Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Anak Agung in 1947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd Prime Minister of East Indonesia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 15 December 1947 – 27 December 1949 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Semuel Jusof Warouw | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1921-07-21)21 July 1921 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 22 April 1999(1999-04-22) (aged 77) Gianyar,Bali, Indonesia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Democratic Fraction (c. 1950s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | Anak Agung Gde Agung | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung[1][a] (21 July 1921 – 22 April 1999),[2] was an Indonesian politician, diplomat, and historian who was theRaja ofGianyar,Bali. During his political career, he served as prime minister of theState of East Indonesia (1947–1949),minister of home affairs (1949–1950), andminister of foreign affairs (1955–1956).[2] He also served as an ambassador to various Western countries.
Born inGianyar,Bali, on 21 July 1921, Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung was born to Raja Anak Gunung Ngurah Agung, theRaja ofGianyar.[2] He obtained a doctorate at theUniversity of Utrecht, the Netherlands, in the field ofhistory. He served as the prime minister of theState of East Indonesia from 1947 to 1949. Following the independence of Indonesia, he served as Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Foreign Affairs during the era ofPresidentSukarno's administration. In addition, he has also served as the Indonesian Ambassador toBelgium,Portugal,France, andAustria.
Based on Presidential Decree No. 066/TK/2007, PresidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono bestowed the title of National Hero to several national figures including Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung for his services in thestruggle for Indonesian Independence, specifically for establishing and being the main driver of theFederal Consultative Assembly (PMF) in 1948, the association of federal states and territories in Indonesia aimed at gathering political power to overcome various Dutch-Indonesian negotiations.[3]
Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung was born inGianyar,Bali, on 21 July 1921. He was the son of Raja Anak Gunung Ngurah Agung, theRaja ofGianyar. Since he was a small child, he was interested in history.[2] He started his school education at theHollandsche-Inlandsche School, the equivalent ofelementary school. He then continued his education atMeer Uitgebreid Lagere Onderwijs (MULO), the equivalent ofjunior high school. After graduating from MULO, he continued his education at theAlgemeene Middelbare School, the equivalent ofhigh school. After that, he studied law at theRechtshogeschool (The predecessor of the law faculty of theUniversity of Indonesia), inBatavia (nowJakarta), and obtained a Doctorate of History in the Netherlands.[4][5]
On 23 August 1943, a year after the Japanese invaded, Anak Agung became theRaja ofGianyar, a month after he celebrated his twenty-second birthday, making him only 22 years old. This was after his father was suspected and detained by the Japanese Ministry fortreason.[6]
Anak Agung's role in politics began in theState of East Indonesia (NIT). He served asprime minister from December 1947 until December 1949. He also served as the premier forTjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati, a key figure in theEast Indonesian government based inSulawesi.[7] In this role, he played a decisive part in theRound Table Conference that finally led to Dutch recognition of Indonesia's independence.[8]
Following the transfer of sovereignty on December 27, 1949, Agung served as a member of the short-livedRepublic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet, where he served as minister of the interior.[8] Due to his Federalist sympathies, he politically feuded withSukarno, who advocated aunitaryRepublic of Indonesia. Following the abolition of the federal system in 1950, he served as the Indonesianambassador toBelgium, followed by successive appointments as ambassador toLuxembourg,Portugal,France, andAustria.[7] During the Sukarno presidency, Agung served as Indonesia'sforeign minister between 1955 and 1956 and was a participant in theWest New Guinea dispute. Later, he was imprisoned by the Sukarno regime between 1962 and 1966 but was never brought to trial.[8]
Following the1965 attempted coup and rise ofSuharto'sNew Order regime, Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung was released by the newIndonesian foreign ministerAdam Malik, who also restored him to his senior position in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During the New Order era, Agung served as Indonesia's ambassador to Austria. During his time overseas, Agung also authoredTwenty Years Indonesian foreign policy 1945–1965, a 660-page history of Indonesian foreign policy during the Sukarno era. In his book, Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung argued that Indonesian foreign policy was based on the principles of independence and action, which meant remaining independent of foreign powers. Agung also argued that Sukarno abandoned Indonesia's independent foreign policy by aligning Indonesia with China and embarking on apolicy of confrontation against Malaysia.[8]
Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung died inGianyar,Bali, indonesia, on April 22, 1999. Based on Presidential Decree No. 066/TK/2007, PresidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono bestowed the title of National Hero to several national figures, including Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung for his services in thestruggle for Indonesian Independence,[5][9] specifically for his services in 1948 in establishing and being the main driver of theFederal Consultative Assembly (PMF), the association of federal states and territories in Indonesia aimed at gathering political power to overcome various Dutch-Indonesian negotiations.[3] He was also given the Bintang Mahaputra Adipradana award by the Indonesian government.
The following is a list of writings by Anak Agung.
| Title | Year of Publication | Publisher | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dua Puluh Tahun Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia 1945-1965 Twenty Years Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945-1965 | 1973 | Mouton | 640 |
| Kenangan masa lampau zaman kolonial Hindia Belanda dan zaman pendudukan Jepang di Bali Memories of the past during the Dutch East Indies colonial era and the Japanese occupation in Bali | 1993 | Obor Indonesia | 236 |
| Persetujuan Linggajati prolog & epilog Linggajati agreement prologue & epilogue | 1995 | Pustaka Nusatama | 444 |
| Renville – Terjemahan Renville – Translation | 1991 | Sinar Harapan | 407 |
| Pernyataan Rum-van Roijen Rum-van Roijen statement | 1995 | University of Michigan | 124 |
| Dari Terbentuknya Negara Indonesia Timur Menuju Berdirinya Negara Indonesia Serikat From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia | 1996 | Obor Indonesia | 906 |
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