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| Abbreviation | I2U2 |
|---|---|
| Established | October 2021 |
| Type | Inter-governmental economic cooperation forum |
Region | Middle East, South Asia, North America |
| Members | States in the Dialogue: |
TheI2U2 Group, also known as theMiddle Eastern Quad orWestern Quad, is a strategic partnership betweenIndia,Israel, theUnited Arab Emirates, and theUnited States. The group’s first joint statement, released on July 14, 2022, outlined its intention to collaborate on "joint investments and new initiatives in water, energy, transportation, space, health, and food security.""[1]
In an essay for theMiddle East Institute, Mohammed Soliman, a foreign policy thinker, made the strategic case for a broader "Indo-Abrahamic Alliance" that includes India, Israel, the UAE, and the United States and would expand in the future to include Egypt and Saudi Arabia to create a favorable balance of power that maintains peace and security in West Asia.[2][3] Indian commentatorRaja Mohan endorsed Soliman's Indo-Abrahamic concept and how it "can provide a huge fillip to India’s engagement with the extended neighbourhood to the west."[4] Soliman's strategic concept of the "Indo-Abrahamic Alliance" is hailed as one of the most influential articulations of post-US Middle East and eventually laid the framework for the I2U2 group.[5]
India, Israel, the UAE, and the United States held their first joint meeting virtually in October 2021. At the time, the grouping of the four countries was compared tothe Quad.[6] The inclusion of the UAE and Israel in a cooperative agreement of this kind was made possible by theAbraham Accords brokered in August 2020, which normalized relations between the two countries.[7] Soliman intended for theIndo-Abrahamic Alliance concept to transform West Asia's regional geopolitics and geo-economics and ultimately link the I2U2 Plus group with theQuad to shore up an overarching Asian order.[8] Soliman advocates for expanding the format to include more member states such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, France, and Greece.[9][10][11]
Indian commentator Harshil Mehta, writing forNews18, called the I2U2 as "a platform for the 21st century, driven by economic pragmatism, multilateral cooperation, and strategic autonomy", which "stands in sharp contrast to old groupings where religion or political ideology would matter."[12][13][14][15]
The group held its inaugural summit on July 14, 2022, in which Indian Prime MinisterNarendra Modi, US PresidentJoe Biden, Israeli Prime MinisterYair Lapid, and UAE PresidentMohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan participated.[16] As an outcome of the summit, the leaders announced that the UAE will invest $2 billion "to develop a series of integrated food parks across India," while the group also agreed to proceed with "a hybrid renewable energy project in India'sGujarat State consisting of 300 megawatts (MW) of wind and solar capacity complemented by a battery energy storage system."[17] Due to the actual needs of all parties, the I2U2's main cooperation focuses on economic growth and trade synergies, unlike the Quad based on defence and security.[18]
On September 21, 2023, under the I2U2 group's focus area of space, the governments of India, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States announced a new joint space venture on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Primarily using the space-based observation data and capabilities of the four I2U2 partner countries, this project aims to create a unique space-based tool for policymakers, institutions, and entrepreneurs, enabling their work on environmental and climate change challenges and furthering our cooperation in the applications of space data for the greater good of humanity.[19]
The I2U2 members also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the US-UAE Business Council, the UAE-India Business Council, and the UAE-Israel Business Council to create the I2U2 Private Enterprise Partnership. This new public-private partnership will work to increase awareness of the I2U2 initiative in business communities and support projects and other efforts that further the goals of the initiative.[20]
Raja Mohan argued for the inclusion of Egypt in the Indo-Abrahamic framework because of its location "at the cusp of the Mediterranean – Europe, Africa, and Asia, Egypt is the center and heart of the Greater Middle East."[21] Soliman concurred with Mohan on the strategic need to bring Egypt into the Indo-Abrahamic framework/I2U2 group because of Cairo's civilizational outlook, demographics, geography, economic and military power, and geopolitical aspiration.[22]
Soliman argued that the inclusion of Saudi Arabia under the Indo-Abrahamic framework/I2U2 is "critical to the development of a West Asian system that ensures long-term peace and stability."[23]
| # | Year | Dates | Country | City | Leaders | Ref. | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2022 | July 14 |  Israel | Virtual/Jerusalem |  |
