewark,Milwaukee, andDetroit.[29] By January 1971, the film had earned $11 million in box office rentals from the United States and Canada.[31]
In 2003,In the Heat of the Night was selected byThe New York Times as one of the1000 Best Movies Ever Made.[34]
The film appears on several100 Years lists by theAmerican Film Institute.
TheAcademy Film Archive preservedIn the Heat of the Night in 1997.[35] In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registry by theLibrary of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[5]
In the Heat of the Night was first released onDVD in 2001. The only extras in that release were the theatrical trailer, and audio commentary with Norman Jewison, Haskell Wexler, Rod Steiger and Lee Grant.
Another DVD was released in 2008 to coincide the film's 40th Anniversary.
In 2010, the film was digitized in High Definition (1080i) and broadcast onMGM HD.
MGM released the film onBlu-ray on January 14, 2014, through20th Century Fox. The release ports over all the extras from the 2001 and 40th Anniversary DVDs.
Another DVD and Blu-ray were released byThe Criterion Collection on January 29, 2019. The release contained new and previously released extras.
Kino Lorber releasedIn the Heat of the Night as a two-disc 4KUltra HD/Blu-ray set on April 19, 2022. The main disc includes the UHD SDR version of the film plus two audio commentaries including the 2001 commentary and a brand new commentary featuring historians Steve Mitchell and Nathaniel Thompson, and Robert Mirisch. The special features Blu-ray contained the sequelsThey Call Me Mister Tibbs! andThe Organization in addition to the 40th Anniversary extras, and theatrical trailers for all three films.
The film was followed by twosequels with Poitier,They Call Me Mister Tibbs! (1970) andThe Organization (1971). Neither of the films were based on Ball's sequel novels. Both films still did fairly well at the box office though to less critical acclaim.
The film and the novel were the basis of atelevision series of the same name, which aired from 1988 until 1995. The series serves as a sequel to the film's events, with Virgil Tibbs returning to Sparta and joining the local police force full time as its new Chief of Detectives. The series starredHoward Rollins as Tibbs andCarroll O'Connor as Gillespie. It received a generally positive critical response, with Rollins winning anNAACP Image Award and O'Connor winning aPrimetime Emmy Award.
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