Theimperial system of units,imperial system orimperial units (also known asBritish Imperial[1] orExchequer Standards of 1826) is thesystem of units first defined in the BritishWeights and Measures Act 1824 and continued to be developed through a series of Weights and Measures Acts and amendments.
The imperial system developed from earlierEnglish units as did therelated but differing system ofcustomary units of the United States. The imperial units replaced theWinchester Standards, which were in effect from 1588 to 1825.[2] The system came into official use across theBritish Empire in 1826.
By the late 20th century, most nations of the former empire hadofficially adopted themetric system as their main system of measurement, but imperial units are still used alongside metric units in the United Kingdom and in some other parts of the former empire, notably Canada.
The modern UK legislation defining the imperial system of units is given in theWeights and Measures Act 1985 (as amended).[3]
TheWeights and Measures Act 1824 was initially scheduled to go into effect on 1 May 1825.[4] TheWeights and Measures Act 1825 pushed back the date to 1 January 1826.[5] The 1824 act allowed the continued use of pre-imperial units provided that they were customary, widely known, and clearly marked with imperial equivalents.[4]
Apothecaries' units are not mentioned in the acts of 1824 and 1825. At the time, apothecaries' weights and measures were regulated "in England, Wales, andBerwick-upon-Tweed" by theLondon College of Physicians, and in Ireland by theDublin College of Physicians. In Scotland, apothecaries' units were unofficially regulated by theEdinburgh College of Physicians. The three colleges published, at infrequent intervals,pharmacopoeias, the London and Dublin editions having the force of law.[6][7]
Imperial apothecaries' measures, based on the imperial pint of 20 fluid ounces, were introduced by the publication of theLondon Pharmacopoeia of 1836,[8][9] theEdinburgh Pharmacopoeia of 1839,[10] and theDublin Pharmacopoeia of 1850.[11] TheMedical Act 1858 transferred tothe Crown the right to publish the official pharmacopoeia and to regulate apothecaries' weights and measures.[12]
Metric equivalents in this article usually assume the latest official definition. Before this date, the most precise measurement of the imperial Standard Yard was0.914398415 metres.[13]
| Unit | Abbr. or symbols | Relative to previous | Feet | Metres | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| twip | 1⁄17280 | 0.000017638 | typographic measure | ||
| thou | th | 1.44 twip | 1⁄12000 | 0.0000254 | Abbreviation of "thousandth of an inch". Also known asmil.[14] |
| barleycorn | 333+1⁄3 th | 1⁄36 | 0.00846 | 1⁄3 in | |
| inch | in (″) | 3 Bc | 1⁄12 | 0.0254 | 1 metre ≡ 3947⁄127 inches |
| hand | hh | 4 in | 1⁄3 | 0.1016 | Used to measure the height of horses |
| foot | ft (′) | 3 h | 1 | 0.3048 | 12 in |
| yard | yd | 3 ft | 3 | 0.9144 | Defined as exactly0.9144 m by theinternational yard and pound agreement of 1959 |
| chain | ch | 22 yd | 66 | 20.1168 | 100 links,4 rods, or1⁄10 of a furlong. The distance between the twowickets on acricket pitch. |
| furlong | fur | 10 chains | 660 | 201.168 | 220 yd |
| mile | mi | 8 furlongs | 5280 | 1609.344 | 1760 yd or80 chains |
| league | lea | 3 miles | 15840 | 4828.032 | |
| Maritime units | |||||
| fathom | ftm | 2.02667 yd | 6.0761 | 1.852 | The British Admiralty in practice used a fathom of6 ft. This was despite its being1⁄1000 of a nautical mile (i.e.6.08 ft) until the adoption of the international nautical mile.[15] |
| cable | 100 fathoms | 607.61 | 185.2 | One tenth of a nautical mile. Equal to100 fathoms under the strict definition. | |
| nautical mile | nmi | 10 cables | 6076.1 | 1852 | Used for measuring distances at sea (and also in aviation) and approximately equal to onearc minute of agreat circle. Until the adoption of the international definition of1852 m in 1970, the British nautical (Admiralty) mile was defined as6080 ft.[16] |
| Gunter's survey units (17th century onwards) | |||||
| link | 7.92 in | 66⁄100 | 0.201168 | 1⁄100 of a chain and1⁄1000 of a furlong | |
| rod | 25 links | 66⁄4 | 5.0292 | The rod is also calledpole orperch and is equal to5+1⁄2 yards | |
| Unit | Abbr. or symbol | Relative to previous | Relation to units of length | Square feet | Square yards | Acres | Square metres | Hectares |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| perch* | 1 rd ×1 rd | 272+1⁄4 | 30+1⁄4 | 1⁄160 | 25.29285264 | 0.002529285264 | ||
| rood | 40 perches | 1 furlong ×1 rd[17] | 10890 | 1210 | 1⁄4 | 1011.7141056 | 0.10117141056 | |
| acre | 4 roods | 1 furlong ×1 chain | 43560 | 4840 | 1 | 4046.8564224 | 0.40468564224 | |
| square mile | sq mi | 640 acres | 1 mile ×1 mile | 27878400 | 3097600 | 640 | 2589988.110336 | 258.9988110336 |
| Note: *Thesquare rod has been called apole orperch or, more properly,square pole orsquare perch for centuries. | ||||||||
TheWeights and Measures Act 1824 invalidated the various different gallons in use in the British Empire, declaring them to be replaced by thestatute gallon (which became known as the imperial gallon), a unit close in volume to theale gallon. The 1824 act defined as the volume of a gallon to be that of 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of distilled water weighed in air with brass weights with the barometer standing at 30inches of mercury (102 kPa) at a temperature of 62 °F (17 °C).[18] The 1824 act went on to give this volume as 277.274 cubic inches (4.54371 litres).[18] TheWeights and Measures Act 1963 refined this definition to be the volume of 10 pounds of distilled water of density0.998859 g/mL weighed in air of density0.001217 g/mL against weights of density8.136 g/mL, which works out to4.546092 L.[nb 1] TheWeights and Measures Act 1985 defined a gallon to be exactly4.54609 L (approximately277.4194 cu in).[19]
| Unit | Imperial ounces | Imperial pints | Millilitres | Cubic inches | US ounces | US pints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fluid ounce (fl oz) | 1 | 1⁄20 | 28.4130625 | 1.7339 | 0.96076 | 0.060047 |
| gill (gi) | 5 | 1⁄4 | 142.0653125 | 8.6694 | 4.8038 | 0.30024 |
| pint (pt) | 20 | 1 | 568.26125 | 34.677 | 19.215 | 1.2009 |
| quart (qt) | 40 | 2 | 1136.5225 | 69.355 | 38.430 | 2.4019 |
| gallon (gal) | 160 | 8 | 4546.09 | 277.42 | 153.72 | 9.6076 |
| Note: The millilitre equivalences are exact, but cubic-inch and US measures are correct to 5 significant figures. | ||||||
| Unit | gallons | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| pint | 1⁄8 | 34.76 cu in (569.6 mL; 0.5696 L) |
| quart | 1⁄4 | 69.32 cu in (1.1360 L) |
| gallon | 1 | 277.274 cu in (4.54371 L) |
| peck | 2 | 554.548 cu in (9.08741 L) |
| bushel | 8 | 2,218.192 cu in (36.34965 L) |
| quarter | 64 | 17,745.536 cu in (290.79723 L) |
| Note: The 1824 Act removed the distinction between liquid and dry measure, specifying instead that the dry quantities shall be unheaped. The metric equivalences shown are approximate. | ||
These measurements were in use from 1826, when the new imperial gallon was defined. For pharmaceutical purposes, they were replaced by the metric system in the United Kingdom on 1 January 1971.[20][21] In the US, though no longer recommended, theapothecaries' system is still used occasionally in medicine, especially inprescriptions for older medications.[22][23]
| Unit | Symbols and abbreviations | Relative to previous | Exact metric value[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|
| minim | ♏︎, , m, m., min | (1⁄9600 pint) | 59.1938802083 μL |
| fluid scruple | fl ℈, fl s | 20 minims (1⁄480 pint) | 1.18387760416 mL |
| fluid drachm (fluid dram, fluidram) | ʒ, fl ʒ, fʒ, ƒ 3, fl dr | 3 fluid scruples (1⁄160 pint) | 3.5516328125 mL |
| fluid ounce | ℥, fl ℥, f℥, ƒ ℥, fl oz | 8 fluid drachms | 28.4130625 mL |
| pint | O, pt | 20 fluid ounces | 568.26125 mL |
| gallon | C, gal | 8 pints | 4.54609 L |
Note:
| |||
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the UK used three different systems for mass and weight.
The distinction betweenmass and weight is not always clearly drawn. Strictly a pound is a unit of mass, but it is commonly referred to as a weight. When a distinction is necessary, the termpound-force may refer to a unit of force rather than mass. The troy pound (373.2417216 g) was made the primary unit of mass by theWeights and Measures Act 1824 and its use was abolished in the UK on 1 January 1879,[30] with only the troy ounce (31.1034768 g) and itsdecimal subdivisions retained.[31] TheWeights and Measures Act 1855 made the avoirdupois pound the primary unit of mass.[32] In all the systems, the fundamental unit is thepound, and all other units are defined as fractions or multiples of it.
| Unit | Pounds | In SI units | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grain (gr) | 1⁄7000 | 64.79891 mg | Exactly64.79891 milligrams. | ||||||||||||||||||
| drachm (dr) | 1⁄256 | 1.7718451953125 g | A dram is1⁄16 of an ounce | ||||||||||||||||||
| ounce (oz) | 1⁄16 | 28.349523125 g | An ounce is1⁄16 of a pound | ||||||||||||||||||
| pound (lb) | 1 | 0.45359237 kg | Defined by theUnits of Measurement Regulations 1994 (SI 1994/2867)[33] | ||||||||||||||||||
| stone (st) | 14 | 6.35029318 kg | The pluralstone is often used when providing a weight (e.g. "this sack weighs 8 stone").[34] A person's weight is usually quoted in stone and pounds in English-speaking countries that use the avoirdupois system, with the exception of the United States and Canada, where it is usually quoted in pounds. | ||||||||||||||||||
| quarter (qr or qtr) | 28 | 12.70058636 kg | One quarter (literally a quarter of a hundredweight) is equal to two stone or 28 pounds. The termquarter is also used in retail contexts, where it refers to four ounces, i.e. a quarter of a pound. (The 1824 act defined a quarter as a unit of volume, as above: thus a 'quarter of wheat', 64 gallons, would weigh about 494 lb.[35]). | ||||||||||||||||||
| hundredweight (cwt) | 112 | 50.80234544 kg | One imperial hundredweight is equal to eight stone. This is thelong hundredweight, 112 pounds, as opposed to the short hundredweight of 100 pounds used in the United States and Canada.[36] | ||||||||||||||||||
| ton (ton) | 2240 | 1016.0469088 kg | Twenty hundredweight equals a ton (as in the US and Canadian[36] systems). The imperial hundredweight is 12% greater than the US and Canadian one. The imperial ton (orlong ton) is2240 pounds, which is much closer to atonne (about2204.6 pounds), compared to the 10.7% smaller North Americanshort ton of2000 pounds (907.185 kg). The symbol “t” is used to denote atonne. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gravitational units | |||||||||||||||||||||
| slug (slug) | 32.17404856 | 14.59390294 kg | The slug, a unit associated with imperial and US customary systems, is a mass that accelerates by 1 ft/s2 when a force of onepound (lbf) is exerted on it.[37]
| ||||||||||||||||||
The 1824 Act of Parliament defined the yard and pound by reference to theprototype standards, and it also defined the values of certainphysical constants, to make provision for re-creation of the standards if they were to be damaged. For the yard, the length of apendulum beatingseconds at the latitude of Greenwich atmean sea levelin vacuo was defined as39.1393 inches. For the pound, the mass of a cubic inch of distilled water at anatmospheric pressure of 30inches of mercury and a temperature of 62°Fahrenheit was defined as 252.458 grains, with there being 7,000 grains per pound.[4]
Following the destruction of the original prototypes in the1834 Houses of Parliament fire, it proved impossible to recreate the standards from these definitions, and a newWeights and Measures Act 1855 was passed which permitted the recreation of the prototypes from recognizedsecondary standards.[32]
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Since theWeights and Measures Act 1985, British law defines base imperial units in terms of their metric equivalent. The metric system is routinely used in business and technology within the United Kingdom, with imperial units remaining in widespread use amongst the public.[38] All UK roads use the imperial system except for weight limits, and newer height or width restriction signs give metric alongside imperial.[39]
Traders in the UK may accept requests from customers specified in imperial units, and scales which display in both unit systems are commonplace in the retail trade. Metric price signs may be accompanied by imperial price signs provided that the imperial signs are no larger and no more prominent than the metric ones.
The United Kingdom completed its official partial transition to the metric system in 1995, with imperial units still legally mandated for certain applications such as draught beer and cider,[40] and road-signs.[41] Therefore, the speedometers on vehicles sold in the UK must be capable of displaying miles per hour. Even though thetroy pound was outlawed in the UK in theWeights and Measures Act 1878, thetroy ounce may still be used for the weights of precious stones and metals. The original railways (many built in the Victorian era) are a big user of imperial units, with distances officially measured in miles and yards or miles andchains, and also feet and inches, and speeds are in miles per hour.
Some British people still use one or more imperial units in everyday life for distance (miles, yards, feet, and inches) and some types of volume measurement (especially milk and beer in pints; rarely for canned or bottled soft drinks, orpetrol).[38][42] As of February 2021[update], many British people also still use imperial units in everyday life for body weight (stones and pounds for adults, pounds and ounces for babies).[43] Government documents aimed at the public may give body weight and height in imperial units as well as in metric.[44] A survey in 2015 found that many people did not know their body weight or height in both systems.[45] As of 2017, people under the age of 40 preferred the metric system but people aged 40 and over preferred the imperial system.[46] As in other English-speaking countries, includingAustralia,Canada and theUnited States, the height of horses is usually measured inhands, standardised to 4 inches (102 mm). Fuel consumption for vehicles is commonly stated in miles per gallon (mpg), though official figures always include litres per100 km equivalents and fuel is sold in litres. When solddraught in licensed premises, beer and cider must be sold in pints, half-pints or third-pints.[47] Cow's milk is available in both litre- and pint-based containers in supermarkets and shops. Areas of land associated with farming, forestry and real estate are commonly advertised in acres and square feet but, for contracts andland registration purposes, the units are always hectares and square metres.[48]
Office space and industrial units are usually advertised in square feet. Steel pipe sizes are sold in increments of inches, while copper pipe is sold in increments of millimetres. Road bicycles have their frames measured in centimetres, while off-road bicycles have their frames measured in inches.Display sizes for screens on television sets and computer monitors are alwaysdiagonally measured in inches. Food sold by length or width, e.g. pizzas or sandwiches, is generally sold in inches. Clothing is usually sized in inches, with the metric equivalent often shown as a small supplementary indicator. Gas is usually measured by the cubic foot or cubic metre, but is billed like electricity by thekilowatt hour.[49]
Pre-packaged products can show both metric and imperial measures, and it is also common to see imperial pack sizes with metric only labels, e.g. a 1 lb (454 g) tin of Lyle's Golden Syrup is always labelled454 g with no imperial indicator. Similarly most jars of jam and packs of sausages are labelled454 g with no imperial indicator.
India began converting to the metric system from the imperial system between 1955 and 1962. The metric system in weights and measures was adopted by theIndian Parliament in December 1956 with theStandards of Weights and Measures Act, which took effect beginning 1 October 1958. By 1962, metric units became "mandatory and exclusive."[50]
Today all official measurements are made in the metric system. In common usage some older Indians may still refer to imperial units. Some measurements, such as the heights of mountains, are still recorded in feet. Tyre rim diameters are still measured in inches, as used worldwide. Industries like the construction and the real estate industry still use both the metric and the imperial system though it is more common for sizes of homes to be given in square feet and land in acres.[51]
InStandard Indian English, as inAustralian,Canadian,New Zealand,Singaporean, andBritish English, metric units such as the litre, metre, andtonne utilise the traditional spellings brought over fromFrench, which differ from those used in theUnited States and thePhilippines. The imperial long ton is invariably spelt with one 'n'.[51]
Hong Kong has three main systems ofunits of measurement in current use:
In 1976 theHong Kong Government started the conversion to the metric system, and as of 2012 measurements for government purposes, such as road signs, are almost always in metric units. All three systems are officially permitted for trade,[52] and in the wider society a mixture of all three systems prevails.
The Chinese system's most commonly used units for length are里 (lei5),丈 (zoeng6),尺 (cek3),寸 (cyun3),分 (fan1) in descending scale order. These units are now rarely used in daily life, the imperial and metric systems being preferred. The imperial equivalents are written with the same basic Chinese characters as the Chinese system. In order to distinguish between the units of the two systems, the units can be prefixed with "Ying" (英,jing1) for the imperial system and "Wa" (華,waa4) for the Chinese system. In writing, derived characters are often used, with an additional口 (mouth)radical to the left of the original Chinese character, for writing imperial units. The most commonly used units are themile or "li" (哩,li1), theyard or "ma" (碼,maa5), thefoot or "chek" (呎,cek3), and theinch or "tsun" (吋,cyun3).
The traditional measure of flat area is the square foot (方呎, 平方呎,fong1 cek3, ping4 fong1 cek3) of the imperial system, which is still in common use for real estate purposes. The measurement of agricultural plots and fields is traditionally conducted in畝 (mau5) of the Chinese system.
For the measurement of volume, Hong Kong officially uses the metric system, though the gallon (加侖,gaa1 leon4-2) is also occasionally used.
During the 1970s, the metric system and SI units were introduced in Canada to replace the imperial system. Within the government, efforts to implement the metric system were extensive; almost any agency, institution, or function provided by the government uses SI units exclusively. Imperial units were eliminated from all public road signs and both systems of measurement will still be found on privately owned signs, such as the height warnings at the entrance of aparkade. In the 1980s, momentum to fully convert to the metric system stalled when the government ofBrian Mulroney was elected. There was heavy opposition to metrication and as a compromise the government maintains legal definitions for and allows use of imperial units as long as metric units are shown as well.[53][54][55][56]
The law requires that measured products (such as fuel and meat) be priced in metric units and an imperial price can be shown if a metric price is present.[57][58] There tends to be leniency in regards to fruits and vegetables being priced in imperial units only.Environment Canada still offers an imperial unit option beside metric units, even though weather is typically measured and reported in metric units in the Canadian media. Some radio stations near the United States border (such asCIMX andCIDR) primarily use imperial units to report the weather. Railways in Canada also continue to use imperial units.
Imperial units are still used in ordinary conversation. Today, Canadians typically use a mix of metric and imperial measurements in their daily lives. The use of the metric and imperial systems varies by age. The older generation mostly uses the imperial system, while the younger generation more often uses the metric system.Quebec has implemented metrication more fully.[citation needed] Newborns are measured in SI at hospitals, but the birth weight and length is also announced to family and friends in imperial units. Drivers' licences use SI units, though many English-speaking Canadians give their height and weight in imperial. In livestock auction markets, cattle are sold in dollars perhundredweight (short), whereas hogs are sold in dollars per hundred kilograms. Imperial units still dominate in recipes, construction, house renovation and gardening.[59][60][61][62][63] Land is now surveyed and registered in metric units whilst initial surveys used imperial units. For example, partitioning of farmland on the prairies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was done in imperial units; this accounts for imperial units of distance and area retaining wide use in thePrairie Provinces.
In English-speaking Canada commercial and residential spaces are mostly (but not exclusively) constructed using square feet, while in French-speaking Quebec commercial and residential spaces are constructed in metres and advertised using both square metres and square feet as equivalents. Carpet or flooring tile is purchased by the square foot, but less frequently also in square metres.[64][65] Motor-vehicle fuel consumption is reported in both litres per100 km and statute miles per imperial gallon,[66] leading to the erroneous impression that Canadian vehicles are 20% more fuel-efficient than their apparently identical American counterparts for which fuel economy is reported in statute miles per US gallon (neither country specifies which gallon is used). Canadian railways maintain exclusive use of imperial measurements to describe train length (feet), train height (feet), capacity (tons), speed (mph), and trackage (miles).[67]
Imperial units also retain common use in firearms and ammunition. Imperial measures are still used in the description of cartridge types, even when the cartridge is of relatively recent invention (e.g.,.204 Ruger,.17 HMR, where the calibre is expressed in decimal fractions of an inch). Ammunition that is already classified in metric is still kept metric (e.g.,9×19mm). In the manufacture of ammunition, bullet and powder weights are expressed in terms ofgrains for both metric and imperial cartridges.
In keeping with the international standard, air navigation is based onnautical units, e.g., the nautical mile, which is neither imperial nor metric, and altitude is measured in imperial feet.[68]
While metrication in Australia has largely ended the official use of imperial units, for particular measurements, international use of imperial units is still followed.
The influence of British and American culture in Australia has been noted to be a cause for residual use of imperial units of measure.
New Zealand introduced the metric system on 15 December 1976.[69] Aviation was exempt, with altitude and airport elevation continuing to be measured in feet whilst navigation is done innautical miles; all other aspects (fuel quantity, aircraft weight, runway length, etc.) use metric units.
Screen sizes for devices such as televisions, monitors and phones, and wheel rim sizes for vehicles, are stated in inches, as is the convention in the rest of the world - and a 1992 study found a continued use of imperial units for birth weight and human height alongside metric units.[70]
Ireland has officially changed over to the metric system since entering theEuropean Union, with distances on new road signs being metric since 1997 and speed limits being metric since 2005. The imperial system remains in limited use – for sales of beer in pubs (traditionally sold by the pint). All other goods are required by law to be sold in metric units with traditional quantities being retained for goods like butter and sausages, which are sold in 454 grams (1 lb) packaging. The majority of cars sold pre-2005 feature speedometers with miles per hour as the primary unit, but with a kilometres per hour display. Often signs such as those for bridge height can display both metric and imperial units. Imperial measurements continue to be used colloquially by the general population especially with height and distance measurements such as feet, inches, and acres as well as for weight with pounds and stones still in common use among people of all ages. Measurements such as yards have fallen out of favour with younger generations. Ireland's railways still use imperial measurements for distances and speed signage.[71][72] Property is usually listed in square feet as well as metres also.
Horse racing in Ireland still continues to use stones, pounds, miles and furlongs as measurements.[73]
Imperial measurements remain in general use in theBahamas.
Legally, both the imperial and metric systems are recognised by the Weights and Measures Act 2006.[74]
Both imperial units and metric units are used inBelize. Both systems are legally recognized by the National Metrology Act.[75]
According to the CIA, in June 2009, Myanmar was one of three countries that had not adopted theSI metric system as their official system of weights and measures.[76][unreliable source?] Metrication efforts began in 2011.[77] TheBurmese government set a goal to metricate by 2019, which was not met, with the help of theGerman National Metrology Institute.[78]
Some imperial measurements remain in limited use inMalaysia, thePhilippines,Sri Lanka andSouth Africa. Measurements in feet and inches, especially for a person's height, are frequently encountered in conversation and non-governmental publications.
Prior to metrication, it was a common practice in Malaysia for people to refer to unnamed locations and small settlements along major roads by referring to how many miles the said locations were from the nearest major town. In some cases, these eventually became the official names of the locations; in other cases, such names have been largely or completely superseded by new names. An example of the former is Batu 32 (literally "Mile 32" inMalay), which refers to the area surrounding the intersection betweenFederal Route 22 (theTamparuli-Sandakan highway) andFederal Route 13 (the Sandakan-Tawau highway). The area is so named because it is 32 miles west of Sandakan, the nearest major town.
Petrol is still sold by the imperial gallon inAnguilla,Antigua and Barbuda,Belize,Myanmar, theCayman Islands,Dominica,Grenada,Montserrat,St Kitts and Nevis andSt. Vincent and the Grenadines.[citation needed] TheUnited Arab Emirates Cabinet in 2009 issued the Decree No. (270 / 3) specifying that, from 1 January 2010, the new unit sale price for petrol will be the litre and not the gallon, which was in line with the UAE Cabinet Decision No. 31 of 2006 on the national system of measurement, which mandates the use of International System of units as a basis for the legal units of measurement in the country.[79][80][81][82] Sierra Leone switched to selling fuel by the litre in May 2011.[83]
In October 2011, the Antigua and Barbuda government announced the re-launch of the Metrication Programme in accordance with the Metrology Act 2007, which established the International System of Units as the legal system of units. The Antigua and Barbuda government has committed to a full conversion from the imperial system by the first quarter of 2015.[84]
In March 2025, Dubai completed the switch from imperial gallons to cubic metres as the unit to measure water consumption.[85]
Two such Gallons shall be a Peck, and Eight such Gallons shall be a Bushel, and Eight such Bushels a Quarter of Corn or other dry Goods, not measured by Heaped Measure.. (The date of coming into effect was 1 May 1825).
...but today the British remain unique in Europe by holding onto imperial weights and measures. ...the persistent British preference for imperial over metric is particularly noteworthy...
New road signs showing height and width restrictions will use both metric and imperial measurements from March 2015....Road signs for bridges, tunnels and narrow roads can currently show measurements in just feet and inches or only metres. Some already display both.
even today [2015] some 18-24-year-olds still do not know how much they weigh in kilograms (60%) or how tall they are in metres and centimetres (54%).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)The price of gasoline at the pumps was fixed at EC$7.50 per imperial gallon...
• Kerosene per US Gallon (per Imperial gallon) • Gasoline (Regular)(per imperial Gallon) • Gasoline (Premium) (per Imperial Gallon) • Diesel (per Imperial Gallon)
