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Ifugao language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
Ifugao
Native toPhilippines
RegionIfugao,Luzon
Native speakers
(130,000 cited 1987–2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
ifb – Batad Ifugao
ifa – Amganad Ifugao
ifu – Mayoyao Ifugao
ifk – Tuwali language
Glottologifug1247
Area where the Ifugao dialect continuum is spoken according toEthnologue

Ifugao orBatad is aMalayo-Polynesian language spoken in the northern valleys ofIfugao,Philippines. It is a member of theNorthern Luzon subfamily and is closely related to theBontoc andKankanaey languages.[2] It is adialect continuum, and its four main varieties—such asTuwali—are sometimes considered separate languages.[3]

Loanwords from other languages, such asIlokano, are replacing some older terminology.[4]

Dialects

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Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the four Ifugao languages.

  • Amganad Ifugao: spoken inHungduan andBanaue municipalities ofIfugao Province, and into southwesternMountain Province. 27,100 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Burnay Ifugao and Banaue Ifugao.
  • Batad Ifugao (Ayangan Ifugao): spoken in centralIfugao Province. There are also some speakers inIsabela Province, on the eastern shore of theMagat reservoir. 10,100 speakers as of 2002. Dialects include Ducligan Ifugao.
  • Mayoyao Ifugao (Mayaoyaw): spoken inIfugao Province, (northernMayoyao,Aguinaldo, andAlfonso Lista municipalities) andMountain Province (2 small border areas). 30,000 speakers as of 2007.
  • Tuwali Ifugao (Gilipanes, Ifugaw, Kiangan Ifugao, Quiangan, Tuwali): spoken in southernIfugao Province. 30,000 speakers as of 2000. Dialects are Hapao Ifugao, Hungduan Ifugao, and Lagawe Ifugao.

Phonology

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Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptkʔ
voicedbdɡ
Nasalmnŋ
Fricativeh
Laterall
Approximantwj
  • Other sounds such as /s/ and /r/ occur in loanwords.

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiʊ ~ u
Midɛəɔ
Opena
  • /ʊ/ can also be heard as close-back [u].
  • /ə/ does not exist in the Tuwali dialect.[5]
  • /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ].[6]

Orthography

[edit]

The unified Ifugao alphabet is as follows: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, T, U, W, Y. The letters are pronounced differently depending on the dialect of the speaker.[7]

References

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  1. ^Batad Ifugao atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Amganad Ifugao atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Mayoyao Ifugao atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Tuwali language atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^(Lebar, 1975: 78)
  3. ^(Newell and Poligon, 1993)
  4. ^Kinnud, Richard (2013-08-21)."Language Change in the Cordillera".Sun.Star. Baguio. Archived fromthe original on 2020-01-23. Retrieved2013-08-30.
  5. ^Taleon, Kristine (2020).A Phonological Sketch of Tuwali Ifugao. University of the Philippines Diliman.
  6. ^Newell, Leonard E.; Poligon, Francis (1993).Batad Ifugao dictionary, with ethnographic notes. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. pp. 3–10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  7. ^Hay Mahun an Bahaon, A Pre-Primer in Ayangan Ifugao.Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1984.

External links

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