Hypaepa | |
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  Hypaepa | |
| Coordinates:38°13′52″N27°58′19″E / 38.23111°N 27.97194°E /38.23111; 27.97194 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | İzmir |
Hypaepa orHypaipa (Ancient Greek:Ὕπαιπα,romanized: Húpaipa)[1] was anAncient city and (arch)bishopric inancient Lydia, near the north bank of the Cayster River, and 42 miles fromEphesus,Ephesus[2][3] and remains a Latin Catholictitular see.
Its name was derived from its situation at the foot of Mount Aipos,[further explanation needed] itself a southern foothill ofMount Tmolus,[4]
Its location was identified by the Frenchmen Cousinéry and Texier and confirmed by the excavations carried out by Demostene Baltazzi on behalf of theOttoman government in 1892. The ruins are close to the present-day village ofGünlüce (earlier known as Datbey or Tapaı; in the Ottomanvilayet of Smyrna), 4 kilometres northwest of the town ofÖdemiş.[4]
Its position looking towards the plain ofCaystrus, was a strategic one on the route betweenSardis and Ephesus.[4]
In 88 BC, Hypaepa rebelled againstMithridates VI of Pontus (r. 120-63 BC) and was severely punished.[4]
UnderRoman EmperorTiberius (AD 14-37) it was selection as a candidate for the location of a temple dedicated to worship of the Emperor, but was rejected as being too insignificant.[4]
The Roman poetOvid contrasted the great city ofSardis with what he called "little Hypaepa":Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis.[5]
Coinage of Hypaepa of the 3rd century AD are extant,[2] until the time ofEmperor Gallienus.
To judge by the number of Byzantine churches that it contained, Hypaepa flourished under theByzantine Empire.[4]
The women of Hypaepa were reputed to have received from the mythologicalAphrodite the gift of beauty of form and dancing[6]Ovid placed at Hypaepa the home ofArachne before she was turned into a spider.[7]
ThePersian goddessAnahita, identified withArtemis and therefore called Artemis Anaitis or Persian Artemis, was worshipped at Hypaepa, which had been part of theAchaemenid Empire. However, under theRoman Empire the priests of the temple bore Greek names, not Persian.[4][6]
Pausanias mentions a rite performed in Hypaepa, in which wood was set alight apparently by magic.[8]
There was a temple ofPriapus at the city.[9]
An inscription from the synagogue ofSardis mentions a benefactor who was a member of the council of Hypaepa, indicating the presence there of a Jewish community.[4]
Hypaepa was anepiscopal see, one of manysuffragans ofEphesus, themetropolitan see of the lateRoman province ofAsia Prima. It remained active until the 13th century.
UnderByzantine emperorIsaac II Angelus Comnenus (1185-1195 and 1203-1204) it became aMetropolitan see.[6]
Lequien (Oriens Christianus I, 695) mentions six bishops: Mithres, present at theFirst Council of Nicaea in 325; Euporus, at theFirst Council of Ephesus in 431; Julian, at Ephesus, 449, and at theCouncil of Chalcedon in 451; Anthony, who abjuredMonothelism at theThird Council of Constantinople in 680; Theophylactus, at theSecond Council of Nicaea in 787; Gregory, at the Council of Constantinople in 879. To these may be added Michael, who in 1230 signed a document issued by thePatriarch Germanus II (Revue des études grecques, 1894, VII).[6]
The Latin diocese was nominally restored astitular bishopric around 1900 asHipæpa (Curiate Italian Ipæpa) and renamedHypæpa in 1933.
It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :
Sencan Altınoluk, Hypaipa. A Lydian City During the Roman Imperial Period, Istanbul, 2013.
Authority control databases: Geographic |
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