Ibn Juzayy | |
|---|---|
ابن جُزَيّ | |
| Title | Shaykh al-Islam Al-Ḥāfiẓ |
| Personal life | |
| Born | 1294 |
| Died | 1340 (aged 45–46) |
| Cause of death | Killed inBattle of Tarifa |
| Era | Middle Ages |
| Region | Iberian Peninsula |
| Main interest(s) | Tafsir,Qira'at,Hadith,Islamic Jurisprudence,Islamic theology,Legal theory,Arabic,literature,Poetry |
| Notable work(s) | Al-Tashil li Ulum al-Tanzil Al-Qawanin al-Fiqhiyyah Taqrib al-Wuṣul 'ila Ilm al-Usul |
| Occupation | Scholar,Mufassir,Reciter,Jurist,Traditionist,Theologian,Legal theoretician,litterateur,Poet |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Maliki |
| Creed | Ash'ari[1][2] |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yaḥyā ibn Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Juzayy al-Kalbī al-Gharnāṭī (Arabic:محمد بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن يحيى بن يوسف بن عبد الرحمن بن جُزَي الكلبي الغرناطي), better known asIbn Juzayy (Arabic:ابن جُزَيّ) was anAndalusianSunniMuslim scholar ofArab origin. He was a distinguishedMalikijurist,legal theoretician,Quran commentator,Quran reciter,hadith scholar,historian, scholar inArabic,poet,preacher,orator, and aliterary figure.[3][4][5] He gained renown at a young age as a leading scholar of his time in al-Andalus, celebrated for both his classical writings and hismartyrdom in thejihad against theSpanish Christian crusade.
Ibn Juzayy Al-Kalbi ancestry is originally fromYemen. He is a member of the Yemeni tribe calledKalbal-Quda'iyya, and his tribeBanu Kalb reachedAndalusia in two ways: The first category was that of governors, which ledAnbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi to enter in 103 AH as a governor. The second category was that of the conquerors, whichAbu al-Khatar Hussam bin Dirar Al-Kalbi entered in 125 AH. All these kinds belonged to a tribe called the Kalb, although Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi's forefathers were among the conquerors. His grandfather, Sultan Abu Bakr Abdul Rahman Ibn Juzayy, was given the position of president and exclusive management ofJaén in the year 539 AH.[6]
He was born, on Thursday, the ninth ofRabi' al-Thani, in the year 693 AH corresponding to March 15, 1294 CE, in the city ofGranada, the capital of Andalusia at that time.[7]
He came from an illustrious family renown for their knowledge and piety. His father Ahmad Ibn Juzayy (d. 710 AH approximately) was a scholar and a reciter. It was through his family's influence that led him to crave for knowledge.[8]
Ibn al-Khatib said: “He (may Allah have mercy upon him) was sincerely devoted to knowledge, studying, writing, and teaching, and he ventured into different areas of knowledge: Arabic language, Usool al-Fiqh, Quranic modes of recitation, Hadeeth, Arabic literature, and Tafseer. He memorized and comprehended the statements of the earlier scholars and studied many books and references.”[3]
His Famous Teachers are:[8]
He also narrated from:[8]
After this stage, Ibn Juzayy devoted himself to teaching his students the Qur’an, the rules of its recitation, the readings with their narrations, and he taught them the Hadith, especially the six main Sunni Hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah), includingMuwatta Malik, the Arabic language, interpretation, legal theory and Maliki jurisprudence. He worked early on in writing and he mostly worked in issuingfatwas according to theMaliki school of thought. He was appointed as apreacher and led prayers in theGreat Mosque in Granada, despite his young age; people commended his knowledge, righteousness and character.[7]
Many students graduated under him:
And his three sons, they are:
OnJumada al-Awwal 9th, 741 AH corresponding to October 30, 1340 AD, Ibn Juzayy was killed in theBattle of Tarifa at the young age of 46, which took place in southern Andalusia between the Muslim army, consisting of an alliance of theMarinid Sultanate and theEmirate of Granada, and the Christian army, consisting of an alliance of theKingdom of Castile and theKingdom of Portugal. Ibn Juzay was participating with the Muslim army and he was the forefront in vocalizingjihad urging them to fight and stimulating their enthusiasm, but when the battle ended with the defeat of the Muslim armies, Ibn Juzayy was killed and died asmartyr.[9]
Ibn Juzayy was a multi-talented writer whose works demonstrate his depth of knowledge and virtue. He has written in a variety of fields, including the science of interpretation, recitation, Arabic, Hadith, history, fiqh, the principles of fiqh, the principles of religion, and a number of poems strewn throughout his works. Despite living a short life, his works have achieved prominence and still widely read till this day.[9]
He had three sons. His son Abu Abdullah Ibn Juzayy is mainly known as the writer to whomIbn Battuta dictated an account of his travels. He wrote "The Travels of Ibn Battuta" (RiḥlatIbn Baṭūṭah) in 1352-55.
Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani (d. 852/1449;Rahimahullah), the mentor of Hadith scholars and author of the book "Fath al-Bari bi-Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari", which not a single Islamic scholar can dispense with, was Ash'ari. The shaykh of the scholars of Sunni Islam, Imamal-Nawawi (d. 676/1277; Rahimahullah), author of "Sharh Sahih Muslim" and many other famous works, was Ash'ari. The master of Qur'anic exegetes, Imamal-Qurtubi (d. 671/1273; Rahimahullah), author of "al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an", was Ash'ari. Shaykh al-IslamIbn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974/1567; Rahimahullah), who wrote "al-Zawajir 'an Iqtiraf al-Kaba'ir", was Ash'ari. The Shaykh of Sacred Law and Hadith, the conclusive definitiveZakariyya al-Ansari (d. 926/1520; Rahimahullah), was Ash'ari. ImamAbu Bakr al-Baqillani (d. 403/1013; Rahimahullah), Imam al-'Asqalani; Imamal-Nasafi (d. 710/1310; Rahimahullah); Imamal-Shirbini (d. 977/1570; Rahimahullah);Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati, author of the Qur'anic commentary "al-Bahr al-Muhit"; Imam Ibn Juzayy (d. 741/1340; Rahimahullah); author of "al-Tashil fi 'Ulum al-Tanzil"; and others – all of these were Imams of the Ash'aris.
