| ◌̋ | |
|---|---|
Double acute accent | |
| U+030B ◌̋COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT (diacritic) | |
| See also | |
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Thedouble acute accent (◌̋) is adiacritic mark of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. It is used primarily inHungarian orChuvash, and consequently it is sometimes referred to by typographers ashungarumlaut.[1] The signs formed with a regularumlaut are letters in their own right in the Hungarian alphabet—for instance, they are separate letters for the purpose ofcollation. Letters with the double acute, however, areconsidered variants of their equivalents with the umlaut, being thought of as having both an umlaut and anacute accent.
Length marks first appeared inHungarian orthography in the 15th-centuryHussite Bible. Initially, onlyá andé were marked, since they are different inquality as well aslength. Laterí,ó,ú were marked as well.
In the 18th century, before Hungarian orthography became fixed,u ando withumlaut +acute (ǘ, ö́) were used in some printed documents.[2] 19th century typographers introduced the double acute as a more aesthetic solution.
In Hungarian, the double acute is thought of as the letter having both an umlaut and an acute accent.Standard Hungarian has 14 vowels in a symmetrical system: seven short vowels(a,e,i,o,ö,u,ü) and seven long ones, which are written with anacute accent in the case ofá, é, í, ó, ú, and with the double acute in the case ofő, ű. Vowel length has phonemic significance in Hungarian, that is, it distinguishes different words and grammatical forms.
| short | a | e | i | o | ö | u | ü |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| long | á | é | í | ó | ő | ú | ű |
At the beginning of the 20th century, the letterA̋ (A with double acute) was used inSlovak as a long variant of the short vowelÄ (A with diaeresis), representing the vowel/æː/ in dialect and someloanwords.[3] The letter is still used for this purpose in Slovak phonetic transcription systems.
Inhandwriting inGerman andSwedish, theumlaut is sometimes written similarly to a double acute. In the Swedish alphabet,Å,Ä andÖ are letters in their own right.
TheChuvash language written in theCyrillic script uses a double-acuteӲ, ӳ/y/ as afront counterpart ofCyrillic letter У, у/u/ (seeChuvash vowel harmony), likely after the analogy of handwriting in Latin script languages.[4] In other minority languages ofRussia (Khakas,Mari,Altai, andKhanty), the umlauted formӰ is used instead.
ClassicalDanish handwriting uses "ó" for "ø", which becomes a problem when writingFaroese in the same tradition, as "ó" is a part of the Faroese alphabet. Thuső is sometimes used forø in Faroese.
TheIPA and many otherphonetic alphabets use two systems to indicate tone: a diacritic system and an adscript system. In the diacritic system, the double acute represents an extra high tone.
| tone | diacritic | adscript |
|---|---|---|
| extra high | e̋ | e˥ |
| high | é | e˦ |
| mid | ē | e˧ |
| low | è | e˨ |
| extra low | ȅ | e˩ |
One may encounter this use as a tone sign in some IPA-derived orthographies of minority languages, such as in the North American NativeTanacross (Athapascan). In line with the IPA usage it denotes the extra-high tone.
Unicode encodes a number of cases of "letter with double acute" asprecomposed characters and these are displayed below. In addition, many more symbols may be composed using thecombining character facility (U+030B ◌̋COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT) that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that the result has any real-world application and thus are not shown in the table.
| Hungarian language |
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 Hungarian alphabet |
| Alphabet |
| Grammar |
| History |
| Other features |
| Hungarian and English |
O and U with double acute accents are supported in the Code page 852,ISO 8859-2, andUnicode character sets.
Some of thebox-drawing characters of the original DOScode page 437 were sacrificed in order to put in more accented letters (all printable characters from ISO 8859-2 are included).
| Code point | 0x8A | 0x8B | 0xEB | 0xFB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code page 852 | Ő | ő | Ű | ű |
In ISO 8859-2, the characters Ő, ő, Ű, and ű take the place of some similar-looking (but distinct, especially at bigger font sizes) letters of ISO 8859-1.
| Code point | 0xD5 | 0xF5 | 0xDB | 0xFB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 8859-1 | Õ | õ | Û | û |
| ISO 8859-2 | Ő | ő | Ű | ű |
All occurrences of "double acute" in character names in the Unicode 9.0 standard:
| description | character | Unicode | HTML |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | |||
| LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE | Ő ő | U+0150 U+0151 | Ő ő |
| LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE | Ű ű | U+0170 U+0171 | Ű ű |
| Accents | |||
| COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT | ◌̋ | U+030B | ̋ |
| DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT | ˝ | U+02DD | ˝ |
| MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT | ˶ | U+02F6 | ˶ |
| Cyrillic | |||
| LETTERU WITH DOUBLE ACUTE | Ӳ ӳ | U+04F2 U+04F3 | Ӳ ӳ |
| Canadian syllabics | |||
| FINAL DOUBLE ACUTE | ᐥ | U+1425 | ᐥ |
InLaTeX, the double acute accent is typeset with the \H{} (mnemonic for "Hungarian") command. For example, the namePaul Erdős (in his native Hungarian: Erdős Pál) would be typeset as
Erd\H{o}s P\'al.
In modernX11 systems (or utilities such as WinCompose on Windows systems), the double acute can be typed by pressing theCompose key followed by= (the equal sign) and desired letter (o oru).
| In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek |
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|---|---|
| InEarly Cyrillic |
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| InIndic | |
| In other scripts | |
| Marks used as diacritics |
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| Non-diacritic uses | |
| InUnicode |
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