| Prince Imseong | |
| Hangul | 임성태자 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 琳聖太子 |
| Revised Romanization | Imseong-taeja |
| McCune–Reischauer | Imsŏng t'aeja |
Prince Imseong (琳聖太子,Rinshō Taishi, 577 – November, 657), was the third son of KingSeong of Baekje who died in battle withSilla forces in 554. Because of the discrepancies in dates it is thought he was actually third son ofWideok of Baekje.[1] Another way to read or write his name isRimseong.
In Japan, the legend of Prince Imseong is closely associated with theŌuchi clan and the introduction of advanced iron-making technology andMyōken faith from Korea.[2]
Japanese legend has it that after a divine revelation from the deity HokushinMyōken, Prince Imseong arrived on the shores ofSuō Province near present-dayYamaguchi (city) in 597 and was received byPrince Shōtoku.[3] Recognizing the significance of the divine revelation and Prince Imseong's arrival, Prince Shotoku appointed him as the ruler of Suo Province.[3]
The Japanese called himRinshō Taishi because of the Japanese reading of the characters in his name.[4] The Prince's descendants took on the surnameTatara (多々良), which means "cupola furnace" or "foot-operated bellows" in Japanese and later referred to iron-making and forging specialists.[2] The term was related to an ancient Korean port controlled by theGaya Confederacy (which was also famed for its abundant iron mines and their plate armor) in what is now calledDobijin (蹈鞴津), which means "Port of Bellows" and was written asDadara (多多羅) for its pronunciation.[5] This place was the major route for exporting iron to Japan. The Tatara clan later changed its name toŌuchi (大内), the traditional base of the clan before Ouchi Hiroyo (1325-1380) founded and relocated the clan's base to Yamaguchi.[6]
Historically theŌuchi clan emphasized their Korean heritage along with their Japanese identity to establish economic power based on international trade and wield political power.[7] The Ouchi clan established their base aroundYamaguchi (city)[6] and later emerged as one of the most powerful clans in Japanese history, particularly during theMuromachi period during which the clan had on a monopoly on trade with Korea (Joseon), with China under the Ming dynasty and with Ryukyu kingdoms, holding so much power that they served as administrators for the shogunate for a time.[3]
According to theVeritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty,[8] in the first year of King Jeongjong's reign (1399),Ōuchi Yoshihiro sent an envoy with a request to confirm his genealogical connection toBaekje royalty, as well as a provocative request for grants of ancestral lands inChungcheong Province. In response, King Jeongjong provisionally acknowledgedŌuchi Yoshihiro as a descendant of KingOnjo of Baekje, even though historical records were insufficient to substantiate the connection. During the reign of KingDanjong of Joseon, Ōuchi Norihiro[9] once again requested evidence to verify his lineage. Throughout the years into the next century, theŌuchis became the most welcomed among the various tributary daimyos from Muromachi Japan, and eventually asked for the cherishedTripitaka Koreana, under the assumption that the now pro-Confucian and anti-Buddhist Joseon dynasty might be willing to part with it. However, the request was declined.[10]
TheŌuchis have been claiming their ancestor had come from Baekje even among the Japanese, when it was more popular to claim connections toFujiwaras,Heikes, andGenjis, lending credence to their claims. And theirTatara name, connected to theDadara in Korea, had appeared both in theShinsen Shōjiroku andMokkan wooden relics dating from the 9th century.
A famous legend intertwines the arrival of Prince Imseong,Empress Suiko,Prince Shōtoku, and the introduction ofMyōken faith to Japan:
This legend continues to be remembered and revered in Japanese folklore, historical narratives and Ouchi clan geneaology books. The fallen star legend about Prince Imseong is central to the history ofKudamatsu (下松) inYamaguchi Prefecture, a city named after the legendary pine tree where the star is said to have fallen. The legend is commemorated in the city's Star Tower (Hoshi no Tō) in Kudamatsu Park[12] and also features prominently in the city's tourism material.[13] The legend of Prince Imseong's arrival is retold during local festivals and events, reinforcing the city's heritage.
Myōkengu Juto-ji Temple (妙見宮鷲頭寺), located inKudamatsu, is said to have been established by Prince Imseong in the 7th century after his arrival and became the birthplace of the worship of the deityMyōken Daibosatsu (妙見大菩薩).[14] Under the patronage of theŌuchi clan, it flourished as the home of the clan's guardian deity.
Prince Imseong became the progenitor of the Ōuchi clan took its name from the place name where they held power. The family possess a document of their descent in the Ōuchi family tree (Ō uchi Tatarashi fuch ō, 大内多々良氏譜牒).[1]
On 17 April 2009, the 45th generation descendant, Ōuchi Kimio (大內公夫), visitedIksan, Korea to pay tribute to his Baekje ancestors[15] buried at Ssangneung (Twin Tombs), believed to be the burial site of KingMu of Baekje and his wife,Queen Seonhwa.[16]
In November, 657 there is a record stating that Imseong died when he was 81 years old.
琳聖太子 (Imseong Taeja; Japanese: Rinshō Taishi, founder of Ōuchi clan)[15][1] ┃琳龍太子 (Imryeong Taeja; Japanese: Rinryu Taishi)[1] ┃阿部太子 (Abe Taishi)[1] ┃世農太子 (Atoyo Taishi)[1] ┃世阿太子 (Azusa Taishi)[1] ┃阿津太子 (Atsu Taishi)[1] ┃大内正恒 (Ōuchi Masatsune)[1]