Ignatius Abded Mshiho II | |
|---|---|
| Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East | |
 | |
| Church | Syriac Orthodox Church |
| See | Antioch |
| Installed | 1895 |
| Quashed | 1903 |
| Predecessor | Ignatius Peter IV |
| Successor | Ignatius Abded Aloho II |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 January 1854 Qal’at Mara,Diyarbekir Vilayet,Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 30 August 1915 (aged 61) Monastery of Mor Hananyo,Diyarbekir Vilayet,Ottoman Empire |
| Residence | Monastery of Mor Hananyo |
Ignatius Abded Mshiho II (17 January 1854 – 30 August 1915) was thePatriarch of Antioch, and head of theSyriac Orthodox Church from 1895 until his deposition in 1903.
Abded Mshiho was born in the village of Qal’at Mara, east ofMardin, in 1854 and at the age of 12, in 1866, he joined theMonastery of Mor Hananyo where he began his education. Seven years later, in 1873, he entered the monastic orders, becoming a monk. In 1875, Abded Mshiho was ordained as priest, and in 1886, he was consecrated as a bishop.[1]
After the death of Patriarch Ignatius Peter IV in 1894, a rivalry began between Abded Mshiho and Gregorius Abded Sattuf, laterMoran Mor Ignatius Abded Aloho II, metropolitanbishop of Homs and Hama, to be elected to the patriarchal throne. According to American missionaries operating in Syria at the time, the Ottoman government interfered and intimidated bishops based on the highest bidder.[2] However, in 1895, Abded Mshiho was elected and consecrated patriarch, upon which he assumed the patriarchal name Ignatius.
Abded ascended to the patriarchal throne at the onset of a time of great difficulty for the Syriac Orthodox Church as, in October of the same year, demonstrations held by Armenian and Syriac Christians against the Ottoman governor ofAmed led to amassacre at the hands of the Muslim population throughout the province and the deaths of two-thirds of Syriac Christians in the Ottoman Empire.
According to Father Armalet, the governor summoned Abded to Amed, where the patriarch witnessed the effects of the massacre first-hand, and according to oral tradition this experience traumatised him, causing Abded to drink upon his return to the patriarchal seat. The oral tradition claims that Abded's drinking led to his deposition by a group of bishops within the church.[3] During the massacres, the village of Qal’at Mara, the birthplace of Abded, was abandoned due to Kurdish attacks.
Abded remained patriarch until his deposition on 10 November 1903, however by who and why is highly controversial within the church. The deposition was the result of an order of prohibition by the rulers of the region on 10 November 1903 and withdrawal of thefirman granted to Abded Mshiho upon his ascendency. Supporters of his successor,Ignatius Abded Aloho II, claim that Abded Mshiho had converted to Catholicism and was excommunicated by the Holy Synod as a result. Whereas supporters of Abded Mshiho claimAbded Sattuf bribed the Ottoman Government to issue afirman deposing Abded Mshiho as Patriarch. Meanwhile Abdul Messiah had gone into theSyriac Catholic Church and came back before his death.The letters written by the pope to him and theSyriac Catholic patriarchate proves this.
Ignatius Abded Aloho was the legitimate Patriarch from 5 August 1906 until his death in 1915 and was based in the Monastery of Mor Marqos inJerusalem, where he had been bishop. However, Abded Mshiho continued to reside at the Patriarchal residence in the Monastery of Mor Hananyo.[4]
The rivalry between the two patriarchs caused a rift within the church which was exacerbated whenAbded Sattuf ordained Indianmetropolitan bishops in 1908, creating fear in the Malankara Church that he would attempt to take control of the church, reversing the decisions of the Council of Mulanthuruthy in 1876. As a result, supporters of Abded Mshiho began to call for the appointment of aMaphrian orCatholicos to prevent the Malankara Church coming under Abded Sattuf's control.
In 1912, Abded Mshiho was invited to India by theMalankara MetropolitanGeevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril to discuss with the Malankara Synod who would be appointed "Catholicos", a request which he had refused previously. The Synod unanimously voted for Mar Ivanios to become Catholicos and on 15 September 1912 Abded Mshiho consecrated Ivanios asBaselios Paulose I atSt. Mary's Church, Niranam as well asGeevarghese Mar Gregorios,Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos and Yuyakkim Mar Ivanios as Bishops. He also granted the Episcopal Synod, headed by theMalankara Metropolitan, the authority to consecrate a new Catholicos when the See became vacant.
This led to the permanent division between what would become theMalankara Orthodox Syrian Church who contested Abded Mshiho's deposition, and theJacobite Syrian Christian Church who supported Abded Aloho II.
In March 1913 Abded Mshiho returned toMardin where he spent the remaining years of his life in prayer and peace. He died on 30 August 1915 and was entombed in theMonastery of Mor Hananyo, the traditional resting place of Patriarchs of Antioch. He was entombed in a similar fashion to his predecessors and his tomb is adjacent to the tombs of HH Patriarch Peter III and Mor Philoxenos Hanna Dolabani. TheMalankara Orthodox Syrian Church observes his memorial feast on August 15.[4][5]
| Preceded by | List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch 1895–1903 | Succeeded by |
