The protein encoded by this gene is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein that can form heterodimers with members of thebasic HLH family oftranscription factors.[5] The encoded protein has no DNA binding activity and therefore can inhibit the DNA binding and transcriptional activation ability of basic HLH proteins with which it interacts.[5] This protein may play a role in cell growth, senescence, and differentiation.[7][8][9] Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[10]
ID1 has been shown tointeract weakly withMyoD[5][11][12][13][14][15][16] but very tightly with ubiquitously expressed E proteins.[17] E proteins heterodimerize with tissue restricted bHLH proteins such as Myod, NeuroD, etc. to form active transcription complexes so by sequestering E proteins, Id proteins can inhibit tissue restricted gene expression in multiple cell lineages using the same biochemical mechanism. Other interacting partners includeCASK.[18]
^Perk J, Iavarone A, Benezra R (August 2005). "Id family of helix-loop-helix proteins in cancer".Nature Reviews. Cancer.5 (8):603–14.doi:10.1038/nrc1673.PMID16034366.S2CID19850793.
^Ling MT, Chiu YT, Lee TK, Leung SC, Fung MK, Wang X, et al. (September 2008). "Id-1 induces proteasome-dependent degradation of the HBX protein".Journal of Molecular Biology.382 (1):34–43.doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.020.PMID18674781.
^Qi J, Su Y, Sun R, Zhang F, Luo X, Yang Z, Luo X (March 2005). "CASK inhibits ECV304 cell growth and interacts with Id1".Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.328 (2):517–21.doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.014.PMID15694377.
^Lyden D, Young AZ, Zagzag D, Yan W, Gerald W, O'Reilly R, et al. (October 1999). "Id1 and Id3 are required for neurogenesis, angiogenesis and vascularization of tumour xenografts".Nature.401 (6754):670–7.Bibcode:1999Natur.401..670L.doi:10.1038/44334.PMID10537105.S2CID4396535.
^Lyden D, Hattori K, Dias S, Costa C, Blaikie P, Butros L, et al. (November 2001). "Impaired recruitment of bone-marrow-derived endothelial and hematopoietic precursor cells blocks tumor angiogenesis and growth".Nature Medicine.7 (11):1194–201.doi:10.1038/nm1101-1194.PMID11689883.S2CID12961562.
^Henke E, Perk J, Vider J, de Candia P, Chin Y, Solit DB, et al. (January 2008). "Peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides for targeted inhibition of a transcriptional regulator in vivo".Nature Biotechnology.26 (1):91–100.doi:10.1038/nbt1366.PMID18176556.S2CID205273623.
Zhu W, Dahmen J, Bulfone A, Rigolet M, Hernandez MC, Kuo WL, et al. (June 1995). "Id gene expression during development and molecular cloning of the human Id-1 gene".Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research.30 (2):312–26.doi:10.1016/0169-328X(95)00017-M.PMID7637581.
Deed RW, Jasiok M, Norton JD (September 1994). "Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding human helix-loop-helix Id-1 protein: identification of functionally conserved residues common to Id proteins".Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression.1219 (1):160–2.doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90261-5.PMID8086456.
Mathew S, Chen W, Murty VV, Benezra R, Chaganti RS (November 1995). "Chromosomal assignment of human ID1 and ID2 genes".Genomics.30 (2):385–7.doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0037.PMID8586447.
Outinen PA, Sood SK, Pfeifer SI, Pamidi S, Podor TJ, Li J, et al. (August 1999). "Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and growth arrest leads to specific changes in gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells".Blood.94 (3):959–67.doi:10.1182/blood.V94.3.959.415k20_959_967.PMID10419887.
Langlands K, Down GA, Kealey T (November 2000). "Id proteins are dynamically expressed in normal epidermis and dysregulated in squamous cell carcinoma".Cancer Research.60 (21):5929–33.PMID11085505.
Ohtani N, Zebedee Z, Huot TJ, Stinson JA, Sugimoto M, Ohashi Y, et al. (February 2001). "Opposing effects of Ets and Id proteins on p16INK4a expression during cellular senescence".Nature.409 (6823):1067–70.Bibcode:2001Natur.409.1067O.doi:10.1038/35059131.PMID11234019.S2CID4352931.
Ling MT, Wang X, Tsao SW, Wong YC (April 2002). "Down-regulation of Id-1 expression is associated with TGF beta 1-induced growth arrest in prostate epithelial cells".Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.1570 (3):145–52.doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00189-7.PMID12020803.
Wang X, Xu K, Ling MT, Wong YC, Feng HC, Nicholls J, Tsao SW (September 2002). "Evidence of increased Id-1 expression and its role in cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells".Molecular Carcinogenesis.35 (1):42–9.doi:10.1002/mc.10072.PMID12203366.S2CID33701077.
