Known as the Cultural Capital of Romania, Iași is a symbol of Romanian history. HistorianNicolae Iorga stated that "there should be no Romanian who does not know of it".[13] Still referred to as "The Moldavian Capital", Iași is the main economic and business centre of Romania's Moldavian region.[14] In December 2018, Iași was officially declared the Historical Capital of Romania.[15]
At the2021 census, the city-proper had a population of 271,692, itsmetropolitan area had a population of 423,154,[5] whereas more than 500,000 people live within itsperi-urban area.[16][17] Counting 500,668 residents (as of 2018), the Iașiurban area is the second most populous in Romania afterBucharest.[18]
An 1871 Romaniantelegraph stamp, using the historic name ofJassy
Scholars have different theories on the origin of the name "Iași".[22] Some argue that the name originates with theSarmatian tribeIazyges (of Iranian origin), one mentioned byOvid as"ipse vides, onerata ferox ut ducatIazyx/ per medias Histri plaustra bubulcus aquas"[23] and"Iazyges et Colchi Metereaque turba Getaque/ Danubii mediis vix prohibentur aquis".[24]
Other explanations show that the name originated from the IranianAlanic tribe ofJassi, having the same origin with the Yazyges tribesJassic people. In medieval times the Prut river was known asAlanus fluvius and the city asForum Philistinorum.[25][26][27] From this population derived the plural of the town name, "Iașii".
Another historian wrote that theIasians lived among theCumans and that they left the Caucasus after the first Mongolian campaign in the West, settling temporarily near the Prut. He asserts that the ethnic name of Jasz which is given to the Iasians by the Hungarians has been erroneously identified with the Jazyges; also he shows that the wordjasz is a Slavic loan word.[28] The Hungarian name of the city (Jászvásár) literally means "Jassic Market"; the antiquated Romanian name,Târgul Ieșilor (and the once-favouredIașii), and the GermanJassenmarkt, may indicate the same meaning.
Archaeological investigations attest to the presence of human communities on the present territory of the city and around it as far back as the prehistoric age.[29] Later settlements included those of theCucuteni–Trypillia culture, a lateNeolithicarchaeological culture.
There is archaeological evidence of human settlements in the area of Iași dating from the 6th to 7th centuries (Curtea Domnească) and 7th to 10th centuries; these settlements contained rectangular houses with semicircular ovens.[30] Also, many of the vessels (9th–11th centuries) found in Iași had a cross, potentially indicating that the inhabitants were Christians.[31]
In 1396, Iași is mentioned by the German crusaderJohann Schiltberger (a participant in theBattle of Nicopolis).[32] The name of the city is first found in an official document in 1408. This is a grant of certain commercial privileges by the MoldavianPrinceAlexander to the Polish merchants ofLvov. However, as buildings older than 1408 still exist, e.g. the Armenian Church believed to be originally built in 1395, it is certain that the city existed before its first surviving written mention.
In 1640,Vasile Lupu established the first school in which the Romanian replaced Greek, and set up a printing press in theByzantineTrei Ierarhi Monastery (Monastery of theThree Hierarchs; built 1635–39). Between 15 September – 27 October 1642, the city hosted theSynod of Iași (also referred to as the Synod of Jassy).[34] In 1643, the first volume ever printed inMoldavia was published in Iași.
The city was often burned down and looted by theTatars (in 1513, 1574, 1577, 1593), by theOttomans in 1538, theCossacks and Tartars (1650), or thePoles (1620, 1686).[35] In 1734, it was hit by theplague. The city was also affected by famine (1575, 1724, 1739–1740), or large local fires (1725, 1735, 1753, 1766, 1785), propagated by many buildings that were built on wooden structures.[35]
It was through theTreaty of Jassy that the sixthRusso-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. A Greek revolutionary manoeuvre and occupation underAlexander Ypsilanti (Αλέξανδρος Υψηλάντης) and theFiliki Eteria (Φιλική Εταιρία) (1821, at the beginning of theGreek War of Independence) led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822.[33] In 1844 a severe fire affected much of the city.
Between 1564 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iași andBucharest were de facto capitals of theUnited Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognised under the name ofRomania, the national capital was established in Bucharest. For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest theconstituent assembly voted 148,150lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made.[33]
DuringWorld War I, Iași was the capital of a much reduced Romania for two years, following theCentral Powers' occupation of Bucharest on 6 December 1916. The capital was returned to Bucharest after the defeat ofImperial Germany and its allies in November 1918. In November–December 1918 Iași hosted theJassy Conference.
Iași also figures prominently inJewish history, with the first documented presence ofSephardi Jews from the late 16th century. The oldest tomb inscription in the local cemetery probably dates to 1610.[36] By the mid-19th century, owing to widespreadRussian Jewish andGalician Jewishimmigration into Moldavia, the city was at least one-third Jewish, growing to 50% Jewish by 1899 according to theGreat Geographic Dictionary of Romania cited byJewishGen.[37] ThePodu Roș Synagogue was built in Iași, circa 1810, byAvraham Yehoshua Heshel ofApta, but the synagogue became mostlyMisnagdic not long thereafter.
In 1855, Iași was the home of the first-everYiddish-language newspaper,Korot Haitim, and, in 1876, the site of what was arguably the first-ever professionalYiddish theatre performance, established byAvraham Goldfaden. The words ofHaTikvah, the national anthem of Israel, were written in Iași byNaftali Herz Imber. Jewish musicians in Iași played an important role as preservers of Yiddish folklore, as performers and composers.
The first ZionistHebrew-language newspaper in Romania,Emek Israel, was published in Iași in 1882. Zionist sports clubs, student associations and discussion groups were established in the city, most of which later merged into theOrganizația Sionistă. The Hachshara Farms in Iași were a type of training farms to prepare young people for resettlement in the Palestine region.[38]
According to the 1930 census, with a population of 34,662 (some 34% of the city's population), Jews were the second largest ethnic group in Iași. There were over 127synagogues. During WWII Romanian government forces under MarshallIon Antonescu launched theIași pogrom against the city's Jewish community, which lasted from 28 June to 30 June 1941. According to Romanian authorities,[39] over 13,266 people,[40] or one third of the Jewish population, were massacred and many were deported. It was one of the worst pogroms during World War II.[41] AfterWorld War II, in 1947, there were about 38,000 Jews living in Iași. Because of massive emigration to Israel, in 1975 there were about 3,000 Jews living in Iași and four synagogues were active.[36]
Podu Roș Synagogue (photo circa 1910)
Currently, Iași has a dwindling Jewish population of ca. 300 to 600 members and two working synagogues, one of which, the 1671Great Synagogue, is theoldest surviving synagogue in Romania and among the oldest synagogues still active in Europe. A 10-year restoration project funded by UNESCO, the Romanian Ministry of Culture and the local authorities of Iași restored it to its former glory, opening in time forHanukkah on 4 December 2018.[42][43]
The history of the city and its development is marked by the thriving commercial community ofGreeks, as well as their occupation of public positions.[44] The Greek-bornmonarchs of Moldavia, politicians, teachers, clergy, doctors, philosophers, and writers contributed decisively to the emergence of Iași as an intellectual center.[44]
Memorial inscription placed on the facade of the house of Greek scholarDaniel Philippidis in Iași (address: Strada Cuza Vodă 3)
The Greek Hegemonic School (Ελληνική Ηγεμονική Σχολή) was founded in 1709 in Iași and organized in 1710 by princeNicholas Mavrocordatos.[44] The city already had a Greek printing shop next to theTrei Ierarhi Monastery, since the time of the rulerVasile Lupu.[44] From 1774 the school was transformed into an academy with a philological, theological, mathematical and physical department, an academy that became known for its great Greek professors.[44] A Greek Mechanical School also operated in Iași at the same time.[44] From 1728, theGreek language began to be taught as a subject in the existing school, and from 1776 it was established as the language for all subjects at the school.[44]
Iași was an important center of therevolutionary organizationFiliki Eteria and was chosen as the core of the formation of the Greek forces.[44] HereGeorgios Lassanis fromKozani gathered and recruited warriors on the orders ofAlexander Ypsilantis.[44] On 24 February 1821, Alexander Ypsilantis issued a proclamation at Trei Ierarhi Monastery and at the head of approximately 200 infantry and cavalry, declared theGreek Revolution.[44][45] The struggle for the liberation ofGreece begun in Iași.[44]
The modern "Greek Community of Iași" was founded in 1990.[44] The community has approximately 400 official members but the Greeks in Iași are much more numerous according to its president Marika Pieptou.[44] At the end of May 2008, the 7th Greek Language "Olympiad" was organized in the city of Iași, in the halls of the “Ion Simionescu” General School.[44] 66 students of Greek origin andphilhellenes, of all ages and language levels, took part in the competition.[44] The organizers were honored with the presence of the Minister of Education of Romania, Anghel Stanciu, the Chairman of the Education Committee of the Romanian Parliament, as well as representatives of the local authorities and the presidency of theHellenic Union of Romania.[44] Also, at theAlexandru Ioan Cuza University there is a department (lectorate) of Greek language.[44]
During the war, while the full scale ofthe Holocaust remained generally unknown to theAllied Powers, theIași pogrom, launched by the Romanian dictator,Ion Antonescu, stood as one of the well-known examples of brutality toward the Jews. The pogrom lasted from 29 June to 6 July 1941, and over 13,266 people,[46] or one third of the Jewish population, were massacred in the pogrom itself or in its aftermath, and many were deported. Particularly brutal was the massacre of Jews who were forced on sealed trains in the brutal summer heat. Over half of the occupants perished in these trains, which were aimlessly driven throughout the countryside with no particular destination.
In May 1944, the Iași area became the scene of ferocious fighting between Romanian-German forces and the advancingSovietRed Army and the city was partially destroyed. The GermanPanzergrenadier DivisionGroßdeutschland won a defensive victory at theBattle of Târgu Frumos, near Iași, which was the object of severalNATO studies during theCold War. By 20 August, Iași had been taken by Soviet forces.[47]
Iași suffered heavy damage due to Soviet (June–July 1941, June 1944) and American (June 1944) airstrikes, respectively. The bombing of Soviet aviation and artillery on 20 August 1944, resulted in more than 5,000 civilian deaths and the destruction of two-thirds of the city.[48]
Iași experienced a major wave of industrialisation, in 1955–1989.[49] During this period of time, it received numerous migrants from rural regions, and the urban area expanded.[50] In theCommunist era, Iași saw a growth of 235% in population and 69% in area. The local systematisation plans of the old city started in 1960 and continued in the 1970s and 1980s as part of the larger nationalsystematisation programme; however, the urban planning was sometimes arbitrary and followed by dysfunctions.[51] By 1989, Iași had become highly industrialised, with 108,000 employees (representing 47% of the total workforce) active in 46 largestate-owned enterprises, in various industries: machine building and heavy equipment, chemical, textile, pharmaceutical, metallurgical, electronics, food, energy, building materials, furniture.[52][53]
Afterthe end of the Communist regime and the transition to a free market economy, the private sector has grown steadily, while much of the old industry (such as the industrial sector) gradually decayed.
The city lies on theBahlui River valley, a tributary of theJijia River (tributary of thePrut River). The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, featuring monasteries and parks. Iași itself stands amid vineyards and gardens, partly on hills, partly in the in-between valley.[33]
The central part of the city is located on the 25 m (82 ft) fluvial terrace of the Bahlui River (the so-called Palat Terrace).[54] From this nucleus, the city evolved after the medieval times toward south and north on the Bahlui River floodplain and on the adjacent hills. The southern part of the city lies on theIași Ridge (Romanian:Coasta Iașilor) (the northernmost hill of the Bârlad Plateau). Considering the present day extension of the administrative boundaries, the city territory has an altitudinal extension of 320 m (1,050 ft), between the 34.5m a.s.l. (113.19 ft) in the Bahlui River floodplain, at the Holboca bridge, and 354.77 m a.s.l. (1,163.94 ft), at the edge of theRepedea Hill.
It is a common belief that Iași is built on seven hills (Romanian:coline): Breazu, Bucium, Cetățuia, Copou, Galata, Repedea and Șorogari, thus triggering comparisons withRome.
Under theKöppen climate classification, Iaşi falls within either ahumid continental climate (Dfa, nearDfb) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used, or ahumid temperate climate (Cfa) bordering on anoceanic climate (Cfb) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. Iași experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm with temperatures sometimes exceeding 35 °C (95 °F) while winters are cold and windy with moderate snowfall and temperatures at night sometimes dropping below −15 °C (5 °F).
The neo-GothicPalace of Culture, built on the old ruins of the mediaeval Princely Court is a reconstruction of the former neoclassical Princely Palace of MoldaviaGrand Hotel Traian (Union Square), designed and built byGustave Eiffel
The mid-1990s to early-2000s brought the first non-industrial glasscurtain walled buildings (Romtelecom, Hotel Europa), while in 2012, in close proximity to the Palace of Culture, thePalas shopping mall and office complex was inaugurated.
Dosoftei House [ro], a building from the second half of the 17th century in which in 1679, the metropolitan bishop Dosoftei settled the second typography in Moldavia. With three façades, arched and right-angled windows, the edifice was restored between 1966 and 1969. It houses the department of old literature of the Romanian Literature Museum;
Roznovanu Palace (The City Hall), second half of the 18th century, rebuilt between 1830 and 1833, it hosted the Romanian government duringWorld War I;
Pogor House [ro], 1850, a meeting place for the city intellectuals, the headquarters of Literary SocietyJunimea (1863) and of theConvorbiri Literare (Literary Interlocutions) magazine (1867), houses the Romanian Literature Museum;
Golia Monastery, 1564, rebuilt in 1650 in late-Renaissance style with Byzantine frescoes and intricately carved doorways, is a monumental construction, a monastery in the middle of the city, surrounded by tall walls, with corner turrets, and a 30 m (98.43 ft) height bell tower;
The city has become a major Christian pilgrimage site since theearly modern period. In 1641, the relics ofSaint Parascheva were brought to Iași. Each year, around 14 October, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims gather to commemorate Saint Parascheva, while the city itself established its Celebration Days at the same time.[63] The October pilgrimage is one of the largest in Europe, drawing people all over Romania as well as from neighbouring Orthodox countries.[21]
During the entire year, pilgrimages to Iași can also involve visits to a large number of religious sites, both within and around the city.
Begun in 1833, at the time when Iași was the capital ofMoldavia, by PrinceMihail Sturdza and under the plans of Gheorghe Asachi and Mihail Singurov,Copou Park was integrated into the city and marks one of the first Romanian coordinated public parks. The oldest monument in Romania stands in the middle of the park, theObelisk of Lions [ro] (1834), a 13.5 m (44.29 ft) tallobelisk, dedicated to theRegulamentul Organic, the first law on political, administrative and juridical organisation in Romanian Principalities.[64]
Founded in 1856, theBotanical Garden of Iași, the first botanical garden in Romania, has an area of over 100 hectares, and more than 10,000 species of plants.
TheCiric Park, located in the north-eastern part of Iași, consists of parkland and four lakes.
Eminescu's Linden Tree (Romanian:Teiul lui Eminescu) is a 500-year-old silver linden (Tilia tomentosaMoench) situated inCopou Park.Mihai Eminescu reportedly wrote some of his best works underneath this linden tree, rendering it one of Romania's most importantnatural monuments and a notable Iași landmark.[65] TheOdd Poplars Alley [ro], in Bucium neighbourhood, is another spot where Mihai Eminescu sought inspiration (the poem "Down Where the Lonely Poplars Grow"). In 1973, the 15 white poplars still left (with the age ranges between 233 and 371 years) were declared natural monuments.
Iași County has 387 centuries-old trees, of which 224 were declared monument trees and 160 got theRomanian Academy's approval and are proposed for such a classification. Most of them are oak or linden trees. The oldest tree in the county is the 675-year-old hybrid linden (Tilia) tree located in the courtyard ofBârnova Monastery, in the vicinity of Iași. When the linden was about 57 years old and about 14 cm (5.5 in) in diameter, Iași was mentioned as an urban settlement, during the reign of PrinceAlexander the Good (1408).[66]
As of2021 census, with 271,692 inhabitants, Iași is the country's third most populous city.[5] With a population of 500,668 residents (2018), the Iașiurban area is the second largest in Romania.[18]
As of 2021, theIași metropolitan area (which includes Iași and 19 other nearby communities) had a population of 423,154, whileIași County, with its 760,774 inhabitants, was themost populous county in Romania (after the Municipality of Bucharest).[5] Additionally there were 60,000 more residents (mostly students) and thousands of daily commuters.
According to the 2002 census, in Iași there were 109,357 housing units and 320,888 people living within the city proper. Of this population, 98.5% were ethnicRomanians, while 0.59% were ethnicRomani, 0.13%Jews, 0.13%Greeks, 0.13%Lipovans, 0.08%Hungarians, 0.05%Germans and 0.39% others.[73] In terms of religion, 92.5% of the population wereChristian Orthodox, 4.9%Roman Catholic, other religious groups 2.6%. There are currently almost 10,000 Roman Catholics living in Iași.[74] There is a debate between historians as to whether the Catholics are originally of Romanian or Hungarian descent.[75]
Iași is an important economic centre in Romania. The local and regional economy relies onindustry andservice sector institutions and establishments. The most important service sectors are related to education, health care, banking, research, culture, government and tourism.
An estimated workforce of more than 35,000 employees is active in Iași'sindustrial manufacturing sector,[78] particularly in automotive (Delphi,Lear, Conex Distribution), pharmaceutical industry (Antibiotice Iași, Fiterman Pharma, Ircon SRL), metallurgical production (ArcelorMittal, Technosteel LBR), aerospace (BMT Aerospace), industrial equipment (Agmus, ASAM, Fortus), energy (E.ON Moldova Distribuție,Veolia Energie), textiles and clothing (Benetton, Iași Conf, Iașitex), home appliances (Tehnoton), building materials (Brikston, Build Corp), food (Compan, Panifcom, Zeelandia).[53][79]
Located in an area recognised for its vineyards and wines, Iași is part of a traditionalwine region with viticultural centres surrounding the city: Copou, Bucium, Uricani, Comarna, Plugari, and Probota. Iași County is also home to renownedCotnari andBohotin vineyards.[80][81]
With large shopping malls and commercial centres located in the area, Iași also has a well-developedretail business.
The city's current local council has the following multi-party political composition, based on the results of the ballots cast at the2024 Romanian local elections:[85]
Major events in the political and cultural history of Moldavia are connected with the name of the city of Iași. The great scholars of the 17th century,Grigore Ureche,Miron Costin and laterIon Neculce, wrote most of their works in the city or not far from it and the famous scholarDimitrie Cantemir known throughout all Europe also linked his name to the capital of Moldavia.
The first newspaper in Romanian was published in 1829 in Iași and it is in Iași where, in 1867, appeared under literary societyJunimea, theConvorbiri Literare review in whichIon Creangă’sChildhood Memories and the best poems byMihai Eminescu were published. The reviewsContemporanul andViața Românească appeared in 1871, respectively in 1906 with great contributions to promoting Romanian national cultural values.
TheTheatre Museum [ro], opened in 1976 at the celebration of 160 years since the first theatrical performance in Romanian, illustrates the development of the theatrical phenomenon since the beginning, important moments of the history of Iași National Theatre, the foundation, in 1840, of the Philharmonic-dramatic Conservatoire, prestigious figures that have contributed to the development of the Romanian theatre.
TheUnion Museum [ro], includes original pieces and documents which belonged to princeAl. I. Cuza and his family.
TheMuseum of Natural History [ro], founded on 4 February 1834, is the first museum of this kind in Romania with over 300,000 items, the most valuable being the collections of insects, mollusc, amphibians, reptiles, birds, plants and minerals.
Four other museums are located in thePalace of Culture: with its roots dating back to 1860, theIași Art Museum is the oldest of its kind in Romania,[86] and, with more than 8,700 works (many of them belonging to the universal patrimony), has the largest art collection in the country; theMoldavia's History Museum, offers more than 48,000 objects from various fields, archaeology, numismatics, decorative art, ancient books, documents; theEthnographic Museum of Moldavia owns more than 13,000 objects depicting the Romanian advance through the ages; theScience and Technology Museum's collection has more than 11,200 objects in five distinct sections and one memorial house.[87]
In May 2016, theIași Municipal Museum [ro] was re-established, while in July 2021 four new museums, located in the House of Museums, were opened to the public: the Museum of Iași Pogrom, the Museum of the Jewish Theatre in Romania, the Museum of Poetry, and the Museum of Childhood under Communism.[88]Iași is home to the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University Library, voted the most beautiful library in the world in a 2015 online poll. The library is situated within the historical University Palace, a building designed by architects Louis Blanc and Petru Poni, who drew inspiration from prominent European academic architecture.[89]
FILIT (International Festival of Literature and Translation) is a yearly literature and translation festival organised through the Iași Museum of Romanian Literature, begun in 2013;
FIE (International Education Festival), launched in 2013, is a mix of cultural and educative events;
International Theatre Festival for Young Audience was launched in 2008 and it is hosted each October byLuceafărul Theatre;
Since 2010 at SFR(Romanian Film Nights) are presented films from different periods of Romanian cinema, as well as new films, debut films or short films, with the invitation of actors, directors, scriptwriters and film critics in the projection;
Started in 2017, afterhills is the biggest music festival in Moldavia. Other music festivals: Rock'n'Iași since 2007 and Rocanotherworld since 2016.
Hangariada is an aeronautics and art festival organised each year in May;
Live music and different other artistic events (poetry nights, readings) are a habitual occurrence in the various bars and coffee shops the city has to offer.
The first institute of higher learning that functioned on the territory of Romania wasAcademia Vasiliană (1640) founded by PrinceVasile Lupu as a "higher school for Latin and Slavonic languages", followed by thePrincely Academy in 1707.
The first high education structure inRomanian was established in the autumn of 1813, when engineerGheorghe Asachi laid the foundations of a class of engineers, its activities taking place within theGreek Hegemonic School.
After 1813, other moments marked the development of higher education in Romanian, regarding bothhumanities and the technical science. In 1835,Academia Mihăileană founded byPrinceMihail Sturdza is considered first Romanian superior institute in the country.
In 1860, three faculties part of the Academia Mihăileană formed the nucleus for the newly establishedUniversity of Iași, the first Romanian university.
In 1937, the twoapplied science sections of the University of Iași became departments of the newly createdGheorghe Asachi Polytechnic School. In the period before and afterWorld War II, the later (renamedPolytechnic Institute in 1948) extended its domain of activity, especially in the field of engineering, and became known as Gheorghe Asachi Technical University in 1993.
There are also some private higher education institutions includingPetre Andrei University, the largest private university in the historical region of Moldavia.[90]
TheCentral University Library of Iași, where the chief records of Romanian history are preserved, is the oldest and the second largest in Romania.
Iași Science Festival is a week long festival organised every year in April (starting 2013) for high school and grade school students to get be able to observe and take part in scientific experiments and be given detailed tours of the scientific and technical universities and research labs in Iași. Over 200 experiments were performed and over 10,000 students took part in the 2014 edition, from throughout the Moldavia region.[92]
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In 2012, Iași was selected as one of the European Cities of Sport.[93] The city also recently hosted theInternational Esports Federation (IESF) World Championships 2023, in which it was participated by 111 countries around the world.[94]
Iași's public transportation system is served by theCTP Iași (former RATP), which operates an extensive network using 126trams (electric trams began operating in Iași in 1900) and 150 buses.[96] In 2014, CTP carried 50,358,000 passengers, an average of 140,000 passengers per day.[97]
Iași is served by theIași International Airport (IAS) located 8 km (5.0 mi) east of the city centre. The airport is the 3rd busiest in Romania and offers direct domestic,European, andMiddle Eastern scheduled or charter connections. After extensive modernisation works, the number of connections and traffic volumes have seen a significant increase since 2015.[98]
The Grand Railway Station, located about 1 km (0.6 mi) from the city centre, provides direct rail connections to all the major Romanian cities and toChișinău, Moldova. The rail stations are very well connected to all the parts of the city by thetrams and buses of the local public transport companies.
The Iași Coach Station is used by several private transport companies to providecoach connections from Iași to a large number of locations from all over the country.
Iași is home to 14 public hospitals, including theSaint Spiridon Hospital [ro], the second largest and one of the oldest in Romania (1755),[99] St. Maria Clinic Children's Hospital (one of the largest children's hospitals in the country), Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regional Oncology Institute, andSocola Psychiatric Institute [ro] (1905 – first psychiatric hospital in Romania). The public system is complemented by numerous private clinics.
In December 2021, the Ministry of Health signed the contract for the design of a new hospital that will serve the entireNorth-East region.[100][101] The total investment in the construction of the Iași Regional Emergency Hospital (Romanian:Spitalul Regional de Urgență (SRU) Iași), with a completion date of 2027, is estimated at over 500 million euros.[102][103]
In 2014, theEuropean Commission started environmental lawinfringement procedures against Romania, citingBucharest, Iași, andBrașov cases as examples.[104] In 2015, while theatmospheric particulate matter has repeatedly reached and exceeded legal thresholds for PM10, Iași came to be regarded as the city with the second worst air quality in Romania, after Bucharest.[105] Pollution from vehicular traffic, construction works, and a lack of green spaces (the city only has about 11 m2 (118 sq ft) of public green spaces per capita) make up some of the reasons behind these problems.[105]
^Martiniuc, C (1959). "Harta geomorfologică a orașului Iași".Analele Științifice ale Universității "Al. I. Cuza" din Iași (serie nouă), secțiunea II (Științe naturale).5:183–190.
^Great Britain. Admiralty (8 January 2018)."A handbook of Roumania". London, H.M. Stationery Off., Frederick Hall [printer] Oxford – via Internet Archive.
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