Interferon regulatory factor 1 was the first member of theinterferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family identified. Initially described as a transcription factor able to activate expression of thecytokineInterferon beta,[6] IRF-1 was subsequently shown to function as a transcriptional activator or repressor of a variety of target genes. IRF-1 regulates expression of target genes by binding to an interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) in theirpromoters. The IRF-1 protein binds to the ISRE via an N-terminalhelix-turn-helix DNA binding domain,[7] which is highly conserved among all IRF proteins.
Beyond its function as a transcription factor, IRF-1 has also been shown to trans-activate the tumour suppressor proteinp53 through the recruitment of its co-factorp300.[8]
It has been shown that the extremeC-terminus of IRF-1 regulates its ability to activate transcription,nanobodies targeting this domain (MF1) are able to increase IRF-1 activity.[10]
^Itoh S, Harada H, Nakamura Y, White R, Taniguchi T (Nov 1991). "Assignment of the human interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) gene to chromosome 5q23-q31".Genomics.10 (4):1097–9.doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90208-V.PMID1680796.
^Miyamoto M, Fujita T, Kimura Y, Maruyama M, Harada H, Sudo Y, et al. (September 1988). "Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-beta gene regulatory elements".Cell.54 (6):903–13.doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(88)91307-4.PMID3409321.S2CID35063951.
^Kular RK, Yehiely F, Kotlo KU, Cilensek ZM, Bedi R, Deiss LP (October 2009). "GAGE, an antiapoptotic protein binds and modulates the expression of nucleophosmin/B23 and interferon regulatory factor 1".J. Interferon Cytokine Res.29 (10):645–55.doi:10.1089/jir.2008.0099.PMID19642896.
^Gupta M, Rath PC (April 2014). "Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) interacts with regulated in development and DNA damage response 2 (REDD2) in the cytoplasm of mouse bone marrow cells".International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.65:41–50.doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.005.PMID24412152.
Harada H, Taniguchi T, Tanaka N (1999). "The role of interferon regulatory factors in the interferon system and cell growth control".Biochimie.80 (8–9):641–50.doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80017-0.PMID9865486.
Romeo G, Fiorucci G, Chiantore MV, Percario ZA, Vannucchi S, Affabris E (2002). "IRF-1 as a negative regulator of cell proliferation".J. Interferon Cytokine Res.22 (1):39–47.doi:10.1089/107999002753452647.PMID11846974.
Cha Y, Sims SH, Romine MF, Kaufmann M, Deisseroth AB (1992). "Human interferon regulatory factor 1: intron-exon organization".DNA Cell Biol.11 (8):605–11.doi:10.1089/dna.1992.11.605.PMID1382447.
Harada H, Fujita T, Miyamoto M, Kimura Y, Maruyama M, Furia A, et al. (1989). "Structurally similar but functionally distinct factors, IRF-1 and IRF-2, bind to the same regulatory elements of IFN and IFN-inducible genes".Cell.58 (4):729–39.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90107-4.PMID2475256.S2CID2033941.
Miyamoto M, Fujita T, Kimura Y, Maruyama M, Harada H, Sudo Y, et al. (1988). "Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-beta gene regulatory elements".Cell.54 (6):903–13.doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(88)91307-4.PMID3409321.S2CID35063951.
Drew PD, Franzoso G, Becker KG, Bours V, Carlson LM, Siebenlist U, et al. (1997). "NF kappa B and interferon regulatory factor 1 physically interact and synergistically induce major histocompatibility class I gene expression".J. Interferon Cytokine Res.15 (12):1037–45.doi:10.1089/jir.1995.15.1037.PMID8746784.
