Side effects may include sleepiness, vision changes, dry mouth, rapid heart rate, triggering ofglaucoma, andsevere allergies.[7] Sleepiness is uncommon.[10] It is unclear if it is safe inpregnancy.[5] It appears safe in breastfeeding.[11] Greater care is recommended in those with heart problems.[12] It is ananticholinergic agent,[5] which does not have much effect on thebrain.[13]
Hyoscine butylbromide is effective in treating crampyabdominal pain.[20]
Hyoscine butylbromide is effective in reducing the duration of the first stage of labour, and it is not associated with any obvious adverse outcomes in mother or neonate.[21]
It is also used duringabdominal, pelvicMRI,virtual colonoscopy, and double barium contrasted studies to improve the quality of pictures.[22] Hyoscine butylbromide can reduce the peristaltic movement of the intestines and mucosal foldings, thus reducing the movement artifact of the images.[23]
Since little of the medication crosses theblood-brain barrier, this drug has less effect on thebrain and therefore causes a reduced occurrence of the centrally mediated effects (such asdelusions,somnolence and inhibition of motor functions), which reduces the usefulness of some other anticholinergic drugs.[13]
Other side effects includeaccommodation reflex disturbances,tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea; urinary retention, reduced blood pressure;dyshidrosis;[23] other symptoms are dizziness, flushing and immune system disorders (anaphylactic shock, potentially fatal); anaphylactic reactions; dyspnoea; skin reactions and other hypersensitivity reactions. Cautions should be taken for those with untreated glaucoma, heart failure,benign prostatic hyperplasia with urinary retention as hyoscine may exacerbate these conditions.[23]
Hyoscine butylbromide reduces smooth muscle contraction and the production of respiratory secretions. These are normally stimulated by theparasympathetic nervous system, via theneurotransmitteracetylcholine. As anantimuscarinic, hyoscine butylbromide binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, blocking their effect.[25]
Hyoscine butylbromide is not centrally active and has a low incidence of abuse.[13] In 2015, it was reported that prisoners atWandsworth Prison and other UK prisons were smoking prescribed hyoscine butylbromide, releasing the potenthallucinogenscopolamine.[26][27] There have also been reports of abuse inMashhad Central Prison inIran.[28]
^World Health Organization (2021).World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization.hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^Prommer EE, Thompson L, Casciato DA (2012)."Supportive Care". In Casciato DA, Territo MC (eds.).Manual of Clinical Oncology (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. p. 146.ISBN9781451115604.Archived from the original on 2015-12-08.
^Samuels LA, Christie L, Roberts-Gittens B, Fletcher H, Frederick J (December 2007). "The effect of hyoscine butylbromide on the first stage of labour in term pregnancies".BJOG.114 (12):1542–6.doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01497.x.PMID17903230.S2CID71523418.
^abcTytgat GN (November 2008). "Hyoscine butylbromide - a review on its parenteral use in acute abdominal spasm and as an aid in abdominal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures".Current Medical Research and Opinion.24 (11):3159–3173.doi:10.1185/03007990802472700.PMID18851775.S2CID73316713.
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